Este trabalho abrange o estudo do processo convencional de fabricação de moldes e matrizes, ou seja, passando por processos de fresamento, eletroerosão e lixamento. Estes três processos foram aplicados ao material AISI H13, usualmente empregado na fabricação de moldes e matrizes. Além disso, foram variadas condições de usinagem, como o uso de fluído de corte. No material, a integridade da superfície foi avaliada através: da rugosidade; da dureza; da existência de deformações plásticas, trincas, tensões residuais; entre outros. No processo de fresamento foram encontradas deformações plásticas que variam de 5 μm a 8 μm. Já para o processo de EDM, foi encontrada uma camada branca de aproximadamente 20 μm. Para o lixamento constataram-se marcas de riscos e micro-rupturas. O perfil de dureza encontrado para as condições empregadas mostram um valor médio menor próximo a borda do que para a base do material. Os resultados de ruído magnético de Barkhausen mostraram que os processos de usinagem empregados modificaram a estrutura da sub-superfície dos corpos-de-prova usinados, o que pode ser percebido também para os valores medidos de tensão residual pela técnica de difração de raio X. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T18:16:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliano M Oliveira.pdf: 16772078 bytes, checksum: 2563eb47fc3f04e372ff4f36edadc956 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T18:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliano M Oliveira.pdf: 16772078 bytes, checksum: 2563eb47fc3f04e372ff4f36edadc956 (MD5) / This work includes the conventional way of die and mold production. Process such as milling, EDM and sanding are discussed. These three processes of die and mold making were applied to the AISI H13 material, that is wide used by die and mold makers to produce the mold s parts. Besides that, some conditions were modified such as the cutting fluids applications. The surface integrity was observed in the machined material by the follow itens: the roughness, the hardness, the plastic deformations existence, chippings, residual tensile, among others features were observed. In the milling process the plastic deformations varied from 5 μm to 8 μm and a white layer with about 20 μm were found to the EDM process. In the sanding process were found risks mark s and micro-breaches. The average value measured for the hardness profile shows that in the boundary there is a low value than in the material base. The Barkhausen noise results show that the machining process employed had changed the sub-surface of the blank material. This changed can be seen analyzing the stress results measured by X ray diffraction.

Este trabalho abrange o estudo do processo convencional de fabricação de moldes e matrizes, ou seja, passando por processos de fresamento, eletroerosão e lixamento. Estes três processos foram aplicados ao material AISI H13, usualmente empregado na fabricação de moldes e matrizes. Além disso, foram variadas condições de usinagem, como o uso de fluído de corte. No material, a integridade da superfície foi avaliada através: da rugosidade; da dureza; da existência de deformações plásticas, trincas, tensões residuais; entre outros. No processo de fresamento foram encontradas deformações plásticas que variam de 5 μm a 8 μm. Já para o processo de EDM, foi encontrada uma camada branca de aproximadamente 20 μm. Para o lixamento constataram-se marcas de riscos e micro-rupturas. O perfil de dureza encontrado para as condições empregadas mostram um valor médio menor próximo a borda do que para a base do material. Os resultados de ruído magnético de Barkhausen mostraram que os processos de usinagem empregados modificaram a estrutura da sub-superfície dos corpos-de-prova usinados, o que pode ser percebido também para os valores medidos de tensão residual pela técnica de difração de raio X. / This work includes the conventional way of die and mold production. Process such as milling, EDM and sanding are discussed. These three processes of die and mold making were applied to the AISI H13 material, that is wide used by die and mold makers to produce the mold s parts. Besides that, some conditions were modified such as the cutting fluids applications. The surface integrity was observed in the machined material by the follow itens: the roughness, the hardness, the plastic deformations existence, chippings, residual tensile, among others features were observed. In the milling process the plastic deformations varied from 5 μm to 8 μm and a white layer with about 20 μm were found to the EDM process. In the sanding process were found risks mark s and micro-breaches. The average value measured for the hardness profile shows that in the boundary there is a low value than in the material base. The Barkhausen noise results show that the machining process employed had changed the sub-surface of the blank material. This changed can be seen analyzing the stress results measured by X ray diffraction.

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Estudo da crise do narrador onisciente nos romances Malone meurt (1951), de Samuel Beckett, e A hora da estrela (1977), de Clarice Lispector. Atravessados pela memória textual de seus autores implícitos, os narradores-escritores Malone e Rodrigo S. M. fracassam ao criar histórias aos moldes do realismo formal. Malgrado seus esforços para estabelecer uma distância segura em relação à matéria narrada, acabam por replicar nela não apenas a si próprios, mas sobretudo motivos, episódios e até mesmo falas de personagens de obras anteriores. Paradoxalmente, a busca por firmarem-se como senhores absolutos do processo ficcional apenas sublinha o quanto são objetos desse processo. / A study about the crisis of the omniscient third-person narrator in the novels Malone meurt (1951), from Samuel Beckett, and A hora da estrela (1977), from Clarice Lispector. Laced by textual memory of their implied authors, the narrators-writers Malone and Rodrigo S. M. fail to tell stories according to the formal realism molds. Despite their efforts to create a safe distance between them and the narratives, they end up not only mirroring themselves in it but mainly mirroring several subjects, episodes, and even phrases from previous work. Paradoxically, their search to be the absolute subject of the creation process only emphasizes how they are objects of this process.

The sheet metal forming process basically involves the shaping of sheet metal of various thickness and material properties into the desired contours. This metal forming process has been extensively used by the automotive industry to manufacture both car panels and parts. Over the years numerous investigations have been conducted on various aspects of the manufacturing process with varied success. In recent years the requirements on the sheet metal forming industry have headed towards improved stability in the forming process while lowering environmental burdens. Therefore the overall aim of this research was to identify a technique for developing lubricant formulations that are insensitive to the sheet metal forming process. Due to the expense of running experiments on production presses and to improve time efficiency of the process the evaluation procedure was required to be performed in a laboratory. Preliminary investigations in the friction/lubricant system identified several laboratory tests capable of measuring lubricant performance and their interaction with process variables. However, little was found on the correlation between laboratory tests and production performance of lubricants. Therefore the focus of the research switched to identifying links between the performance of lubricants in a production environment and laboratory tests. To reduce the influence of external parameters all significant process variables were identified and included in the correlation study to ensure that lubricant formulations could be desensitised to all significant variables. The significant process variables were found to be sensitive to die position, for instance: contact pressure, blank coating of the strips and surface roughness of the dies were found significant for the flat areas of the die while no variables affected friction when polished drawbeads were used. The next phase was to identify the interaction between the significant variables and the main lubricant ingredient groups. Only the fatty material ingredient group (responsible for the formation of boundary lubricant regimes) was found to significantly influence friction with no interaction between the ingredient groups. The influence of varying this ingredient group was then investigated in a production part and compared to laboratory results. The correlation between production performance and laboratory tests was found to be test dependant. With both the Flat Face Friction test and the Drawbead Simulator unaffected by changes in the lubricant formulation, while the Flat Bottom Cup test showing similar results as the production trial. It is believed that the lack of correlation between the friction tests and the production performance of the lubricant is due to the absence of bulk plastic deformation of the strip. For this reason the Ohio State University (OSU) friction test was incorporated in the lubricant evaluation procedure along with a Flat Bottom Cup test. Finally, it is strongly believed that if the lubricant evaluation procedure highlighted in this research is followed then lubricant formulations can be developed confidently in the laboratory.

“Conflicted” succinctly describes Ernest Hemingway. He had a strong desire to make his parents proud of him but this was in constant conflict with his need to tell a story, warts and all. Of particular importance is his relationship with his mother and the crippling effect it has on his relationships with women. Hemingway’s life becomes a series of dysfunctional relationships that fail to meet his needs, leaving him perpetually searching for the right woman. Kert posits that Hemingway’s contempt for women is related to his inability to make the transition from lover to husband, fueled by Hemingway’s belief that his father surrendered his manhood to Grace Hemingway. Ernest, haunted by his parents’ relationship continues to associate negative connotations with the term “husband,” leaving Hemingway in constant fear of becoming his father, poisoning his marriages, and coloring the relationships Hemingway depicts in his short stories. Evident across the arc of Hemingway’s short stories is an evolution in his skill as a writer, but also in the development of his female characters. Over his career, Hemingway develops a female voice that rings true, and he skillfully uses it to portray female characters who are evolving into strong self-reliant women. In these stories, there is a gradual shift in the dynamics of the relationships as Hemingway’s fictional women struggle to climb from under their man’s domination. Yet, these strong self-reliant women are not fully accepted by Hemingway’s male characters, leaving a palpable tension between Hemingway’s fictional men and women. This tension can be attributed to Hemingway’s ongoing love/hate relationship between himself and the self-reliant women in his life. Hemingway never recovers from the emotional damage inflicted by his mother, evident in his personal life and in the dysfunctional relationships in his short stories. He remains vigilant and is concerned that he will end up like his father and be controlled by a domineering bitch. However, Hemingway exerts so much control in his relationships and becomes a version of his mother as he dominates his significant others. In his life, he transitions from an angry resentful child-man to a young husband, a reluctant parent, a ladies’ man, and an adventurer. Likewise, his perception and portrayal of women in his short stories keeps pace with his personal experiences. These female characters sometimes reflect the women in his life and sometimes reflect Hemingway’s insecurities as a man, and often a seamless melding of both.

Mémoire (M.Eng.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Estudo da crise do narrador onisciente nos romances Malone meurt (1951), de Samuel Beckett, e A hora da estrela (1977), de Clarice Lispector. Atravessados pela memória textual de seus autores implícitos, os narradores-escritores Malone e Rodrigo S. M. fracassam ao criar histórias aos moldes do realismo formal. Malgrado seus esforços para estabelecer uma distância segura em relação à matéria narrada, acabam por replicar nela não apenas a si próprios, mas sobretudo motivos, episódios e até mesmo falas de personagens de obras anteriores. Paradoxalmente, a busca por firmarem-se como senhores absolutos do processo ficcional apenas sublinha o quanto são objetos desse processo. / A study about the crisis of the omniscient third-person narrator in the novels Malone meurt (1951), from Samuel Beckett, and A hora da estrela (1977), from Clarice Lispector. Laced by textual memory of their implied authors, the narrators-writers Malone and Rodrigo S. M. fail to tell stories according to the formal realism molds. Despite their efforts to create a safe distance between them and the narratives, they end up not only mirroring themselves in it but mainly mirroring several subjects, episodes, and even phrases from previous work. Paradoxically, their search to be the absolute subject of the creation process only emphasizes how they are objects of this process.