[pt] O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver compósitos à base de uma liga de AlSi (Alumix-231) com adição de 5 a 20 vol. por cento de sílica fundida, no intuito de reduzir o coeficiente de expansão térmica (CET), com relação ao da matriz, e manter as propriedades físicas do compósito, tais como densidade e dureza, ao menos no nível da matriz. Os compósitos foram desenvolvidos pela metalurgia do pó, primeiramente, prensados a 700 MPa e depois sinterizados em temperaturas entre 565 e 575 graus C por 90 min (condição T1). Os melhores resultados, em termos de redução da expansão térmica, foram alcançados após a sinterização a 565 graus C. Os compósitos com adição de 15 e 20 vol.por cento de sílica fundida exibiram coeficientes de expansão térmica tão baixos quanto 13,70 e 12,73 x 10(-6) graus C(-1) (entre 25 e 400 graus C), uma redução de 29,9 por cento e 34,8 por cento, respectivamente, em comparação com Alumix231 pura. Além disso, a densidade e a dureza desses compósitos não foram muito afetadas negativamente, pois sofreram apenas uma pequena diminuição, não superior a 6 por cento e 5 por cento, respectivamente. Em seguida, amostras sinterizadas a 565 graus C foram envelhecidas artificialmente a 160 graus C por 8 h (condição T6) e os Compósitos de Matriz Metálica (CMMs) com 15 e 20 vol. por cento de sílica fundida exibiram um aumento da dureza, cerca de 94,12 por cento e 64,71 por cento, respectivamente, em relação às amostras análogas na condição T1. Com relação à expansão térmica, houve redução dos CETs, em comparação com a liga pura envelhecida, de 27 por cento e de 32 por cento, respectivamente. Alumix-231 é uma nova e promissora liga e a sílica fundida, que nunca foi usada antes com o objetivo de reduzir sua expansão térmica, demonstrou ser uma cerâmica com aplicações promissoras como carga em compósitos de matrizes à base de Alumix-231 devido à sua expansão térmica próxima de zero e à sua baixa densidade. Como tal, os resultados obtidos mostraram que os compósitos de Alumix-231/sílica fundida são materiais potencialmente promissores para aplicações automotivas, candidatos a substituírem o ferro fundido (alta densidade, de 7,3 a 7,9 g cm(-3) , e CET de 13 x 10(-6) graus C(-1)). / [en] The goal of this study was to develop composites based on an Al-Si alloy (Alumix-231) with the addition of 5 to 20 vol. percent of fused silica, to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in comparison to that of the matrix (Alumix-231), keeping the composite light and without impairing its physical properties, such as density and hardness. The composites were developed by powder metallurgy, first pressed at 700 MPa, and then sintered at temperatures between 565 and 575 degrees C for 90 min (T1 condition). The best results, in terms of reduced thermal expansion, were achieved after liquiq-phase sintering at 565 degrees C. Composites with the addition of 15 and 20 vol. percent of fused silica exhibited CTEs, as low as, 13.70 and 12.73 x 10(-6) degrees C(-1) (between 25 and 400 degrees C), a reduction of 29.9 percent and 34.8 percent, respectively, compared to neat Alumix-231. Furthermore, the density and hardness of these composites were not negatively affected, as these properties presented only a small decrease, not exceeding 6 percent and 5 percent, respectively. Then, samples sintered at 565 degrees C were artificially aged at 160 degrees C for 8 h (T6 condition), and MMCs-15 and 20 vol. percent exhibited an increase in hardness of about 94,12, percent and 64,71 percent, compared to T1 samples. Regarding thermal expansion, there was a reduction of CTEs, compared to the aged neat alloy, of 27 percent and 32 percent, respectively. Alumix-231 is a promising new alloy and fused silica, which has never been used before to reduce its thermal expansion, has shown to be a ceramic with promising applications as a filler in Alumix-231-based matrix composites, due to its thermal expansion close to zero. As such, the results obtained showed that Alumix231/fused silica composites are promising materials for automotive applications and new candidates to replace heavy cast iron components.

В настоящей работе объектом исследования является магнитомягкий аморфный сплав системы Fe-Si-Nb-Cu-Mo-B из группы материалов Finemet. Образец выполнен в виде ленты толщиной 20…30 мкм методом быстрой закалки (спиннингованием). Для определения температурных интервалов фазовых и структурных превращений в исходно аморфном сплаве были использованы методы калориметрии, дилатометрии, терморентгеновского фазового анализа. При скоростях нагрева 0,3…0,5 o/сек установлен температурный диапазон существования данного сплава в нанокристаллическом состоянии. / The research object in that work is magnetically soft amorphous Fe-Si-Nb-Cu-Mo-B alloy. That and same alloy systems was named as Finemet material. The sample is an amorphous ribbon, which has thickness of 20…30 μm, it was producing by melt spinning method. The samples were studied using methods of calorimetry, dilatometry and non-ambient x-ray diffraction analysis. The alloy was heat treated. Data about thermal effects, changes in geometric dimensions, changes in the phase composition, and about critical points are obtained. Interval of nanocrystallic state existence for heating rate 0.3…0.5 o/sec was determined.

[pt] Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo cinético do revenido de reações do aço de baixa liga (AISI 1050) usando a dilatometria não isotérmica. Os parâmetros cinéticos do primeiro e terceiro estado do revenido (aqui foram nomeados como processos I e II ) foram calculados assumindo que as reações obedecem ao modelo cinético de Johnson--Mehl--Avrami--Kolmogorov (JMAK) . Os formalismos mediante os quais os parâmetros cinéticos (E, n, Ko) são calculados é apresentado. Foram usados cinco formalismos para realizar o estudo . Três destes formalismos estão embasados em diferentes aproximações da integral da temperatura, um na regra de adição e um destes não usa nenhuma aproximação para o calculo. Os intervalos de confiança dos parâmetros também foram calculados. O resultado mostra que os valores calculados coincidem independentemente do método usado. Além disso, não dependem da temperatura ou da fração transformada. Conclui-se que neste caso ocorreu um processo com saturação de sítios. / [en] In this paper we present a kinetic study of the reactions of tempering in low-alloy steel (AISI 1050), using the non-isothermal dilatometry. The kinetic parameters of the first and third state of the tempering (here were named as processes I and II) were calculated assuming that the reactions follow the kinetic model of Johnson - Mehl - Avrami - Kolmogorov (JMAK). The calculation of the parameters was not done by setting any model. The formality by which the kinetic parameters (E, n, Ko) are calculated was presented. Five formalisms have been used mainly for the study. Three of them are based on different approximations of the integral of temperature. Another method were based on addition rule .Finally the last method does not use any other approach to the calculation. The result shows that the calculated values are very similar and these values are independent of the method used. Also, do not depend on temperature or transformed fraction .In this study it was concluded that this case happened a process with saturation of sites. During the study the confidence intervals of the parameters were calculated.

En usinage, la zone de coupe présente des conditions de température, des cinétiques thermiques, des déformations et des pressions extrêmes. Dans ce contexte, être capable de relier les variations des conditions de coupe (vitesse de coupe, avance, lubrification, usure, outil,…) à l’intégrité de la surface usinée constitue un objectif scientifique majeur. Cette thèse s’intéresse au cas du tournage finition du 15-5PH (acier inoxydable martensitique utilisé, entre autre, pour la fabrication des pièces de rotor d’hélicoptère ainsi que les pompes et les vannes de circuit primaire de centrale nucléaire) et s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet MIFSU (Modélisation de l’Intégrité et de la Fatigue des Surfaces Usinées).Dans un premier temps, le comportement du matériau a été étudié afin d’alimenter les simulations d’usinage. Des essais de dilatométrie libre ont été conduit afin de calibrer les cinétiques d’austénitisation du 15-5PH pour des vitesses de chauffe élevées (jusqu’à 11000 °C/s). Les paramètres du modèle de changement de phase de Leblond ont alors été identifiés. De plus, des essais de compression dynamique (dε/dt allant de 0.01 à 80 /s et ε > 1) ont été réalisés pour calibrer une loi de comportement élasto-plastique aux grandes déformations avec une sensibilité à la vitesse de déformation. Ces essais ont aussi permis de mettre en évidence des phénomènes de recristallisation dynamique et leurs influences sur la contrainte d’écoulement du matériau. Un modèle de recristallisation dynamique a donc également été mis en œuvre.En parallèle, un modèle numérique de prédiction de l’intégrité des surfaces tournées a été construit. Ce modèle repose sur une méthodologie dite « hybride » (développée au cours de la thèse Frédéric Valiorgue pour l’acier AISI 304L) qui consiste à supprimer la modélisation de l’outil de coupe et de la formation du copeau, et à remplacer l’impact thermomécanique de ces derniers sur la surface usinée par des chargements équivalents. Une étape de calibration de ces chargements a donc été réalisée à travers des essais de coupe orthogonale et de frottement (étude de sensibilité des efforts d’usinage, du coefficient de frottement et du coefficient de partage thermique) aux variations des paramètres de coupe.Enfin, les résultats des simulations numériques de tournage portant sur la prédiction des changements de microstructure (austénitisation et recristallisation dynamique) ainsi que des contraintes résiduelles ont été comparés aux résultats issus d’une campagne d’essais de chariotage. / During machining, extreme conditions of pressure, temperature and strain appear in the cutting zone. In this thermo-mechanical context, the link between the cutting conditions (cutting speed, lubrication, feed rate, wear, tool coating…) and the machining surface integrity represents a major scientific target. This PhD study is a part of a global project called MIFSU (Modeling of the Integrity and Fatigue resistance of Machining Surfaces) and it focuses on the finish turning of the 15-5PH (a martensitic stainless steel used for parts of helicopter rotor). Firstly, material behavior has been studied in order to provide data for machining simulations. Stress-free dilatometry tests were conducted to obtain the austenitization kinetics of 15-5PH steel for high heating rates (up to 11,000 ° C/s). Then, parameters of Leblond metallurgical model have been calibrated. In addition, dynamic compression tests (dε/dt ranging from 0.01 to 80/s and ε > 1) have been performed to calibrate a strain-rate dependent elastoplasticity model (for high strains). These tests also helped to highlight the dynamic recrystallization phenomena and their influence on the flow stress of the material. Thus, recrystallization model has also been implemented.In parallel, a numerical model for the prediction of machined surface integrity has been constructed. This model is based on a methodology called "hybrid" (developed during the PhD thesis of Frédéric Valiorgue for the AISI 304L steel). The method consists in replacing tool and chip modeling by equivalent loadings (obtained experimentally). A calibration step of these loadings has been carried out using orthogonal cutting and friction tests (with sensitivity studies of machining forces, friction and heat partition coefficients to cutting parameters variations).Finally, numerical simulations predictions of microstructural changes (austenitization and dynamic recrystallization) and residual stresses have been successfully compared with the results of an experimental campaign of turning.