Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Farrokh Ayazi; Committee Member: James D. Meindl; Committee Member: John D. Cressler; Committee Member: Nazanin Bassiri-Gharb; Committee Member: Oliver Brand.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 215). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 153 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-135).

Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Hess, Dennis, Committee Member ; Teja, Amyn, Committee Member ; Kohl, Paul, Committee Chair ; Allen, Sue Ann Bidstrup, Committee Co-Chair.

Thesis (M.S. in materials science and engineering)--Washington State University, May 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-123).

Resumo: A descoberta da alta constante dielétrica () no CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) despertou grande interesse nesse material com estrutura tipo perovskita, principalmente por não apresentar uma transição de fase ferroelétrica ou comportamento relaxor comparado aos demais titanatos. O CCTO, sem adição de dopantes, apresenta também forte característica não-linear de corrente-tensão com possibilidade de aplicações em varistores. O comportamento elétrico do CCTO tem sido intensivamente discutido na literatura e tem sido atribuído a defeitos intrínsicos ou extrínsicos. Entretanto, não existe concordância na literatura em relação aos mecanismos que permitem explicar a origem dessas propriedades. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi sinterizar cerâmicas de CCTO a 1100 ºC por tempo variável e avaliar por Espectroscopia Fotoelétrica de Raios X (XPS), Difração de Raios X (XRD), Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA), Microscopia de Força Elétrica (EFM), e Microscopia de Varredura por Potencial de Superfície (SSPM) os defeitos cristalinos de grão e contorno de grão. Mecanismos de defeitos puntiformes do tipo substitucional e defeitos planares com falhas de empilhamento (stacking faults) foram discutidos para concordar com os resultados experimentais. Foi introduzindo o conceito de polarons na construção de um modelo para explicar a alta constante dielétrica do CCTO. Medidas elétricas em campo alternado, utilizando espectroscopia de impedância, enfatizaram os mecanismos de relaxação dos polarons no modelo proposto. No estudo de fenômenos de transporte em campo elétrico contínuo, para avaliar o comportamento não-ôhmico do CCTO, foram realizadas medidas da densidade de corrente (J) em função do campo elétrico aplicado (E). Essas medidas macroscópicas relacionam-se com medidas elétricas locais usando técnicas de EFM e SSPM. Com os resultados dessas técnicas, utilizadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The discovery of high dielectric constant () in the CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) generates a great scientific interest in this perovskite type of material mainly because it does not show ferroelectric phase transition or relaxor behavior compared with other titanates. The CCTO, with no dopants, displays also strong current-tension nonlinear behavior with possibility to be used as varistor. The CCTO electrical behavior has been intensively discussed in the literature and has been attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic defects. However, there is no agreement in the literature about the mechanisms which allow explaining the origin of these properties. The main objective of this work was sintering CCTO ceramics at 1100 ºC for different times and to evaluate by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Electrostatic Force Microscopy (EFM), and Scanning Surface Potential Microscopy (SSPM) the grain and grain boundary crystalline defects. Substitution point defects and planar stacking faults defects were discussed to agree with experimental results. The polaron concept was introduced in building a physical model to explain the high dielectric constant of CCTO. AC electrical measurements using impedance spectroscopy reinforced the polaron relaxation mechanisms of the proposed model. In the transport phenomena study in continuous electric field, to evaluate the CCTO non-ohmic behavior, measurements of current density (J) as function of electric field were carried out. These macroscopic measurements are related to the electric local measurements using EFM and SSPM. The obtained results based on these techniques, for mapping space charges and local surface potential, allowed to propose a model for potential barrier in the CCTO grain boundaries due to the presence of crystalline defects and polarons. Other objective of this work... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: José Arana Varela / Coorientador: Paulo Roberto Bueno / Banca: Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Graeff / Banca: Paulo Sérgio Pizani / Banca: Reginaldo Murccillo / Banca: Sidnei Antonio Pianaro / Doutor

Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.) / Dielectric elastomers (DEs) have attracted significant attention in recent years and have been found to provide excellent overall performance in actuation-based application. This thesis will introduce the fundamentals of DEs, derive the field and finite element equations for simulating its deformation, and then focus on numerically studying electromechanical instabilities, in particular electrostatically driven creep and the effect of pre-stretch on surface (creasing) instabilities. First, a nonlinear, dynamic finite element model coupled with a finite deformation viscoelastic constitutive law is utilized to study the inhomogeneous deformation and instabilities resulting from the application of a constant voltage to dielectric elastomers. Theoretical studies are performed of two problems that have been experimentally observed, i.e. electromechanical snap-through instability and bursting drops in a dielectric elastomer. In general, increasing the viscoelastic relaxation time leads to an increase in time needed to nucleate the electromechanical instability. However, it is found that the time needed to nucleate the instability of these two cases scales with the relaxation time. Second, the effect of pre-stretch on the performance of dielectric elastomers is studied. Two cases are studied, the electromechanical snap-through instability under equibiaxial pre-stress, and a strip under uniaxial pre-stretch. It is found that prestress markedly increases the stability of the elastomers, while pre-stretch increases the critical field for electro-creasing instability. / 2031-01-01

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Orientador: Eudes Borges de Araújo / Banca: Newton Luiz Dias Filho / Banca: Marcelo Rubens Barsi Andreeta / Banca: Fábio Simões de Vicente / Banca: Emerson Marcelo Girotto / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Resumo: Materiais ferroelétricos do sistema Pb('Mg IND. 1/3'Nb IND.2/3')'O IND. 3'-xPbTi'O IND. 3'(PMN-xPT), possuem potencial efetivo para aplicações em dispositivos eletromecânicos, tais como, transdutores e sensores. Porém, a obtenção de cerâmica de PMN-xPT livre de fase pirocloro (paraelétrica) exige rigoroso controle durante a síntese. Neste trabalho, as condições destinadas a supressão de fase pirocloro em cerâmicas de PMN e PMN-xPT (para x = 0,33, 0,35 e 0,37), foram estudadas a partir de uma nova rota de preparação em função do excesso de MgO e PbO. Paralelamente, cerâmicas de PMN e PMN-PT obtidas pela rota convencional de mistura de óxidos, foram preparadas e os resultados comparados. Os resultados obtidos revelaram valores mais elevados de permissividade para as cerâmicas preparadas pela nova rota. Os valores da polarização remanescente das cerâmicas de PMN-xPT mostraram-se comparáveis com monocristais. Medidas dielétricas realizadas nas cerâmicas de PMN-xPT apontam um significante aumento nos valores de permissividade dielétrica em função do aumento do campo elétrico AC. Condutividade AC e impedância nas cerâmicas de PMN-xT foram estudadaas na região de frequência de 100Hz-1MHz e temperatura 325 - 50ºC. Uma anomalia no espectro de condutividade foi observada para todas as composições, próximo ao ponto de transição de fase ferroelétrica-paraelétrica. / Abstract: Ferroelectric materials of Pb('Mg IND. 1/3'Nb IND.2/3')'O IND. 3'-xPbTi'O IND. 3'(PMN-xPT) system have effective potential for applications in electromechanical devices such as transducers and sensors. However, to obtain free pyrochlore phase (paraelectric) ceramics of PMN-xPT requires control during the synthesis. In this work, the conditions for the removal of pyrochlore phase of PMN and PMN-xPT (for x = 0.33, 0,35 and 0.37) ceramics, were studied using a new route of preparation with the excess MgO and PbO. The obtained results were compared with the ceramics of PMN and PMN-xPT prepared by the conventional route of mixed oxides. The results showed higher values of permittivity for the ceramics prepared by the new route. The remnant polarization values of PMN-xPT ceramics shown to be comparable with single crystal. Dielectric of PMN-xPT ceramics showed a significant increase in the values of dielectric permittivity due to the increase of the AC electric field. Conductivity AC and impedance of PMN-xPT ceramics were studied in the frequency range of 100Hz - 1MHz and temperature 325 - 50ºC. An anomaly was observed in the spectrum of conductivity for all the compositions, which is close to the point of ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition. / Doutor