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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

The effects of hydrogen on slip and twinning in pure titanium single crystals /

Fu, John Wei January 1975 (has links)
No description available.
32

Simulations massives de Dynamique des Dislocations : fiabilité et performances sur architectures parallèles et distribuées. / Large scale Dislocation Dynamics simulations : performance and reliability on parallel and distributed architectures.

Durocher, Arnaud 19 December 2018 (has links)
La Dynamique des Dislocations modélise le comportement de défauts linéiques - les dislocations - présents dans la structure des matériaux cristallins. Il s'agit d'un maillon essentiel de la modélisation multi-échelles des matériaux utilisé par exemple dans l’industrie du nucléaire pour caractériser le comportement mécanique et le vieillissement des matériaux sous irradiation. La capacité des dislocations à se multiplier, s’annihiler et interagir pose de nombreux défis informatiques, notamment sur la manière de stocker et traiter de manière efficace les données de la simulation. L'objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à ces défis que posent les simulations massives de Dynamique des Dislocations dans un environnement parallèle et distribué au travers du logiciel Optidis. Dans cette thèse, je propose des améliorations au simulateur Optidis afin de permettre des simulations plus complexes en utilisant la puissance des super-calculateurs. Mes contributions sont axées sur l'amélioration de la fiabilité et de la performance d'Optidis. La mise en place d'une nouvelle interface d'accès aux données a permis de dissocier l'implémentation des algorithmes de l'optimisation des performances. Cette structure de données permet de meilleures performances tout en améliorant la maintenabilité du code, même lorsque les données sont distribuées. Un nouvel algorithme de gestion des collisions entre dislocations et de formation des jonctions fiable et performant a été mis en place. Des techniques de détection de collision empruntées aux application en temps réel et à la dynamique moléculaire sont utilisées pour accélérer le calcul. S’appuyant sur l’utilisation de la nouvelle structure de données et un traitement des collisions plus élaboré, il permet une gestion de collisions fiable et autorise l'utilisation de pas de temps plus grands. La précision du résultat a été étudiée en se comparant au code NUMODIS, et la performance d'Optidis a été mesurée sur des simulations massives contenant plusieurs millions de segments de dislocations en utilisant plusieurs centaines de cœurs de calcul, démontrant que de telles simulations sont réalisables en un temps raisonnable. / Dislocation dynamics simulations investigate the behavior of linear defects, called dislocations, in crystalline materials. It is an essential part multiscale modelling of the materials, used for instance in the nuclear industry to characterize the behavior and aging of materials under irradiation. The ability of dislocations to multiply, annihilate and interact presents many challenges, for instance in terms of storage and access to data. This thesis addresses some challenges of dislocation dynamics simulation on parallel and distributed computers. In this thesis, I improve the Optidis simulator to open the way to more complex simulations. My contributions focuses mainly on improving the reliability and performance of Optidis. A new interface to access simulation data is proposed to dissociate its implementation form the physical algorithms. This data structure allows better performance as well as better code maintainability, even with distributed data. A new fast and reliable collision detection and handling algorithm has been implemented. Collision detection techniques from the robotics and 3D animation industries are used to speedup the detection process. With the use of the new data structure and a more reliable design, this algorithm enables more precise collision handling and the use of a larger simulation timestep. The precision of the results have been measured by comparing Optidis to Numodis. The performance of the code has been studied on larger scale simulations with millions of segments and hundreds of CPU cores, demonstrating that such simulations can now be achieved.
33

Etude des défauts étendus induits par irradiation dans UO2 par microscopie électronique en transmission / Study of extended defects created under irradiation in UO2 using the transmission electron microscopy

Onofri, Claire 06 October 2016 (has links)
Lors de son irradiation en réacteur, le dioxyde d'uranium subit d'importantes modifications physico-chimiques (génération de bulles de gaz de fission, création de dislocations...). Le relâchement des gaz de fission est un critère important du point de vue de la sureté nucléaire, limitant le temps de vie du combustible en réacteur. Or, la croissance préférentielle des bulles localisées sur les défauts étendus a été mise en évidence expérimentalement. Le but de ce travail est donc d'étudier les dislocations induites par irradiation, afin d'améliorer la compréhension du comportement du combustible. Les objectifs sont de déterminer les caractéristiques des défauts étendus (vecteur de Burgers, plan d'habitat, nature interstitielle ou lacunaire), leurs mécanismes d'évolution (nucléation, grossissement), ainsi que l'influence de différents paramètres d'irradiation, tels que la fluence, la température et la présence d'atomes exogènes sur leur cinétique d'évolution. Pour ce faire, des études à effets séparés basées sur la réalisation d'irradiations aux ions (plateformes JANNuS d'Orsay et de Saclay) et de caractérisations in situ à différentes échelles comme des observations au Microscope Electronique en Transmission (CEMES, JANNuS Orsay), des mesures de Diffraction des Rayons X et de spectroscopie Raman, ont été mises en place. Enfin, la caractérisation du combustible irradié en réacteur réalisée à JRC-ITU, a révélé des défauts étendus très semblables à ceux induits par des irradiations aux ions, en termes de densité et de caractéristiques. / During in-reactor irradiation, several phenomena take place in the uranium dioxide fuel: fission gas bubbles and extended defects (dislocation loops and lines) generation, doping by fission products, etc. Fission gas release is an important nuclear safety issue and represent, among others, a limiting factor for the fuel lifetime in reactors. It has been shown experimentally that the extended defects are preferential growth sites for fission gas bubbles. Hence, the study of extended defects created under irradiation is a significant step to better understand the fuel behavior. The aims of this study are to determine the extended defect characteristics (Burgers vectors, habit planes, interstitial or vacancy nature), their evolution mechanisms and the effect of the different irradiation parameters, such as fluence, temperature and exogenous atoms, on the evolution kinetics. To do that, separated-effects studies have been performed using ion irradiations/implantations (JANNuS facilities in Orsay and in Saclay) followed by in situ TEM characterizations (CEMES, JANNuS Orsay), XRD and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Finally, the characterization of fuel irradiated in reactor performed at JRC-ITU, revealed that extended defects are very much closed to those induced by ion irradiations, in terms of density and characteristics.
34

Etude expérimentale et modélisation des microstructures de déformation plastique intragranulaires discrètes / Experimental study and modelling of the intra granular deformation microstructure

Perrin, Camille 29 October 2010 (has links)
L’amélioration des techniques de caractérisation (EBSD, MET, AFM) permet actuellement une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes plastiques intra-granulaires pour des poly-cristallin déformé. Les observations expérimentales montrent que les processus de plastification sont fortement hétérogènes et intermittent à l’intérieur des grains. Les modèles micromécaniques à champs moyens développés ces dernières décennies ne considèrent pas proprement les hétérogénéités intra-granulaires du glissement plastique. Or il est aujourd’hui démontré (simulations de Dynamique des Dislocations Discrètes par exemple) que la prise en compte de l’auto-organisation des dislocations à l’intérieur des grains est fondamentale pour mieux comprendre et expliquer les effets de taille de grains sur le comportement mécanique des polycristaux. Dans cette étude, deux approches complémentaires ont été développées : Une approche théorique qui consiste aux calculs des champs élastiques (contrainte interne et rotation de réseau) dus à une distribution discrète de boucles de dislocations contraintes par le joint de grains, et une approche expérimentale dont le but est de caractériser quantitativement les longueurs caractéristiques (espacements inter-bandes, et niveau de plasticification dans les bandes) pour des polycristaux à plusieurs tailles de grains se déformant plastiquement et de mesurer les rotations de réseau locales associées (mesure EBSD de désorientation de réseau cristallin) en vue de les comparer au champs de rotations élastiques calculés par le modèle. Le modèle a également été étendu pour permettre l’étude à des microstructures plus complexes, comme par exemple, les cellules de dislocations / The improvement of the materials characterization techniques in the last years has given access to new important information about the microstructure of polycrystalline metals. From experimental studies of deformed polycrystals, plastic strain within grains is known to be strongly heterogeneous and intermittent. As a consequence of the collective motion of dislocations, sample surfaces are indeed characterized by the presence of slip lines and slip bands (as slip traces). In the present study, a new micromechanical approach is developed to derive the mechanical fields (stresses, distortion, lattice curvature, elastic energy) arising from the presence of an inelastic strain field representing a typical internal "microstructure" as the one observed during the plastification of metallic polycrystals. This "microstructure" is due to the formation of discrete (spatial-temporal) intra-granular plastic slip heterogeneities which are modelled using discrete distributions of circular glide dislocation loops for a grain embedded in an infinite elastic matrix. Then, field equations have been solved using the method of Fourier Transforms. In contrast with the mean field approach based on the Eshelby formalism, it is then found that stress and lattice curvature fields are not more uniform inside the grain. A grain boundary layer actually appears where strong gradients occur and whose thickness depends on the introduced internal lengths. These results are compared with experimental measurements of local lattice rotation fields obtained by orientation imaging mapping (OIM). The model is able to capture different behaviours between near grain boundary regions and grain interior. The model was also develop to allow the study of more complex microstructures like the dislocation cells
35

The effect of dislocations on the linear response of elastic heterogeneous solids.

El Helbawi, Salah Ahmoud Hamdi. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
36

Modeling of the size effect in the plastic behavior of polycrystalline materials

Capolungo, Laurent 11 June 2007 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the study of the size effect in the elastic-viscoplastic response of pure face centered cubic polycrystalline materials. First, the effect of vacancy diffusion is studied via the use of a two-phase self-consistent scheme in which the inclusion phase represents grain interiors and the matrix phase represents grain boundaries. The behavior of the inclusion phase is driven by the activity of dislocations, described with typical strain hardening laws, and by the activity of Coble creep. The behavior of the matrix phase is modeled as elastic-perfect plastic. This model is then extended to account for the possible activity of Lifschitz sliding. The active role of grain boundaries to the viscoplastic deformation is studied with the introduction of a novel method allowing the scale transition from the atomistic scale to the macroscopic scale. A model describing the mechanism of grain boundary dislocation emission and penetration is informed with molecular simulations and finite element simulations. The macroscopic response of the material is then predicted with use of several self-consistent schemes, among which two novel three-phases schemes are introduced. The most refined micromechanical scheme proposed is based on a two-phase representation of the material and is valid in the elastic-viscoplastic regime and accounts for the effect of slightly weakened interfaces.
37

ON THE PHENOMENON OF DISCONTINUOUS PLASTIC DEFORMATION IN SELECTED ALUMINUM ALLOYS

Riggs, Bruce Allen, 1930- January 1964 (has links)
No description available.
38

A study of the indentation hardness of crystals

Walker, Walter Wyrick, 1924- January 1962 (has links)
No description available.
39

Texture development in polycrystalline copper during torsional deformation

Canova, Gilles R. January 1982 (has links)
The tables describing the geometry of the yield surface are derived. They concern only fcc metals which undergo isotropic hardening, and which glide on the 24 {111} slip systems. The tables list all five dimensional vertices, and edges of the fourth, third and second order limiting the yield surface as well as the slip systems with which they are associated. A direct method for calculating the yield vectors for any orientation, in five dimensional stress space is established, which enables the user to obtain the yield surface without need of knowing the six deviator stress components. / The relaxed constraint theory, which, by contrast to the classical theory, prescribes only part of the strain increment tensor, is applied to the case of the fixed end torsion test. By taking account of the deformed shape of the grains, three strain components are prescribed; axisymmetry of the sample, which is assumed for every grain, leads to the prescription of another strain component. A further equilibrium condition on the stress associated with the absence of surface tractions leads to an additional constraint. The Yield Subsurface Analysis, which consists of cutting the five dimensional yield surface by the planes of the prescribed stresses, and selecting the p dimensional vertices (p being the number of prescribed strains) that provide maximum work, is carried out. The results are compared with the ones of the classical theory where all the strain components are known. / The simulations are carried out to shear strains of 10, and the orientation changes are calculated incrementally assuming the shear plane and shear direction to be fixed in space. / The texture results are similar up to shear strains of about 3, but differ significantly at larger strains. The relaxed constraint theory predicts the strengthening of the {100} texture component and the development of an equally strong {hk1} fiber component at the expense of the {111} fiber component, whereas the classical theory predicts a very strong {111} fiber component. At large strains, the experimental results agree better with the relaxed constraint predictions. / The average Taylor factors do not exhibit the same trends, since the Bishop and Hill theory predicts a continuous decrease and the RC theory a slight decrease followed by a continuous increase. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI
40

Deformation modes of copper-25 atomic percent gold alloy

Chakrabortty, Saghana Baran 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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