The competition in the car market in the world is continuously intensifying. To gain an advantage in the market while making a profit, each car manufacturer needs a strong focus on always improving in the technology development. It is not just technology of the cars that need development, but it is equally important to improve the manufacturing processes itself. In the end, this will result in more appealing products for the customer at a competitive cost. The aim and scope of this master thesis is to get a deeper understanding of the forces in the stamping die during sheet metal forming in manufacturing. By using strain gauges and microcontrollers, the forces during the entire forming process could be measured and analyzed. The relationship between the force on the pressure pins in the die and the length of the pressure pins was also investigated by adding shims on the pressure pins. A modular system using Arduino Uno with 3D-printed parts was developed to measure the forces in the blank holder during sheet metal forming. An Arduino software system and TeraTerm was found the most appropriate for collecting and organizing data from the strain gauge sensors and microcontrollers. Tests were then conducted using different settings of the press, and these showed that the forces in the blank holder were uneven. Adding shims to the pins so that they were all of equal length evened out the forces in the blank holder. Another test showed that adding more shims to only one of the pins increased the force in that pin, and that adding 0.5mm of shims to that pin more than doubled the maximum force. The system developed in this thesis can measure the forces in the blank holder during the sheet forming process at a lower speed of production. This system can also detect different force settings in the press. Lastly, it can also detect a difference in force for different pressure pin lengths. / Konkurrensen på bilmarknaden i världen intensifieras kontinuerligt. För att få en fördel påmarknaden samtidigt som de gör vinst måste varje biltillverkare ha ett starkt fokus på att alltid förbättrateknikutvecklingen. Det är inte bara bilens teknik som behöver utvecklas, utan det är lika viktigt attförbättra tillverkningsprocesserna i sig. I slutändan kommer detta att resultera i mer attraktiva produkterför kunden till ett konkurrenskraftigt pris. Syftet och omfattningen av detta examensarbete är att få en djupare förståelse av krafterna ipressverktyget under plåtformningprocessen. Genom att använda töjningsgivare och mikrokontrollerkunde krafterna under hela formningsprocessen mätas och analyseras. Förhållandet mellan kraften påmothållarpinnarna i verktyget och längden på pinnarna undersöktes också genom att lägga till shims påpinnarna. Ett modulsystem som använde Arduino Uno med 3D-printade delar utvecklades för att mätakrafterna i formen under formningsprocessen. Ett Arduino-mjukvarusystem och TeraTerm bedömdesvara det mest lämpliga för att samla in och organisera data från töjningssensorer och mikrokontroller. Tester genomfördes sedan med olika inställningar i pressen, och dessa visade att krafterna ipressverktyget var ojämna. Genom att lägga till shims på pinnarna så att de alla var lika långa utjämnadeskrafterna i pressverktyget. Ett annat test visade att genom att lägga till fler shims på endast en avmothållarpinnarna ökade kraften i pinnen. Genom att tillägg till 0,5 mm shims på den pinnen mer änfördubblade den maximala kraften. Systemet som utvecklats i denna rapport kan mäta krafterna i pressverktygets mothållarpinnarunder formningsprocessen vid en lägre produktionshastighet. Detta system kan också upptäcka olikakraftinställningar i pressen. Slutligen kan den också upptäcka skillnader i kraft vid olika längder påmothållarpinnarna.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Aluminum extrusion is a metal forming process used for the production of a large variety of solid, semi-solid and complex hollow products. During extrusion, the hot aluminum billet goes under severe plastic deformation as it is forced to flow through a smaller die cavity that defines the final shape of the extruding product. Surface finish and dimensional accuracy are the two most important criteria that specify the productivity and feasibility of the extrusion process which is highly influenced by the flow of aluminum through the deforming die. Therefore, die design is considered as one of the most important characteristics of the extrusion process that influences aluminum flow, quality of the extruding product and its dimensional accuracy. Currently, development of extrusion dies is primarily based upon the empirical knowledge of the die designer gained through trial and error, which inevitability is an expensive, time consuming and ineffective method. However, owing to the technological advancements of this century in the field of finite element modeling, this decade old trial and error method can now be replaced by numerical simulations that not only save time and money but also, can accurately predict the flow of aluminum through a die as well as predict die deformation occurring during the extrusion process The motivation of this research project came from a private extrusion die manufactures need for improving their pioneered modular die based on good analytical and scientific understanding of the dies performance during the extrusion process. In this thesis, a commercial simulation package Deform 3D is used to simulate the thermo-mechanical interactions of aluminum flow through the deforming modular die for the production of Micro Multi-Port (MMP) tubes.

No description available.

Undoubtedly, Totentanz has been one of the most famous works by Franz Liszt. Totentanz has been recorded by many pianists and addressed in much of the vast literature about Liszt and his works; however, little research has been focused on this work. Most studies of Totentanz address only the historical background of the piece in relation to the theme based on Dies irae. Currently, there are no specific studies about the solo piano or two piano versions and only one recording was located. Liszt's own piano solo transcription of this famous work is an excellent addition to the concert repertoire. Totentanz consists of six variations that include canonic and fugato sections. The main theme is based on the Gregorian chant Dies irae, a melody that has been used by many other composers, most notably Berlioz in Witches Sabbath of Symphonie fantastique, op. 14 and Rachmaninoff in Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. This study contains five chapters. Chapters I and II provide background information, historical background and influences of Totentanz. Chapter III presents an outline of Liszt's achievement as a transcriber. Liszt revised his own works numerous times from the 1840s and 1850s, including Transcendental Etudes, Paganini Etudes, and piano and orchestra works. Like in the case of Totentanz, transcribed form piano and orchestra into piano solo, Liszt transcribed and paraphrased hundreds of other composers' works as well. Chapter IV discusses and compares the two main versions for solo piano and piano and orchestra. Form and harmonic language in particular the use of tritone in Totentanz is discussed. The adjustment required in transcribing the work for piano solo is discussed in detail, followed by a conclusion.

Modernas empresas buscam a melhoria dos seus sistemas de produção a fim de aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade de produtos. A tecnologia de usinagem com alta velocidade de corte (HSC – High Speed Cutting) permite aumentar as taxas de remoção de material, as tolerâncias dimensionais das partes, assim como a melhoria do acabamento superficial. Esta tecnologia tem sido muito utilizada na área de moldes e matrizes, pois minimiza o problema de tempos de usinagem longos na produção e facilita a obtenção de elevada qualidade, normalmente requerida em produtos injetados/estampados. Atualmente diversos estudos em HSC buscam a compreensão de todos os fatores envolvidos nesta nova tecnologia, a qual ainda apresenta diversas lacunas para o seu domínio completo. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico-experimental da condução de calor nos materiais utilizados na fabricação de moldes e matrizes, submetidos à usinagem com altas velocidades de corte. Os materiais utilizados foram os aços AISI D2 e AISI H13, muito utilizados nas indústrias de moldes e matrizes. Os ensaios foram realizados com fresas de ponta esférica (Ball-Nose) com e sem angulação de hélice e com ângulo de saída neutro, com revestimento de ('TI'AL')N e com uma ferramenta com uma placa de PcBN soldada. A geometria dos corpos-de-prova foi projetada para aproximar-se dos casos reais encontrados na indústria, casos em que superfícies complexas e paredes finas são comumente usinadas em matrizes e moldes. Dois sistemas de resfriamento foram utilizados o ar comprimido e o ar gelado utilizando o princípio de vórtice. Os resultados demonstraram uma pequena variação da temperatura em função dos materiais empregados e das ferramentas utilizadas em todos os testes. Os dois sistemas de resfriamento alternativos à usinagem sem sistema de resfriamento, o ar comprimido e o ar frio, também se mostraram influentes na variação da temperatura, apresentando-se como sistemas capazes de remover o calor no processo durante a usinagem. Os desvios de forma encontrados nos corpos-de-prova devem ser considerados na usinagem de perfis muito precisos. Foram encontrados valores da ordem de 0,05 mm, oriundos da combinação de distorções térmicas e tensões residuais, os quais podem ser signifcativos, por exemplo, na área de matrizaria / Modern industries improve their production systems aiming at increasing productivity and product quality. The high speed cutting (HSC) technology allows increasing material removal rates, workpiece dimensional tolerance and surface finishing as well. Such technology has been extensively used in mold and dies areas, since it minimizes long lead time problems and facilitates high quality machining, normally required in injected/formed products. Nowadays, several studies in HSC search for understanding all aspects involved in that new technology, which still presents many blanks for its complete knowledge. The present work shows a theoretical and experimental study on heat conduction flux in materials applied to mold and die manufacturing, submitted to HSC. It was used AISI D2 and AISI H13, which are very common in mold and die industry. Two types of cylindrical ball nose end milling tool were used in the experiments: coated with ('TI'AL')N and tipped with PcBN. The workpiece geometry was conceived to simulate real cases found in industry, in which complex surfaces and slim walls are commonly machined in molds and dies. Two cooling systems were used in the tests, compressed air and frozen air using vortex principle. Results indicated a small temperature variation as a function of machined materials and tools throughout the tests. Both alternative cooling systems, besides dry machining, compressed air and cool air, also demonstrated to affect temperature variation. They presented themselves as capable of remove heat from the process during the cutting operation. The form deviation found in the workpiece after machining must be considered when machining very precise profiles. Variation values of around 0.05 mm were found, coming from a combination of thermal distortion and residual stress, which could be significant, for example, in die manufacturing area

Modernas empresas buscam a melhoria dos seus sistemas de produção a fim de aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade de produtos. A tecnologia de usinagem com alta velocidade de corte (HSC – High Speed Cutting) permite aumentar as taxas de remoção de material, as tolerâncias dimensionais das partes, assim como a melhoria do acabamento superficial. Esta tecnologia tem sido muito utilizada na área de moldes e matrizes, pois minimiza o problema de tempos de usinagem longos na produção e facilita a obtenção de elevada qualidade, normalmente requerida em produtos injetados/estampados. Atualmente diversos estudos em HSC buscam a compreensão de todos os fatores envolvidos nesta nova tecnologia, a qual ainda apresenta diversas lacunas para o seu domínio completo. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico-experimental da condução de calor nos materiais utilizados na fabricação de moldes e matrizes, submetidos à usinagem com altas velocidades de corte. Os materiais utilizados foram os aços AISI D2 e AISI H13, muito utilizados nas indústrias de moldes e matrizes. Os ensaios foram realizados com fresas de ponta esférica (Ball-Nose) com e sem angulação de hélice e com ângulo de saída neutro, com revestimento de ('TI'AL')N e com uma ferramenta com uma placa de PcBN soldada. A geometria dos corpos-de-prova foi projetada para aproximar-se dos casos reais encontrados na indústria, casos em que superfícies complexas e paredes finas são comumente usinadas em matrizes e moldes. Dois sistemas de resfriamento foram utilizados o ar comprimido e o ar gelado utilizando o princípio de vórtice. Os resultados demonstraram uma pequena variação da temperatura em função dos materiais empregados e das ferramentas utilizadas em todos os testes. Os dois sistemas de resfriamento alternativos à usinagem sem sistema de resfriamento, o ar comprimido e o ar frio, também se mostraram influentes na variação da temperatura, apresentando-se como sistemas capazes de remover o calor no processo durante a usinagem. Os desvios de forma encontrados nos corpos-de-prova devem ser considerados na usinagem de perfis muito precisos. Foram encontrados valores da ordem de 0,05 mm, oriundos da combinação de distorções térmicas e tensões residuais, os quais podem ser signifcativos, por exemplo, na área de matrizaria / Modern industries improve their production systems aiming at increasing productivity and product quality. The high speed cutting (HSC) technology allows increasing material removal rates, workpiece dimensional tolerance and surface finishing as well. Such technology has been extensively used in mold and dies areas, since it minimizes long lead time problems and facilitates high quality machining, normally required in injected/formed products. Nowadays, several studies in HSC search for understanding all aspects involved in that new technology, which still presents many blanks for its complete knowledge. The present work shows a theoretical and experimental study on heat conduction flux in materials applied to mold and die manufacturing, submitted to HSC. It was used AISI D2 and AISI H13, which are very common in mold and die industry. Two types of cylindrical ball nose end milling tool were used in the experiments: coated with ('TI'AL')N and tipped with PcBN. The workpiece geometry was conceived to simulate real cases found in industry, in which complex surfaces and slim walls are commonly machined in molds and dies. Two cooling systems were used in the tests, compressed air and frozen air using vortex principle. Results indicated a small temperature variation as a function of machined materials and tools throughout the tests. Both alternative cooling systems, besides dry machining, compressed air and cool air, also demonstrated to affect temperature variation. They presented themselves as capable of remove heat from the process during the cutting operation. The form deviation found in the workpiece after machining must be considered when machining very precise profiles. Variation values of around 0.05 mm were found, coming from a combination of thermal distortion and residual stress, which could be significant, for example, in die manufacturing area

<p>U disertaciji su predstavljena istraživanja uticajnih parametara u procesu izrade alata za utiskivanje tehnikom aditivne proizvodnje, tačnije tehnikom deponovanja istopljenog materijala (FDM). Izrađena je kontrolna grupa alata za utiskivanje konvencionalnom tehnikom hemijskog nagrizanja i SLA tehnikom 3D štampe. Cilj istraživanja je definisanje optimalnih procesnih parametara izrade alata za<br />utiskivanje FDM tehnikom štampe. Ustanovljena je metodologija za karakterizaciju proizvodnih parametara koja se može primeniti na ostale tehnike aditivne proizvodnje. Analizom dobijenih rezultata i zaključaka istraživanja ustanovljena su ograničenja i mogućnosti zamene konvencionalnih alata za utiskivanje alatima izrađenim tehnikama 3D štampe.</p> / <p>The study of the influencing parameters in the production process of embossing dies using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing technique, was investigated in this dissertation. Embossing dies, produced using conventional chemical etching and vat photopolymerization technique, were developed as a control group. This research aims to define the optimal process parameters of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) in embossing dies manufacturing. A new methodology for the characterisation of production parameters, which can be applied to other additive production techniques, has been established. By analysing the results and the conclusions of this research, the possibility of replacing<br />conventional embossing dies produced using 3D printing techniques has been established as well as its limitations.</p>

In forging industry, the die setup starts with unloading the previous die set and ends with approval of the first part produced. During conventional die setup, forging press is kept idle. The aim of this study is to perform die changing applications of the 1000 ton forging press of Aksan Steel Forging Company in more systematic way to reduce the idle time. The applicability of Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) System and quick die locating methods have been studied. SMED classifies the setup operations as internal and external setup operations. During the internal setup operations the press is kept idle. Therefore it has been tried to reduce the internal setup time. In this study, a new modular die system has been developed. The die system to be used for the forging press with 1000 ton capacity in Aksan Steel Forging Company has been redesigned regarding the dimensional limitations, requirements, SMED System and quick die locating methods. The modules of proposed die system and the dies for a particular forging part have been produced. Tests, observations and time studies have been carried out. The time spent for alignment of the upper and lower dies on the press have been eliminated in the proposed system. The solutions have been proposed for the frequently encountered problems of setup operations of the company and these have been applied in the system. In order to eliminate operator mistakes, marking applications have also been introduced and the application of die cavity revision has been renewed. During the time studies for the case study, it has been seen that the internal setup time of the forging press with 1000 ton capacity has been reduced from 220 minutes to 141 minutes which corresponds to a reduction of 36 %.

Mémoire (M.Eng.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Mémoire (M.Sc.A.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2000. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU