Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia do ácido peracético ou peroxiacético (APA) a 0,2% na desinfecção de instrumentos contaminados pela microbiota oral. Uma coleta foi realizada com instrumento termolábil usado comumente em alguns procedimentos odontológicos. A coleta foi realizada em quatro sítios da cavidade oral: mucosa jugal (lados direito e esquerdo), palato duro e dorso da língua em trinta pacientes, com quatro instrumentos diferentes para cada local. Cada um dos quatro instrumentos passou por quatro tratamentos diferentes, sendo divididos em quatro grupos: A (sem nenhum tratamento), B (tratamento com APA), C (lavagem com água e detergente) e D (lavagem com água e detergente e tratamento com APA). Após os tratamentos, cada instrumento foi colocado em solução salina estéril para extração dos microrganismos. Diluições da solução salina foram colocadas em placas de Petri contendo meio ágar caseína de soja ou ágar Sabouraud dextrose e incubadas de modo a favorecer, respectivamente, a anaerobiose e aerobiose ou o crescimento de bolores e leveduras. Foi realizada a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC) e aplicados o teste ANOVA e o Teorema de Bonferroni para todas as culturas separadamente e conjuntamente para toda a microbiota oral Concluiu-se que o APA foi eficaz na desinfecção desses instrumentos. / This research was realized to evaluate of the of peracetic or peroxiacetic acid (PAA), at 0,2%, efficacy in the disinfection of instruments contaminated by oral microbiota. A collect was realized with heat sensitive instruments used commonly in some procedures in Dentistry in four sites of the oral cavity: buccal mucosa (left and right sides), hard palate and tongue\'s dorsum from thirty patients using four instruments for each site. Each instrument was treated by different methods, and was divided in four groups: A (without any treatment), B (with APA treatment), C (washed by detergent and water) and D (washed by detergent and water and followed by APA treatment). After each treatment, the instruments were put in a sterile salt solution to extract the microorganism. Dilutions of this salt solution were put on Petri plaques with Tryptic soy agar or Sabouraud dextrose Agar and incubated to favor the respective anaerobiosis and aerobiosis or the growing of moulds and yeasts. The units were counted by colonies (CFU) and introduced the ANOVA test and the Theorem of Bonferroni to every separated culture and every oral microbiota. It was concluded that the APA was efficient on the disinfection of the tools instruments.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mayara Scur.pdf: 968967 bytes, checksum: f336e15f1077c09648e11d7dea343c1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The constant search for natural antimicrobial products in substitution of synthetics, has increased in recent decades, mainly due to the indiscriminate use of conventional synthetic antimicrobials, resulting in the selection of resistant micro-organisms. In addition, there is a requirement of a share of consumers who demand products that do not harm the environment. Therewith, biodegradable disinfectants, plant extracts and essential oils are highlighted in studies that aim to control pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of commercial disinfectants (emphasizing biodegradable), but also evaluate plant extracts and essential oil of Psidium cattleianum regarding potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical characterization of them. To do so, disinfectants against strains of Salmonella, isolated from poultry environment, were tested, while plant extracts and essential oil using the broth microdilution methodology against standard strains. Regarding disinfectants, organic acid, peracetic acid, glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium were the most effective against Salmonella serotypes in the absence of organic matter, while the organic acids showed the best performance in the presence of organic matter. As to the phytochemical study of P. cattleianum, flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins in aqueous and ethanolic were found in the aqueous plant extract, while the essential oil presented as the major compounds α-copaene, eucalyptol, δ-cadinene and α-selinene respectively. Regarding antimicrobial activity, microorganisms have proved susceptible when evaluated against aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts, also to the essential oil (although this on higher concentration), demonstrating its antimicrobial potential of P. cattleianum. For antioxidant activity, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts had significant values comparable to synthetic antioxidants, while the essential oil showed no antioxidant activity / A constante busca por produtos antimicrobianos naturais em substituição aos produtos sintéticos tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, devido a principalmente o uso indiscriminado dos antimicrobianos sintéticos convencionais, acarretando na seleção de micro-organismos resistentes. Além disso, existe uma exigência de uma parcela dos consumidores que almejam produtos que não prejudiquem o meio ambiente. Com isso, os desinfetantes biodegradáveis, extratos vegetais e óleos essenciais ganham destaque em pesquisas que visem o controle de patógenos. Para tanto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de desinfetantes comerciais (enfatizando-se os biodegradáveis), como também avaliar extratos vegetais e óleo essencial de Psidium cattleianum quanto ao potencial antimicrobiano, antioxidante e caracterização fitoquímica dos mesmos. Para tanto, os desinfetantes foram testados frente a cepas de Salmonella isoladas do ambiente avícola, enquanto os extratos vegetais e óleo essencial utilizando-se a metodologia de microdiluição em caldo frente a cepas padrão. Quanto aos desinfetantes, os ácidos orgânicos, ácido peracético, glutaraldeído e amônia quaternária foram os mais eficazes frente aos sorotipos de Salmonella na ausência de matéria orgânica, enquanto os ácidos orgânicos apresentou o melhor desempenho na presença de matéria orgânica. Quanto ao estudo fitoquímico de P. cattleianum, foram encontradas a presença de flavonóides, terpenóides e taninos nos extratos vegetais aquoso e etanolico, enquanto o óleo essencial apresentou como compostos majoritários o α-copaene, eucaliptol, δ-cadinene e α-selinene, respectivamente. Em relação à atividade antimicrobiana, os micro-organismos se mostraram suscetíveis quando avaliados frente aos extratos vegetais aquoso e etanólico, assim como frente ao óleo essencial (embora este em maior concentração), demonstrando potencial antimicrobiano da P. cattleianum. Quanto à atividade antioxidante, os extratos etanólico e aquoso expressaram valores significativos comparáveis a antioxidantes sintéticos, enquanto o óleo essencial não apresentou atividade antioxidante

Bibliography: leaves 263-270.

Chloramine is a widely used alternative disinfectant for chlorine in potable distribution water. This alternative was investigated and employed to show its effect for suppressing coliforms, trihalomethanes(THMs), disinfection by-products (DBPs), and corrosivity.Coliform analyses were performed with m-Endo(total coliform) and m-T7 agar(injured coliform) by using a standard Membrane Filtration method. Heterotrophic bacteria were monitored with HPC agar(PCA) and R2A agar (nutrient limited agar). EPA methods 502.2, 524.2, and 504 were used to determine levels of Trihalomethanes(THMs) and Disinfection by-products(DBPs).In our study, we observed no significant differences in coliform counts, that could be attributed to the switch in disinfectant. The most common coliform identified was Enterobacter cloacae. We also noted that m-T7 performed better than m-Endo in the detection of coliforms. We also observed a low level of corrosion (0.4-3.8 mils/year) in the distribution system (DS). Higher counts of heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated on R2A when compared to HPC. DBP values decreased two fold when compared with DBP values for the two previous years during which chlorine was used as the disinfectant. / Department of Biology

Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are widely used, broad-spectrum disinfectants and frequently detected in the environment, even at toxic levels for life. Since such disinfectants can induce broad resistance capabilities, BACs may fuel the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the environment. A substantial body of literature has reported that exposure to BACs causes antibiotic resistance; yet, other studies suggest that the resistance linkage is rare, unsystematic, and/or clinically insignificant. Accordingly, whether or not disinfectant exposure mediates antibiotic resistance and, if so, what molecular mechanisms underlie the resistance link remains to be clearly elucidated. Further, understanding how microbial communities degrade BACs is important not only for alleviating the possible occurrence of antibiotic resistance but also reducing the potential risks to environmental and public health. An integrated strategy that combines metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, genetics, and traditional culture-dependent approaches was employed to provide novel insights into these issues. The integrative approach showed that a microbial community exposed to BACs can acquire antibiotic resistance through two mechanisms: i) horizontal transfer of previously uncharacterized efflux pump genes conferring resistance to BACs and antibiotics, which were encoded on a conjugative plasmid and co-selected together upon BACs and ii) selective enrichment of intrinsically multi-drug resistant organisms. Further, a microbial community adapts to BAC exposure via a variety of mechanisms, including selective enrichment of BAC-degrading species and amino acid substitutions and horizontal transfer of genes related to BAC resistance and degradation. The metatranscriptomic data suggests that the BAC-adapted microbial community metabolized BACs by cooperative interactions among its members. More specifically, Pseudomonas nitroreducens cleaved (i.e., dealkylated) BACs, metabolized the alkyl chain (the dealkylated product of BACs), and released benzyldimethylamine (the other product of BACs), which was further metabolized by other community members (e.g., Pseudomonas putida). Collectively, this study demonstrates the role of BACs in promoting antibiotic resistance and advances current understanding of a microbial community degrading BACs. The results of this work have important implications for (appropriate) usage of disinfectants and for assessing, predicting, and optimizing biological engineering processes treating BAC-bearing waste streams.

Cryptosporidium parvum is an obligatory intracellular parasitic protist that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. Cryptosporidiosis is an infection for which no satisfactory efficient curative treatment is known, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, the parasite oocysts show considerable tenacity in the environment. Therefore, new potent drugs along with a simple and reliable experimental model for evaluation of anticryptosporidial measures are urgently needed. The present studies were undertaken to establish a combined cell culture and quantitative PCR assay (cc-qPCR) to assess efficacy of pharmacological compounds against C. parvum. Human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8) were selected for culture of C. parvum. Oocysts were excysted directly on confluent monolayers for infection. After 3 h of incubation the non invasive parasite remains were removed by washing. At the end of the incubation period the cells were harvested and subjected to DNA extraction. Real time PCR was performed to quantify the target parasite DNA (fragments of 70 kDa heat shock protein gene) copy numbers. Each reaction was run in triplicate. A standard curve calculated on the basis of serial dilutions of plasmid DNA or infected control culture DNA was run in each experiment. A series of oocyst suspensions were applied to cell cultures to determine the sensitivity of the cc-qPCR assay and also to generate a calibration curve to calculate the infectivity of oocysts. A dilution series of heat inactivated oocysts (70°C for 1 h) were used to determine the size of the oocyst inoculum at which complete elimination of extracellular parasite material by washing is reliably achieved. The results obtained by the assays were reproducible and the method sensitive with a detection limit of infection with 10 oocysts 48 h post infection (p.i.) and with 100 oocysts 24 h p.i. Percent effects of drugs and disinfectants were enumerated by comparing DNA copies between treated and non treated samples. The suitability of cc-qPCR for screening of pharmacological compounds was validated by confirming the in vitro efficacy of monensin (98.15% ± 1.09 at 0.144 µM) and halofuginone (98.05% ± 0.59 at 25 µM) over the entire incubation period with a dose dependent reduction of parasite multiplication demonstrated 27 h p.i. The inhibition of parasite proliferation by 0.144 µM monensin in the period from 3 h p.i (time defined to represent the initial level of parasite development before drug application) to 27 h p.i. or 45 h p.i. was 97 and 99% respectively, and by 25 µM halofuginone 99% (27 h p.i.). Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine), a new anti-leishmanial compound, was tested against cryptosporidia and provided a maximum of 98% reduction of parasite multiplication at 45 h p.i. The potential activity of curcumin (extract from the herb Curcuma longa) against C. parvum was also evaluated by cc-qPCR. Curcumin appeared to be sensitive to degradation after prolonged incubation and the observed inhibition of multiplication of C. parvum was significantly increased when medium was replaced by fresh medicated medium after 12 h of exposure. The effects on parasite multiplication (>95% inhibition with IC50 value of 13 µM) and on sporozoite invasion (assessed 3 h p.i.; 65% inhibition at 200 µM) suggest that further exploration of anticryptosporidial efficacy of curcumin may be rewarding. The cc-qPCR was further optimized to analyse inactivation measures directed against oocysts of C. parvum. The suitability of the assay for assessment of inactivation measures was confirmed by the reproducible demonstration of effectiveness of cresolic disinfectants at the recommended concentration of 4% and incubation period of 2 h (Neopredisan® 135-1, Menno Chemie, Norderstedt, Germany: 99.91% ± 0.08; Aldecoc® TGE, EWABO Chemikalien GmbH & Co. KG, Wietmarschen, Germany: 99.91± 0.05) and by using thermally inactivated oocysts (complete inactivation by 56°C and 70°C for 20 min). Based on the in vitro results and previously obtained data from the chicken infection model 99.5% inactivation is proposed as a suitable threshold value that needs to be consistently exceeded by a product to be considered efficient. Application of Neopredisan® 135- 1 and Aldecoc® TGE (4% for 2h) consistently inactivated more than 99.5% of oocysts while other disinfectants that are not certified as anticoccidial products like Aldecoc® XD (EWABO Chemikalien GmbH & Co. KG, Wietmarschen, Germany) and IGAVET® FF spezial (COS OHLSEN Chemie & Gerätevertrieb GmbH, Geltorf-Esprehm, Germany) and bleach (sodium hypochlorite) did not. It can be concluded that the cc-qPCR method is suited to easily and reliably assess anticryptosporidials in vitro. The method demonstrated that miltefosine and curcumin display anticryptosporidial efficacy under the applied conditions. The cc-qPCR is a highly standardized method supposedly appropriate to replace the chicken infection model for Eimeria tenella as currently practised for certification of anticoccidial disinfectants according to the guidelines of DVG (German Veterinary Society).

Thesis (M.S. - Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences)--University of Arizona. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-111)

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-31).

Submitted by Melissa Santiloni Montanha Ramos (melsantiloni@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-10-31T12:02:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FINAL DISSERT.pdf: 1201639 bytes, checksum: 6c65402daac43234ca45c5cf3534b78b (MD5) / Rejected by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: problema 1: Financiamento recebido No formulário de submissão consta a FAPESP como agência financiadora do seu projeto mas, no arquivo submetido, não localizei um agradecimento a esta. Caso tenha recebido o apoio favor incluí-la nos agradecimentos, informando também o número de processo. Lembrando que esse agradecimento é uma exigência das agências de fomento, em especial da FAPESP. Assim que tiver efetuado a correção submeta o arquivo, em formato PDF, novamente. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-10-31T14:28:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by Melissa Santiloni Montanha Ramos (melsantiloni@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-11-14T00:09:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 repositorio.pdf: 1201718 bytes, checksum: 3e156114145adaf97a008a17d305b960 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-11-19T12:42:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_msm_me_bot.pdf: 1201718 bytes, checksum: 3e156114145adaf97a008a17d305b960 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-19T12:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_msm_me_bot.pdf: 1201718 bytes, checksum: 3e156114145adaf97a008a17d305b960 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / No contexto da prática assistencial hospitalar, percebe-se a despreocupação de se escolher o método de descontaminação, conforme o potencial de risco do material (não-crítico, semicrítico, crítico) em disseminar patógenos e, consequentemente, infecções cruzadas, empregado em cuidados de higiene de pacientes acamados. A contento, indiscriminadamente, bacias de banho têm sido submetidas à desinfecção de baixo nível, com álcool 70% p/v, aplicado por toda extensão por 30 segundos, após limpeza manual com água corrente e detergente neutro seguida de secagem. Contudo, há literatura recomendando para procedimentos de desinfecção intermediários e de baixo nível em superfícies lisas que o tempo de exposição ao álcool etílico ou isopropílico seja ≥ 60 segundos, nas concentrações de 60 a 90% p/v. Objetivo geral. Avaliar a eficácia do álcool 80% p/v, aplicado por 30 e 60 segundos, no processamento manual de bacias de banho inoxidáveis, após limpeza com água corrente e detergente neutro. Método. Estudo experimental randomizado, com delineamento anterior-posterior, unicego, realizado em centro único (Hospital Público do Estado de São Paulo), em unidade de internação, com média de 150 banhos mensais. Com poder de 80% e confiabilidade de 95%, estimou-se amostra mínima de 50 bacias igualmente distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 25 no grupo 30s e 25 no grupo 60s, utilizando-se teste de proporções pareado (dois momentos). Testes microbiológicos antes e após às intervenções foram realizados para os dois grupos. O grupo 30s passou pela intervenção após esfregaço do álcool 80% p/v por 30 segundos e no grupo 60s por esfregaço do mesmo desinfetante por 60 segundos, conforme procedimento operacional padrão proposto. Resultados. Verificou-se eficácia relativa do álcool etílico 80% p/v na descontaminação manual no reuso de bacias de banho inoxidáveis, mesmo elevada de 60% para 64%, quando ampliado o tempo de aplicação de 30 para 60 segundos, após submetê-las à limpeza com água corrente e detergente neutro. Apesar de redução considerável de microrganismos hospitalares, após esfregaço de 30s (5,8 vezes), quanto no de 60s (8,3 vezes), a ação do desinfetante não foi suficiente para descontaminar 36% das bacias, elevando-se para 44% quando o tempo de intervenção foi 30s. Observou-se em ambos grupos maior prevalência de sobrevida de bactérias gram-negativas não fermentadoras, com destaque à Pseudomonas aeruginosa que, apesar de não apresentarem resistência múltipla, 14 cepas foram resistentes à carbapenases, sendo 11 ao imepenen e três ao meropenen. Conclusões. Bacias de banho no leito inoxidáveis descontaminadas para reuso com álcool 80% p/v após limpeza com água corrente e detergente neutro apresentam risco de infecção para pacientes, podendo desempenhar papel de fômites, incluindo cepas importantes para a vigilância, como possíveis produtoras de espectro estendido-beta lactamase (ESBL) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), Enterococcus Resistente à Vancomicina (VRE) e multirresistentes (resistente a um ou mais antimicrobianos de três ou mais classes). Produto. Relatório final de pesquisa enviado à Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) brasileira e à Comissão de Controle de Infecção Relacionada à Assistência à Saúde (CCIRAS) local, recomendando bacias de banho inoxidáveis reusáveis como materiais semicríticos, demandando desinfecção de alto nível ou substitui-las por banho no leito descartável. ABSTRACT Introduction. In the hospital care practice context, the lack of concern for choosing the decontamination method, according to the risk potential of the material (non-critical, semi critical, critical) in disseminating pathogens and, consequently, cross-infection, used in hygiene of bedridden patients. Indiscriminately, bath bowls have been subjected to low level disinfection with 70% w/v alcohol, applied for 30 seconds at all times, after manual cleaning with running water and neutral detergent followed by drying. However, there is a literature recommending for intermediate and low-level disinfection procedures on smooth surfaces that the time of exposure to ethyl or isopropyl alcohol is ≥60 seconds at concentrations of 60 to 90% w/v. General objective. To evaluate the efficacy of 80% w / v alcohol, applied for 30 and 60 seconds, in the manual processing of stainless bath bowls, after cleaning. General objective. To evaluate the efficacy of 80% w/v alcohol, applied for 30 and 60 seconds, in the manual processing of stainless bath bowls, after cleaning with running water and neutral detergent. Method. A randomized experimental study, with an anterior-posterior design, single-blind, performed in a single center (Public Hospital of the State of São Paulo), in an inpatient unit, with an average of 150 monthly baths. With 80% power and 95% reliability, a minimum sample of 50 basins was randomly distributed in two groups: 25 in the 30s group and 25 in the 60s group, using a paired proportions test (two moments). Microbiological tests before and after the interventions were performed for both groups. The 30s group underwent the intervention after 80% w/v alcohol smear for 30 seconds and in the 60s group by smearing the same disinfectant for 60 seconds, according to the proposed standard operating procedure. Results. Relative efficacy of 80% w/v ethyl alcohol in manual decontamination in the reuse of stainless bath basins, even from 60% to 64%, was verified when the application time was extended from 30 to 60 seconds, after subjecting them to cleaning with running water and neutral detergent. Despite a considerable reduction of hospital microorganisms, after 30s (5.8 times) and 60s (8.3 times) smear, the action of the disinfectant was not sufficient to decontaminate 36% of the basins, rising to 44% when the intervention time was 30s. A higher prevalence of non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria was observed in both groups, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which, despite not having multiple resistance, 14 strains were resistant to carbapenases, 11 being imepenen and 3 being meropenen. Conclusions. 80% w / v alcohol reuse baths after cleaning with running water and neutral detergent present a risk of infection for patients, and may play a role of fomites, including strains important for surveillance, as possible producers of extended spectrum (ESBL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and multiresistant (resistant to one or more antimicrobials of three or more classes). Product. Final research report sent to the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the local Health Care-Related Infection Control Commission (CCIRAS), recommending reusable stainless bath basins as semi-critical materials, requiring high level disinfection or replacing them, by bathing them in the disposable bed. / Introduction. In the hospital care practice context, the lack of concern for choosing the decontamination method, according to the risk potential of the material (non-critical, semi critical, critical) in disseminating pathogens and, consequently, cross-infection, used in hygiene of bedridden patients. Indiscriminately, bath bowls have been subjected to low level disinfection with 70% w/v alcohol, applied for 30 seconds at all times, after manual cleaning with running water and neutral detergent followed by drying. However, there is a literature recommending for intermediate and low-level disinfection procedures on smooth surfaces that the time of exposure to ethyl or isopropyl alcohol is ≥60 seconds at concentrations of 60 to 90% w/v. General objective. To evaluate the efficacy of 80% w / v alcohol, applied for 30 and 60 seconds, in the manual processing of stainless bath bowls, after cleaning. General objective. To evaluate the efficacy of 80% w/v alcohol, applied for 30 and 60 seconds, in the manual processing of stainless bath bowls, after cleaning with running water and neutral detergent. Method. A randomized experimental study, with an anterior-posterior design, single-blind, performed in a single center (Public Hospital of the State of São Paulo), in an inpatient unit, with an average of 150 monthly baths. With 80% power and 95% reliability, a minimum sample of 50 basins was randomly distributed in two groups: 25 in the 30s group and 25 in the 60s group, using a paired proportions test (two moments). Microbiological tests before and after the interventions were performed for both groups. The 30s group underwent the intervention after 80% w/v alcohol smear for 30 seconds and in the 60s group by smearing the same disinfectant for 60 seconds, according to the proposed standard operating procedure. Results. Relative efficacy of 80% w/v ethyl alcohol in manual decontamination in the reuse of stainless bath basins, even from 60% to 64%, was verified when the application time was extended from 30 to 60 seconds, after subjecting them to cleaning with running water and neutral detergent. Despite a considerable reduction of hospital microorganisms, after 30s (5.8 times) and 60s (8.3 times) smear, the action of the disinfectant was not sufficient to decontaminate 36% of the basins, rising to 44% when the intervention time was 30s. A higher prevalence of non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria was observed in both groups, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which, despite not having multiple resistance, 14 strains were resistant to carbapenases, 11 being imepenen and 3 being meropenen. Conclusions. 80% w / v alcohol reuse baths after cleaning with running water and neutral detergent present a risk of infection for patients, and may play a role of fomites, including strains important for surveillance, as possible producers of extended spectrum (ESBL) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and multiresistant (resistant to one or more antimicrobials of three or more classes). Product. Final research report sent to the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the local Health Care-Related Infection Control Commission (CCIRAS), recommending reusable stainless bath basins as semi-critical materials, requiring high level disinfection or replacing them, by bathing them in the disposable bed. / FAPESP: 2426902

Este estudo clínico-laboratorial identificou as espécies de Candida do palato e prótese de indivíduos desdentados totais com estomatite relacionada à prótese (ERP) e avaliou o efeito de soluções desinfetantes para higiene de próteses totais sobre Candida spp.. Sessenta participantes foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 04 grupos paralelos (n=15); orientados a escovar as próteses e o palato 3 vezes ao dia e imergi-las nas soluções salina (C controle), Hipoclorito de sódio a 0,25% (HS0,25%), Ricinus communis a 10% (RC10%) ou Cloramina T a 0,5% (CT0,5%) por 20 minutos. Amostras de biofilme foram coletadas da prótese e palato no Baseline, após 7 e 37 dias do uso das soluções e semeadas em meio CHROMagar Candida. Após período de incubação foi realizada a identificação presuntiva, verificação da incidência e quantificação de crescimento das espécies de Candida (contagem de UFC). Cepas ATCC das espécies mais incidentes clinicamente foram avaliadas no estudo laboratorial. Biofilmes de C. albicans, C. tropicalis e C. glabrata foram formados sobre espécimes em resina acrílica termopolimerizável e imersos nas soluções por 20 minutos. Água destilada foi utilizada como controle. As variáveis de resposta foram crescimento de colônias (contagem de UFC), metabolismo celular (método de XTT), produção de enzimas hidrolíticas (kits específicos), formação de hifas (contagem de células em câmara de Newbauer) e quantificação de células vivas (microscopia de epifluorescência). A capacidade de remoção de biofilme pelas soluções também foi avaliada por meio de microscopia de epifluorescência. Para o estudo clínico, análises descritivas foram utilizadas para interpretação dos dados quanto às características sociodemográficas da amostra, identificação e incidência das Candida spp. Os resultados de crescimento celular (UFC) foram analisados pelos Testes Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. Para o estudo laboratorial, os resultados foram analisados por teste Anova (One-way) e Tukey (capacidade de crescimento e metabolismo celular de C. albicans e C. tropicalis), teste de Kruskal-Wallis (metabolismo celular de C. glabrata; produção de enzimas hidrolíticas; formação de hifas; capacidade de remoção de biofilme) e teste de Wilcoxon (comparação entre quantidade de biofilme vivo e biofilme total). Empregou-se um nível de confiança de 95% (α= 0,05). As espécies mais incidentes foram C. albicans, seguida de C. tropicalis, C. glabrata e C. krusei. O HS 0,25% reduziu a incidência das três espécies na prótese e palato nos períodos de 7 e 37 dias; o CT 0,5% promoveu redução de Candida spp. somente nas próteses totais. O R. communis diminuiu a incidência de C. tropicalis em ambos os sítios de coleta. Para contagem de UFC, o HS 0,25% e CT 0,5% causaram redução significativa para cepas clínicas e ATCC. O R. communis, in vitro, reduziu a quantidade de UFC de C. glabrata. O HS 0,25% obteve os melhores valores contra atividade metabólica, formação de hifas, manutenção de células vivas e remoção do biofilme das espécies de Candida. As soluções de RC 10% e CT 0,5% causaram diminuição da atividade metabólica. Não houve diferença significante na produção de proteinase por C. albicans e C. tropicalis após exposição às diferentes soluções desinfetantes, com exceção da C. glabrata, em que todas as soluções causaram aumento significativo da produção desta enzima. As soluções não influenciaram a produção de fosfolipase. A CT 0,5% e RC 10% apresentaram resultados intermediários para manutenção de células vivas. A Cloramina T foi mais eficiente que o R. communis para remoção do biofilme de C. albicans e C. tropicalis e menos eficiente para remoção de biofilme de C. glabrata. As soluções de Hipoclorito de sódio a 0,25% e Cloramina T a 0,5% apresentaram os melhores resultados como solução de imersão frente às variáveis estudadas, podendo ser indicadas para uso clínico como desinfetantes para próteses totais. / This clinical-laboratory study identified the Candida species from the palate and complete dentures of edentulous individuals with prosthesis-related stomatitis (PRS) and evaluated the effect of disinfectant solutions for denture hygiene on Candida spp. Sixty participants were randomly assigned in 04 parallel groups (n = 15); They were oriented to brush their prostheses and the palate 3 times a day and immerse them in saline solution (C-control), 0.25% Sodium hypochlorite (HS0.25%), 10% Ricinus communis (RC10%) or 0.5% Chloramine T (CT 0.5%) for 20 minutes. Biofilm samples were collected from the prosthesis and palate in the baseline, after 7 and 37 days of use of the solutions and seeded in CHROMagar Candida medium. After incubation period, the presumptive identification, incidence verification and quantification of Candida species growth (CFU count) were performed. ATCC strains of the most clinically incident species were evaluated in the laboratory study. C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata biofilms were formed on heatpolymerised acrylic resin specimens and immersed in the solutions for 20 minutes. Distilled water was used as control. The response variables were colony growth (UFC count), cell metabolism (XTT method), production of hidrolytic enzymes (specific kits), formation of hyphae (counting cells in Newbauer\'s chamber) and quantification of live cells (epifluorescence microscopy). The ability of biofilm removal by the solutions was also evaluated by means of epifluorescence microscopy. For the clinical study, descriptive analyzes were used to interpret the data regarding the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample, identification and incidence of Candida spp. The cell growth results (CFU) were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. For the laboratorial study, the results were analyzed by the Anova (One-way) and Tukey test (growth capacity and cellular metabolism of C. albicans and C. tropicalis), Kruskal-Wallis test (cellular metabolism of C. glabrata; hidrolytic enzymes production; formation of hyphae; ability to remove biofilm) and Wilcoxon\'s test (comparison of the amount of live biofilm and total biofilm). A confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05) was used. The most incident species were C. albicans, followed by C. tropicalis, C. glabrata and C. krusei. HS 0.25% reduced the incidence of the three species on the prosthesis and palate in the periods of 7 and 37 days; CT 0.5% promoted reduction of Candida spp. only in dentures. R. communis decreased the incidence of C. tropicalis in both collection sites. For CFU counts, HS 0.25% and CT 0.5% caused significant reduction for clinical strains and ATCC. R. communis, in vitro, reduced the amount of CFU of C. glabrata. The HS 0.25% obtained the best values compared to the metabolic activity, hyphae formation, maintenance of living cells and removal of the biofilm of Candida species. The solutions of RC 10% and CT 0.5% caused the decrease in the metabolic activity. There was no significant difference in proteinase production by C. albicans and C. tropicalis after exposure to different disinfectant solutions, except C. glabrata, in which all solutions caused a significant increase in the production of this enzyme. The solutions did not influence phospholipase production. A CT 0.5% and RC 10% presented intermediate results for the maintenance of living cells. Chloramine T was more efficient than R. communis for biofilm removal from C. albicans and C. tropicalis; and less efficient for biofilm removal from C. glabrata. The solutions of 0.25% Sodium Hypochlorite and 0.5% Chloramine T presented the best results as immersion solution compared to the studied variables and can be prescribed for clinical use as disinfectants for total dentures.