Thesis (Ph. D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Robert J. Eger III, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Christopher M. Weible, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Gregory B. Lewis, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Monica M. Gaughan, Ph.D.; Committee Member: Valerie A. Hepburn, Ph.D.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-159). Also available on the World Wide Web.

The present research, consisting of two studies, was designed to examine the primary health care experiences of gay men in Australia and assess doctors? attitudes and training with regard to gay men and their health care. In the first study, 195 gay men were surveyed regarding their health issues and their primary health care experiences. The most important health concerns of gay men were stress and depression followed by HIV/AIDS, body image disorder and other sexually transmissible infections. Including those participants who were unsure, approximately one-half reported experiencing homophobia and almost one?quarter reported experiencing discrimination in the provision of health care. Despite this, respondents were generally satisfied with their primary health care, although respondents felt that all GPs should receive additional undergraduate medical education regarding gay men?s health. In the second study, 25 doctors (13 gay specialists and 12 non-gay specialists) were surveyed regarding their knowledge of gay men?s health and their comfort working with gay men. Non-gay specialist GPs were less comfortable treating gay men, reported poorer communication and were more homophobic than their gay specialist counterparts. Further, doctors perceived their medical education regarding gay men?s health has been inadequate. Together, the results of the two current studies suggest that disclosure of sexuality is an important issue for both gay men and doctors, and has the potential to impact on the quality of health care that gay men receive. In order to improve the level of disclosure, the pervasiveness of homophobia and discrimination in primary health care must be reduced. Finally, the results indicate that medical education must be updated to reflect current knowledge regarding the health issues of gay men. Failure to address these issues will condemn gay men to continued health inequality.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--RAND Graduate School, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences degree, Administrative Pharmacy option." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 66-70.

Thesis (M.A. (Health Social Science))--Mahidol University, 2007. / LICL has E-Thesis 0024 ; please contact computer services.

Discrimination is not only a human and civil rights offense, but also a detrimental influence on the health outcomes of affected populations. The Muslim population in the United States is a growing religious minority increasingly encountered by health care professionals in the clinical setting. This group has been subject to heightened discrimination since the tragic events of September 11, 2001 and often is misunderstood within the context of American society today. While research has been conducted on discrimination against Muslims in the employment and educational segments of society, more studies are needed which quantify the extent and type of discrimination faced by this group in the health care setting. This inquiry focused on the crossover of anti-Muslim discrimination from society to the health care setting. A newly developed tool to measure anti-Muslim discrimination in health care and an established perceived discrimination scale were used to create the questionnaire employed in this investigation. The items of this newly created tool addressed culturally congruent care practices based on the principles of cultural safety within the nurse-patient relationship and the cultural care beliefs of the Muslim patient/family to ascertain discriminatory occurrences in the health care setting. Ray’s (2010) transcultural caring dynamics in nursing and health care model served as a framework for this quantitative, univariate, descriptive, cross-sectional design. Findings revealed that nearly one-third of Muslim subjects perceived they were discriminated against in the health care setting in the United States. Being excluded or ignored was the most frequently conveyed type of discrimination, followed by problems related to the use of Muslim clothing; offensive or insensitive verbal remarks; and problems related to Islamic holidays, prayer rituals, and physical assault, respectively. Age was positively correlated with perceived anti-Muslim discrimination in society. Education was negatively correlated with perceived discrimination in both society and the health care setting. Findings revealed that three out of five of those surveyed reported that they wear Muslim clothing; the most frequently reported of which was the hijab, the most popular Muslim garment reported to be worn. Participants who wore Muslim clothing, especially females, reported more anti-Muslim discrimination than those who did not. Scores for self-reported perceived anti-Muslim discrimination were found to be higher after the Boston Marathon bombings, April 15, 2013, an act perpetrated by Muslims, which occurred during the time of data collection. The number one Muslim care preference reported was same sex caregiver followed by respect for modesty, prayer rituals, respect for privacy, family involvement in care, and dietary concerns. Implications for practice, policy, education, political science, and recommendations for further research are discussed. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013.

Adults over the age of 65 are at increased risk for influenza and pneumococcal infections; particularly those residing in nursing homes (NHs). Despite the efficacy of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, vaccination receipt rates among NH residents remain well below federal recommendations and racial/ethnic disparities exist. Minority NH residents (non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics) are less likely to be offered either vaccination and are more likely to refuse them compared to their non-minority counterparts (non-Hispanic Whites). In the past decade, requirements have been implemented to increase vaccination coverage in NHs, but there is little documentation regarding current racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination receipt. Furthermore, activities important to resident care delivery and the prevention of care deficiencies such as infections are primarily dependent on the care provided by certified nursing assistants (CNAs). For these reasons, current research examining racial/ethnic disparities in vaccination receipt in NHs is needed and more attention directed towards CNAs is necessary to improve resident care delivery and outcomes related to infection prevention and control. This dissertation furthers our understanding of racial/ethnic disparities in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage among minority NH residents and the role racial/ethnic diverse CNAs play in infection prevention and control. Chapter One introduces the problem of health disparities in nursing homes (NHs) related to differences in preventative vaccination receipt by racial/ethnic status and the role CNAs play in infection prevention and control. Chapter Two, an integrative literature review on racial/ethnic disparities in NHs, describes racial/ethnic disparities occurring in the NH setting in the context of infection prevention and control and influenza and pneumococcal vaccination receipt along with contributing factors and existing strategies related to policy that have been implemented to address poor care quality. In Chapter Three, facility-level factors related to the CNA’s role and the barriers and facilitators they experience that contribute to infection prevention and control are discussed. In Chapter Four, a systematic review of previous research on racial/ethnic disparities related to influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in NHs, individual, community, and facility-level factors that determine these disparities in influenza and pneumococcal vaccination receipt, along with associated strategies and practices are discussed. In Chapter Five, a national quantitative analysis of vaccination receipt practices (vaccination administered) and reasons for vaccination non-receipt (i.e., not offered versus refused) are presented. The results of this dissertation will inform clinicians and NH administrators as well as future policy and public health interventions and provide evidence needed to improve racial/ethnic minority health and eliminate health disparities.