In this thesis, I study the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations' (FAO) depiction of West African forests in its Forestry Outlook Study for Africa: Subregional Report, West Africa, which attempts to describe all of West Africa's forests simultaneously. The FAO is a large international development agency that produces agricultural and environmental information for individual states and other international agencies, such as the World Bank. The FAO's forestry studies pander to Western fears of environmental degradation, assumptions of African backwardness, and the assumed "rational" behavior of private investors in a free market by depicting West African forests as rapidly, uniformly, and irreparably degrading due to "irrational" resource management. The FAO presents privatization as a natural goal of international development, and requisite for "rational" land use. Unless private investors are given control of forests, the FAO implies, "irrational" deforestation will destroy West African forests. The FAO has thus incorporated Western fears about the environment into their neoliberal economic agenda. Academics have challenged the FAO's description of West African forests and have found that, in many cases, the FAO's attempts to provide generalizations and recommendations over large regions do not adequately reflect the economic and geographical diversity of the region. Current academic literature challenges the representation of West Africa, and the environmental discourse of international development. I find that even critics of environmental discourse do not adequately challenge the underlying neoliberal assumptions that motivate the FAO. I propose that critics must further distance themselves from the assumptions inherent to international development by incorporating economic philosophy into their critique. / Master of Arts

No / This is a reply to Sue Mitchell and Francisco J. Eiroa-Orosa’s ‘Love your enemy.’ The latter seeks to explore the self-transcending potential of altruistic behaviour through a dialogical paradigm. It not only initiates fresh discussion on the subject of altruism, but also advances new discussion on Bakhtinian aesthetics. For the continuation of this forward momentum, we suggest a more nuanced approach to the placement of the ‘researcher’ within the applied methodological matrix. Similarly, we also advocate for the synthesising of research tools, often appropriated by theological studies, into said methodological matrix. This is a reply to: Mitchell, Sue and Eiroa-Orosa, Francisco J. 2018. “Love your enemy? An aesthetic discourse analysis of self-transcendence in values-motivated altruism.” Global Discourse https://doi.org/10.1080/23269995.2018. 1511766

Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines data from account-giving in Sesotho. Am account-making process according to Warren (1989), is more like a "life in motion" in which individual characters are portrayed as moving through their experiences, dealing with some problem in their lives and at the same time diligently searching for a resolution. It is then this quest to understand the major stresses in each individual's mind that is at the core of this study. The reasons that lead to the result of the daily experiences of destitution, depression, death, disability etc, are also addressed here. Narrative accounts form the basis of moral and social events and as such, stories have two elements through which they are explored. They are explored firstly in the way in which they are told and secondly, in the way they are lived in the social context. These stories follow a historically or culturally based format, and to this effect, Gergen (1994) posited narrative criteria that constitute a historically contingent narrative form. Narrative forms are linguistic tools that have important social functions to satisfactorily fulfil such needs as stability narrative, progressive narrative and regressive narrative. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek data oor verslagdoening in Sesotho. 'n Verslagdoeningsproses is volgens Warren (1989) soos 'lewe in beweging', waarin individuele karakters voorgestel word as dat hulle beweeg deur ervarings, en een of ander probleem in hulle lewe aanspreek, en terselfdertyd soek na 'n oplossing. Dit is hierdie soeke om die spanninge te verstaan in die denke van elke individu wat aan die kern van hierdie studie lê. Die redes wat lei tot die resultaat van die daaglikse ondervindings van eensaamheid, depressie, dood, gestremdheid, ens. word ook beklemtoon in hierdie studie met verwysing na Sesotho verslagdoenings. Narratiewe verslagdoening vorm die basis van morele en sosiale gebeure, en as sulks, vorm dit die twee elemente waardeur hulle ondersoek word. Dit word ondersoek, eerstens deur die wyse waarop dit vertel word en tweedens, deur die wyse waarop dit beleef word in die sosiale konteks. Hierdie stories volg 'n histories of kultureel-gebaseerde formaat en, tot hierdie effek, het Gergen (1994) narratiewe kriteria gepostuleer wat 'n histories afhanklike narratief vorm. Narratiewe vorme is linguistiese gereedskap wat belangrike sosiale funksies het om behoeftes te vervul aan stabiliteit narratiewe, progressiewe narratiewe, en regressiewe narratiewe.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Nesta dissertação, temos por objetivo estudar a polifonia em notícias relacionadas à Educação, publicadas no jornal Folha de S. Paulo, nas décadas de 1930, 1940, 1970 do século XX e na primeira década do século XXI, sob a perspectiva teórica da Análise Crítica do Discurso. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 30 notícias com o objetivo de investigar a construção argumentativa do texto, a partir da inserção de outras vozes presentes, bem como os atores sociais responsáveis por tais declarações. Considerando que a polifonia é uma categoria que vai além da simples introdução de uma voz ou de um efeito de autoridade no texto, analisaremos o uso dos discursos direto e indireto. No discurso direto, marcado pelas aspas, o enunciador se apropria da fala do outro e a transcreve para talvez se ter um maior distanciamento do que é dito. Já o discurso indireto é entremeado pela fala do ator social, sem o uso das aspas, no qual o enunciador disserta, com suas próprias palavras, sobre o que foi dito pelo outro. Nesse jogo de vozes e atores os discursos inseridos nas notícias formam um processo argumentativo, pois o simples fato de o enunciador escolher uma declaração e não outra implica uma estratégia argumentativa. / This research aims to study polyphony in news stories related to education, as published in the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, in the 1930s, 1940s, 1970s, and in the first decade of the 20th century, under the theoretical framework of the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). We have selected 30 news stories to investigate the construction of arguments from the different voices in the text, in addition to social actors uttering such statements. Based on the idea that polyphony is a linguistic construction that goes beyond the mere introduction of different points of view in the utterance, or authority effects of the text self, we analyze the use of quoted and reported speeches. In quoted speech, which appears within quotation marks, we say exactly what someone has said word by word to attain a detachment effect from what is said. On its turn, reported speech does not use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it does not have to be word by word, and when reporting someone else\'s speech we are usually talking about a time in the past. In this game of voices and actors, the discourse inserted into news articles make up an argumentative process because by simply uttering one thing and not another Implies an argumentative strategy.

Huang, Zeping. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-211). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of the North, 1988 / Refer to the document

Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2004 / Refer to the document

Thesis (MEd. (Language and Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / Combating Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among young people has been one of the most difficult challenges in the small communities of rural Mafarana in South Africa, which is only one area surrounded by many other similar areas beset by similar problems. One of the major obstacles that hinder television (TV) health messages from reaching the targeted market is the communication barrier, little or no information, misinformation or misunderstanding are amid many other reasons. The objective of this study was to research the discourse analysis of high school learners’ interpretation of HIV/AIDS TV health messages. The study examined three objectives, aimed at providing a clear indication whether advertisers consider the need for using direct and clearly understood language to meet the required level of education of the targeted audience. Meeting these criteria would result in HIV/AIDS education having an impact on rural people’s knowledge and behaviour.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Linguistics, 2009. / Bibliography: p. 210-223.