The current migration crisis has put significant strain on the European Union and its member states. Immigration has always been a contentious issue in societies, most often facing significant opposition. By drawing on postmodern theories of international relations and Discourse Theory, this paper analyses how immigration is being increasingly securitized by the European Union and its member states along with what makes securitization the hegemonic discourse. This is done primarily with reference to identity construction through the framing of the Other, in this case the migrant, as an unwanted and externalized element. Furthermore, the paper details how the framing of the migrant as a threat to the internal security of a country strenghtend identity politics across Europe. Finally, using the Brexit campaign in the UK, the paper analyzes how the rise in identity politics in turn raises the possibility of a successful fusion of the anti-immigration discourse with the anti-EU discourse through the exploiting of societal unease.

This thesis is concerned with the relation between the notion of national language and identity, in particular the manner in which a shared sense of national belonging is expressed and reproduced through the display of public attitudes towards foreign loanwords in society. Employing the case study of contemporary Japan, this research seeks to uncover the process by which a national language is conceived of as a symbol of national identity that requires the exclusion of certain loanwords from the perceptual framework of this national language. To this end, contemporary Japanese discourse on language has been scrutinised, drawing on nationwide newspaper entries published between 1991 and 2010 on the subject of foreign loanwords known as 'gairaigo' in Japanese. Through this analysis, the thesis argues that the fierce debate on the use of loanwords can be understood as a particular manifestation of the ongoing (re-)negotiation of Japanese national identity. On the whole, criticism and praise of the use of loanwords are found to be grounded upon a desire to establish specific understandings of Japaneseness in reference to the otherness symbolised by loanwords. Both parties in the debate are, therefore, highly reliant upon notions of national consciousness, challenging the common view that debates over the use of foreignisms are merely that of an opposition between nationalists who argue for the purity of language and internationalists who argue against such normative boundaries in language. In this context, it is argued that loanwords represent a foreignness, or otherness, felt within a society that constructs an 'internal other', or 'outside within', to a Japanese 'self', the identity of which is neither autonomous nor clearly delineated.

Contrary to the assumptions of realist theory, this thesis suggests that reality is subjected to social constructions. The national discourse of one country constitutes the context from which societies will generate perceptions and ideas about another society. It is from these socially constructed ideas that states' interests are formed. States interests are what constitute the foreign policy of a country. Given that the United States is the world's hegemon, understanding the process by which countries' interests take shape and evolve will give the United States social awareness and strategic advantage to lead the world's current speedy integration with less volatile rivalries. In order to grasp the factors contributing to the relationship between specific states, some context is needed beforehand. By tracing and comparing historical events in the relations between the United States, Venezuela, and Iran, this thesis examines the constructivist claim that states behavior towards another is directly affected by the social interpretation of their interactions. It is social constructions, not power, what determines if states will view each other as "enemy" or "ally". National identity and worldview ultimately drive state behavior and how countries choose to utilize their capabilities.

This thesis outlines a personal attempt to explore leadership in a holistic manner that recognises the contribution of both individuals and the collective whilst remaining sensitive to contextual factors. It endeavours to do this through presentation, analysis and discussion of two empirical studies of leadership, informed by distributed and practice perspectives, which regard leadership as a shared and contextually situated social process. The thesis begins with an overview of leadership theory and research, proposing that the time is right for a reframing of the field of leadership studies in order to redress the balance accorded to individual and collective accounts of leadership; review how we recognise, reward and develop leadership; and revisit our methodologies and approaches to leadership enquiry. The first empirical study investigates perceptions and experiences of leadership in the UK higher education sector, proposing that whilst leadership may be considered as widely dispersed, the notion of ‘distributed leadership’ also carries a powerful rhetorical function that may mask an uneven distribution of power, resources and rewards. The second empirical study explores the notion of ‘leadership-as-practice’ in three large, complex organisations outside the HE sector, and reveals the significant impact of discourse and sensemaking in shaping perceptions, experiences and the accomplishment of leadership for middle-senior level operational managers. The discussion chapter draws together the various themes explored in the thesis, in particular demonstrating the significance of issues of discourse, identity and purpose in making sense of the elusive nature of leadership practice. It is argued that a holistic representation of leadership remains difficult to achieve because of the manner in which grand Discourses and micro-level discourses of leadership interact to attribute the social process of leadership to the actions of individual leaders. The thesis concludes with a series of recommendations that highlight the value of a somewhat eclectic approach to leadership theory, research, practice and development that facilitates the emergence and recognition of contextually-appropriate ‘hybrid configurations’ of leadership.

This thesis is the product of a discourse analytic investigation of the first decade of the British lesbian magazine, DIVA, which launched in 1994. Work on mainstream women's and men's magazines has established them as sites at which (largely heterosexual) femininities and masculinities are constructed and construed, but relatively little scholarship has addressed lesbian magazines in this fashion. DIVA is Britain's only nationally sold, mainstream lesbian magazine; with this in mind, the thesis provides an analytic account of the magazine's launch, production and brand, and considers the discursive construction of lesbian community and the boundary work that that entails. The initial analytic chapters detail editorial philosophies, routines, and financial circumstances; design, front covers, and editorial content. Though the magazine has only limited resources available, those restrictions are simultaneously liberating, allowing DIVA's editors to pursue their political commitments at the same time as operating in the commercial marketplace. In considering the discursive construction of 'us', the thesis highlights a focus on community, support, and heritage. It further considers the discursive management of the boundaries of that imagined community, focusing on the 'threat' posed by bisexual women and the arguments this causes among readers. Finally, DIVA's handling of (heterosexual) others is considered, concluding that they are constructed as irrational, yet powerful, aggressors. Overall, DIVA's was a brand invested in the notion of community and in its role not only in imagining that community but also bringing members together. Though readers were at times divided over who belonged, or should belong, they were united in their belief that there was something to belong to. In the face of a hostile greater 'other', which was constructed as a constant source of threat, this belonging was incredibly important.

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Com a promulgaÃÃo da ConstituiÃÃo Federal de 1988, os espaÃos para a participaÃÃo da sociedade civil na definiÃÃo e implementaÃÃo das polÃticas pÃblicas no Brasil ampliaram-se significativamente. VÃrios setores minoritÃrios da sociedade brasileira, como negros Ãndios, mulheres e homossexuais, saÃram Ãs ruas para reivindicar seus direitos. Um desses grupos que passaram a reivindicar sua identidade e ancestralidade negra foram as comunidades que guardavam descendÃncias com pessoas que foram escravizadas no Brasil. Assim sendo, a Tese tem como objeto de estudo a elaboraÃÃo do RelatÃrio AntropolÃgico. Essa peÃa faz parte da produÃÃo de RelatÃrios TÃcnicos de IdentificaÃÃo e DelimitaÃÃo (R.T.I.D.). Esse documento à utilizado para a regularizaÃÃo fundiÃria de territÃrios de comunidades remanescentes de quilombos. O trabalho discute a formaÃÃo da identidade e do territÃrio quilombola a partir da elaboraÃÃo do relatÃrio antropolÃgico e do discurso implementado pelo antropÃlogo na comunidade, respaldado por uma prÃtica cientÃfica e social. Busca-se, aqui, compreender, a partir dos conceitos de movimentos sociais, sociedade civil, identidade, discurso e redes sociotÃcnicas, como sÃo produzidos territÃrios de comunidades quilombolas enquanto verdades passÃveis de serem reconhecidas pelo estado brasileiro. Nesta discussÃo, observamos que o relatÃrio antropolÃgico à ativamente produzido na e por meio da representaÃÃo. Esse trabalho tambÃm aborda a participaÃÃo das comunidades quilombolas como sujeitos sociais coletivos, como membros ativos de organizaÃÃes populares da sociedade civil. Veremos que o sujeito quilombola, portador de uma identidade ex-escrava, nÃo se configura a partir de uma ideia iluminista, em que o indivÃduo era centrado, unificado, dotado das capacidades de razÃo, de consciÃncia e de aÃÃo, cujo centro consistia num nÃcleo interior. A identidade, que sempre esteve ligada à perspectiva do Estado-naÃÃo, agora sofre profundas transformaÃÃes e essas, consequentemente, difundidas pelos novos discursos globalizados. E uma dessas transformaÃÃes serà feita pelo prÃprio discurso cientÃfico antropolÃgico. / With the promulgation of the 1988âs Federal Constitution in Brazil, the spaces for civilian societyâs participation in the implementation of public policies had increased substantially. Various minority sectors of the Brazilian society, like indians, women, homossexuals etc. took the streets to claim for their rights. One of this groups who claim their black identity and ancestry was the communities of descendants of former Brazilian slaves. Therefore, the thesis presents its object in the elaboration of an Anthropological Report. This piece is a part of the production in Tecnichal Reports of Identification and Delimitation (RTID). This document is used for the land regularization of the communitary territories of remaining quilombos. The work discusses about the formation of identity and the quilombola territorry starting with the elaboration of the anthropological report and discourse in these communities, implemented by the anthropologist as a social and cientifical praxis. The aim here is to comprehend by the concepts of social movement, civil society, identity, discourse and social-technical networks about how are produced quilombola groups as truths that can be recognized by the Brazilian State. In this discussion we observe that the anthropological report is actively produced by the means of representation. The thesis also approaches of the quilombola communitiesâ participation as colective subjects and active members in popular organizations of the civillian society. We will see that the quilombola subject, owner of an ex-slave identity, donât configurates itself as a illuminist idea of a well centered and unified individual. The identity that was always linked to the State-Nation perspective and now passes by profound transformations of the globalized discourses. One of this transformations will be made by the own scientifical discourse in anthropology.

Orientador: Carmen Zink Bolonhini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_JaneteSilvados_D.pdf: 892856 bytes, checksum: aa47fbd9ffcac593a203990cd08072e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este estudo analisa o discurso de sala de aula, a partir do ponto de vista da Análise do Discurso, com base em Pêcheux (1983; 1997; 2002) e Orlandi (1993; 1998; 1999), considerando, primordialmente, as noções de identidade, lugar social e assujeitamento. Como existem, aqui, outras questões análogas em jogo, tais como imaginário social, interdiscurso e ideologia, a pesquisa de outros analistas também será considerada. A análise envolve excertos, extraídos de gravações em fitas de áudio e vídeo, de dois professores de português, da região norte (Araguaína, Tocantins) e de documentos oficiais, preparados por um grupo de pesquisadores de diferentes partes do país. Tais documentos (GESTAR, PCN, RT-TO) oferecem orientações nacionais para professores de língua materna. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é comparar a imagem de professor que emerge dos documentos com a imagem que a pesquisadora (Pq) constrói dos dois participantes (P1, com três anos de experiência, e P2, com sete), a partir da comparação entre as diretrizes oficiais e a forma como conduzem suas aulas de leitura e de produção escrita. Os resultados mostram que, no contexto de sala de aula, existem dois tipos de assujeitamento: passivo e reflexivo, que têm, respectivamente, uma conotação negativa e positiva / Abstract: This study analyzes classroom discourse from the point of view of Discourse Analysis, as formulated by Pêcheux (1983; 1997; 2002) and Orlandi (1993; 1998; 1999), considering primarily the notions of identity, social position and subjectivation. Since there are other analogous issues in play here, such as social imaginary, interdiscourse and ideology, the work of other analysts will also be considered. The analysis comprises excerpts from audio and video recordings of two teachers of Portuguese, from the north of Brazil (Araguaína, Tocantins) and from official documents, prepared by a group of researchers from different parts of the country. Such documents (GESTAR, PCN, RTTO) provide national guidelines for teachers of Portuguese. The main goal of this work is to compare the teacher's image that emerges from the documents with the image that the researcher (Pq) captures of the two participants (P1, three years of experience, and P2, seven), by comparing the official guidelines with the way they conduct their reading and writing classes. The results show that, in the classroom context, there are two kinds of subjectivation: passive and reflexive, which have, respectively, a negative and a positive connotation / Doutorado / Lingua Materna / Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

This thesis focuses on critical analysis of the discourse on the Bohemian Forest National Park (BFNP) between 1991 and 2010. This large-size protected area has over the long term been the subject of highly critical debate among various participants including top political representatives, particularly as a result of several cases of massive disturbances of mature forest stands. Hence this discussion offers some very suitable material for an analysis aiming to help expose the links between regional subjects and general politics - and to demonstrate the relations between language and power. The introductory two chapters presenting the subject and a clarification of the position from which my critical analysis is to be performed is followed by a section describing the basic procedures and concepts defining the theoretical and methodological framework of the critical discourse analysis (CDA). This third chapter deals with the mutual relations between the initial CDA qualitative approach and the quantitative corpus approach, particularly in view of the issues surrounding the replicability of critical research. However, it also presents such key terms as discourse, critique, ideology, identity and intertextuality/interdiscursivity. The fourth chapter forms the analytical core of the work - made up of two...