No description available.

Objectives: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is on the rise worldwide. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy and excessiveness in persons with DM2 with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Study Design: A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of inadequacy of nutrients with an estimated average requirement; the mean intake of nutrients with an adequate intake; and the proportion of persons not meeting the recommendations for the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). Results: Differences were observed in the prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin A and the proportion of persons not meeting the AMDR for total fat, linoleic acid and carbohydrate. Conclusion: The aforementioned nutrients may have a significant role in the progression/development of DPN and should be studied in further detail. We recommend a balanced diet and use of a multi-vitamin for persons with DM2.

Objectives: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is on the rise worldwide. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy and excessiveness in persons with DM2 with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Study Design: A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of inadequacy of nutrients with an estimated average requirement; the mean intake of nutrients with an adequate intake; and the proportion of persons not meeting the recommendations for the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). Results: Differences were observed in the prevalence of inadequacy of vitamin A and the proportion of persons not meeting the AMDR for total fat, linoleic acid and carbohydrate. Conclusion: The aforementioned nutrients may have a significant role in the progression/development of DPN and should be studied in further detail. We recommend a balanced diet and use of a multi-vitamin for persons with DM2.

No description available.

No description available.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / It is critical to adequate food since childhood, mainly due, growth and intellectual development. Is the preschool age eating habits are formed and passed on to the nutritional status of children. This study aimed to analyze the food intake and nutritional status of preschool children in a day care center, through the weighed food record served in the institution with subsequent chemical analysis; 24-hour food recall was performed complemented by the food intake of the child at home; a food frequency questionnaire; and growth curves proposed by the World Heath Organization. Dietary reference intakes were used to assess the adequacy of dietary intake of children. It was found inadequate food intake at daycare center, with high percentages of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the lower limit to the recommendation. The consumption at home was characterized by an energy and protein intake excessive. Analyzing the total daily intake of children, the average intake of protein and carbohydrates were higher than the recommendation, and lipids remained within the proper range. The percentage of inadequate energy was 92.31%; iron 46.15%; carbohydrates 10.25%; phosphorus and zinc 5.13%; magnesium 2.56%. There was no presence of nutritional deficits and most children were well-nourished. The data show a high prevalence of inadequate energy, some minerals and fiber, and a tendency to overweight. Therefore, there is need for a revision and adaptation of the menus of the institution to better meet the needs of preschoolers; and nutritional guidance to parents so that does not a super feeding at home in order to avoid excessive weight gain in childhood with the associated consequences for health. / É de fundamental importância uma alimentação adequada desde a infância em função, principalmente, do crescimento e do desenvolvimento intelectual. É na fase pré-escolar que os hábitos alimentares são formados, repercutindo no estado nutricional da criança. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de pré-escolares de uma creche, o que foi realizado por meio de pesagem direta dos alimentos servidos na instituição, com posterior análise química dos mesmos; de recordatório alimentar de 24h para complementar o consumo alimentar da criança no domicílio; de um questionário de frequência alimentar; e das curvas de crescimento propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Foram utilizadas também as ingestões dietéticas de referência para observar a adequação da ingestão alimentar das crianças. Quanto aos resultados, verificouse um consumo alimentar insuficiente na creche, com altas porcentagens de carboidratos, teores de lipídios e proteínas no limite inferior à recomendação. Já o consumo no domicílio foi caracterizado por uma ingestão energética e protéica excessiva. Analisando o consumo diário total das crianças, as médias de ingestão de proteínas e de carboidratos foram superiores à recomendação; e lipídios mantiveram-se dentro da faixa adequada. A porcentagem de inadequação foi de 92,31% de energia; 46,15% de ferro; 10,25% de carboidratos, 5,13% de fósforo e zinco; e 2,56% de magnésio. Não houve presença de déficits nutricionais e a maioria das crianças encontrava-se eutrófica. Os dados mostram uma elevada prevalência de inadequação energética, de alguns minerais e de fibras, além de uma tendência ao excesso de peso. Portanto, há necessidade de reformulação e adequação dos cardápios da instituição para melhor atender às necessidades dos pré-escolares; bem como orientação nutricional aos pais para que não ocorra a superalimentação em casa, a fim de evitar um ganho de peso excessivo na infância com conseqüências associadas para a saúde.

South Africa has over 19 500 different indigenous plant species. Most of these are of ethnobotanical significance and are still used by local rural communities as medicine, food and for making beverages. The relatively little research that has been conducted on indigenous plant species has focused mainly on their medicinal potential. However, in view of the rapidly growing size of the global and local beverage industry and their constant search for new products, beverage-making indigenous plant species may have commercial development potential. To date, no detailed studies have been conducted on these plants, especially in the species-rich Limpopo province. The aim of this study was, therefore to evaluate the potential of indigenous plants for commercial beverage production. In order to achieve this, a survey was conducted in the Limpopo province to identify beverage-making plants and to document beverage preparation methods. Selected beverages were analysed and evaluated for their nutrient and sensory characteristics and a market product acceptability survey was conducted to identify those beverages with the greatest potential for development. Sixty three different beverage-plant species were identified in three study areas within the Limpopo province. These were used for the preparation of teas, fruit juices and alcoholic beverages. Plants that received further research attention were selected on the basis of their status as indigenous plants, frequency of use, nature of harvesting methods and availability. Some of the selected beverages were found to be rich in nutrients, especially with respect to vitamin C and mineral content. Furthermore, sensory analyses and market surveys indicated that four species, namely, Doyvalis caffra, Garcinia livingstonei, Grewia flavescens and Englerophytum magalismontanum have potential for further development for the beverage industry while Athrixia phylicoides has commercialisation potential as a herbal tea. However, further research is required to improve and refine preparation methods and to ensure compliance with quality standards. The availability of sufficient plant material for the industry must also be ensured. This research has indicated that South African indigenous plants have untapped market potential for the beverage industry which, if developed sustainably, could contribute to economic growth of the rural parts of South Africa. / Environmental Sciences / D. Ed. (Environmental Management)

South Africa has over 19 500 different indigenous plant species. Most of these are of ethnobotanical significance and are still used by local rural communities as medicine, food and for making beverages. The relatively little research that has been conducted on indigenous plant species has focused mainly on their medicinal potential. However, in view of the rapidly growing size of the global and local beverage industry and their constant search for new products, beverage-making indigenous plant species may have commercial development potential. To date, no detailed studies have been conducted on these plants, especially in the species-rich Limpopo province. The aim of this study was, therefore to evaluate the potential of indigenous plants for commercial beverage production. In order to achieve this, a survey was conducted in the Limpopo province to identify beverage-making plants and to document beverage preparation methods. Selected beverages were analysed and evaluated for their nutrient and sensory characteristics and a market product acceptability survey was conducted to identify those beverages with the greatest potential for development. Sixty three different beverage-plant species were identified in three study areas within the Limpopo province. These were used for the preparation of teas, fruit juices and alcoholic beverages. Plants that received further research attention were selected on the basis of their status as indigenous plants, frequency of use, nature of harvesting methods and availability. Some of the selected beverages were found to be rich in nutrients, especially with respect to vitamin C and mineral content. Furthermore, sensory analyses and market surveys indicated that four species, namely, Doyvalis caffra, Garcinia livingstonei, Grewia flavescens and Englerophytum magalismontanum have potential for further development for the beverage industry while Athrixia phylicoides has commercialisation potential as a herbal tea. However, further research is required to improve and refine preparation methods and to ensure compliance with quality standards. The availability of sufficient plant material for the industry must also be ensured. This research has indicated that South African indigenous plants have untapped market potential for the beverage industry which, if developed sustainably, could contribute to economic growth of the rural parts of South Africa. / Environmental Sciences / D. Ed. (Environmental Management)

博士(スポーツ健康科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Health and Sports Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University