A indústria da construção é responsável por grande parcela da economia em todas as nações, quase sempre excedendo 10% do PIB - Produto Interno Bruto e sendo, inúmeras vezes, o setor responsável pelo maior número de empregos. Nas últimas décadas a globalização, com as suas exigências de adequação do Brasil aos padrões de competição internacionais em todas as áreas, as exigências de consumidores mais atentos, com mais liberdades e mais direitos (Código do Consumidor), a velocidade das mudanças sociais e culturais, tudo isto catalisado pela tecnologia da informação têm provocado um grande número, que não para de crescer, de disputas na construção civil. A insatisfação com os métodos tradicionais de solução dos conflitos na indústria da construção civil fez com que grande variedade de alternativas fosse e continuasse a ser explorada. A investigação das técnicas e procedimentos usados para gerenciar os conflitos, prevenir e solucionar as disputas, deles originados, nos empreendimentos de construção civil é necessária para a definição e criação de mecanismos que contribuam para seu eficaz gerenciamento, evitando a perda de tempo e dinheiro com intermináveis discussões e litígios nos tribunais. A existência de conflitos nos empreendimentos da construção é um fato e decorre diretamente da natureza das suas atividades: a singularidade de cada empreendimento, cada um deles constitui uma experiência sempre primeira e única, o tamanho e duração das obras, a complexidade dos documentos contratuais, as mudanças das condições, a limitação dos recursos, problemas financeiros, projetos inadequados, questões trabalhistas, despreparo dos gestores nestes temas. A revisão bibliográfica dos mecanismos existentes em outros países e no Brasil, comparando-os, serve de embasamento para outras pesquisas, seja na proposição de um sistema de gestão para estes conflitos e de solução para as disputas, adequado às características do Brasil, ou, ainda, na condução de um estudo de caso onde as técnicas poderão ser utilizadas e sua eficiência comprovada, ou ainda uma pesquisa para determinar as perdas provocadas por estas disputas. / The construction industry is responsible for great portion of the economy in all countries, almost always exceeding 10% of the GDP - gross domestic product and being countless times the largest employer. In the last decades the globalization, demanding Brazil adaptation to the international patterns of competition in all areas, the more attentive consumer\'s demand with more freedoms and more rights (Consumer\'s Code), and the speed of social and cultural changes, all of those, catalyzed by the information technology, have been provoking a great and growing number of disputes in the building site. The dissatisfaction with traditional methods of conflict resolution in the construction industry led to the use of a wide range of different alternatives, and new ones continue to be explored. The investigation of these new and alternative techniques and procedures used to manage conflicts, to prevent and resolve disputes in the civil construction projects is necessary for the definition and creation of mechanisms to contribute to the effective project management, avoiding waste of time and money with endless discussions and litigations in the tribunals. Because of the characteristic of their activities: the singularity of each project, each one of them is a first and only experience, the size and duration of the works, the contractual documents complexity, the variations, the resources limitation, financial problems, inadequate projects and labor subjects, the existence of conflicts in construction projects is a fact. Bibliographical revision and comparison of the techniques adopted in Brazil and other countries serves as basis for other researches, such as the proposition of a conflict management plan appropriated to Brazilian industry characteristics, or as a case study in which techniques can be used and its efficiency proven or, still as a research to determine the losses caused by these disputes.

A indústria da construção é responsável por grande parcela da economia em todas as nações, quase sempre excedendo 10% do PIB - Produto Interno Bruto e sendo, inúmeras vezes, o setor responsável pelo maior número de empregos. Nas últimas décadas a globalização, com as suas exigências de adequação do Brasil aos padrões de competição internacionais em todas as áreas, as exigências de consumidores mais atentos, com mais liberdades e mais direitos (Código do Consumidor), a velocidade das mudanças sociais e culturais, tudo isto catalisado pela tecnologia da informação têm provocado um grande número, que não para de crescer, de disputas na construção civil. A insatisfação com os métodos tradicionais de solução dos conflitos na indústria da construção civil fez com que grande variedade de alternativas fosse e continuasse a ser explorada. A investigação das técnicas e procedimentos usados para gerenciar os conflitos, prevenir e solucionar as disputas, deles originados, nos empreendimentos de construção civil é necessária para a definição e criação de mecanismos que contribuam para seu eficaz gerenciamento, evitando a perda de tempo e dinheiro com intermináveis discussões e litígios nos tribunais. A existência de conflitos nos empreendimentos da construção é um fato e decorre diretamente da natureza das suas atividades: a singularidade de cada empreendimento, cada um deles constitui uma experiência sempre primeira e única, o tamanho e duração das obras, a complexidade dos documentos contratuais, as mudanças das condições, a limitação dos recursos, problemas financeiros, projetos inadequados, questões trabalhistas, despreparo dos gestores nestes temas. A revisão bibliográfica dos mecanismos existentes em outros países e no Brasil, comparando-os, serve de embasamento para outras pesquisas, seja na proposição de um sistema de gestão para estes conflitos e de solução para as disputas, adequado às características do Brasil, ou, ainda, na condução de um estudo de caso onde as técnicas poderão ser utilizadas e sua eficiência comprovada, ou ainda uma pesquisa para determinar as perdas provocadas por estas disputas. / The construction industry is responsible for great portion of the economy in all countries, almost always exceeding 10% of the GDP - gross domestic product and being countless times the largest employer. In the last decades the globalization, demanding Brazil adaptation to the international patterns of competition in all areas, the more attentive consumer\'s demand with more freedoms and more rights (Consumer\'s Code), and the speed of social and cultural changes, all of those, catalyzed by the information technology, have been provoking a great and growing number of disputes in the building site. The dissatisfaction with traditional methods of conflict resolution in the construction industry led to the use of a wide range of different alternatives, and new ones continue to be explored. The investigation of these new and alternative techniques and procedures used to manage conflicts, to prevent and resolve disputes in the civil construction projects is necessary for the definition and creation of mechanisms to contribute to the effective project management, avoiding waste of time and money with endless discussions and litigations in the tribunals. Because of the characteristic of their activities: the singularity of each project, each one of them is a first and only experience, the size and duration of the works, the contractual documents complexity, the variations, the resources limitation, financial problems, inadequate projects and labor subjects, the existence of conflicts in construction projects is a fact. Bibliographical revision and comparison of the techniques adopted in Brazil and other countries serves as basis for other researches, such as the proposition of a conflict management plan appropriated to Brazilian industry characteristics, or as a case study in which techniques can be used and its efficiency proven or, still as a research to determine the losses caused by these disputes.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1952 S22 / Master of Science

Most dispute resolution is between employers and employees, family or friends, neighbors, and other groups who have continued contact after they leave the courtroom, mediator's office, or agree to contract terms. Because of such ongoing relationships, a vital component of any kind of dispute resolution is how conflicting parties feel about each other after the process is over. Although previous conflict resolution research focuses primarily on the perceived fairness of the third-party, process or outcome, my dissertation centers around how the two parties engaged in the process perceive each other and their relations. Specifically, I ask how intermediaries' intervention in a resolution process affects disputing individuals' perceptions of fairness of one another, general positive regard toward one another, and predictions for positive future interactions with one another.I explore the relationship between third party intervention and such relationship outcomes using two experimental methods, vignettes and laboratory research. In each experiment I vary the level of third party intervention (high, low, absent), while holding dispute resolution outcomes constant, and then measure disputants' perceptions of one another. I also test three potential intervening mechanisms for the relationship between intervention and perceptions - procedural fairness, situational attributions, and salience of conflict.Results indicate that third party intervention does affect perceptions disputants' have of one another and that such results vary based on the method used. In the vignettes, the method typical of research in third party intervention, intervention is negatively related to perceptions of the other party. However, the opposite is true in the laboratory experiment. The results from the laboratory suggest that third party intervention is positively related to perceptions of the other party and that both the increased likelihood of situational attributions and decreased salience of conflict with high third party intervention partially explain this relationship.Implications of these results, and potential areas of future research, are discussed.

<p>The main aim of the research was to determine the viability of retaliation as a trade remedy under the Dispute Settlement Understanding. It was to establish whether retaliation as a remedy is beneficial to the entire WTO membership and system. The specific objectives were: to examine the feasibility of damages as an alternative remedy to retaliation / to determine whether there is a need to revise the Dispute Settlement Understanding, for it to adopt a more development friendly approach to dispute resolution / to make recommendations regarding the improvement of the Dispute Settlement Understanding.</p>

<p>Aims of the research paper is to examine the legal framework&nbsp / of implemantation and enforcement of DSB recommendations and rulings and to investigate the trend of non-compliance with BSD recommendations and rulings where complianant&nbsp / &nbsp / is a developing country.</p>

Abstract Peri-urban areas experience many land related problems and disputes because of rural-urban migration and increasing demand in land. The purpose of this thesis is to identify and describe the land problems and their related disputes that exist in two peri-urban areas surrounding the capital of Botswana, Gaborone. Two land boards administering these areas are studied in order to draw conclusions if there are any improvements that can be made to make the administration of land more effective.   The methods used in this thesis include: a literature review on previous made research to gain sufficient background and knowledge in the subject and a multiple case study to identify the most occurring land problems and how these are handled in the villages of Mogoditshane and Tlokweng. The case study included qualitative interviews with land board officers and experts within the studied subject.   The result from the literature review and the case studies shows similar result when it comes to land problems faced in Mogoditshane and Tlokweng. Common problems such as illegal occupations and multiple transfers lead to disputes over the right to land. The administration of handling these problems differ between the studied land boards as well as the approaches to resolving disputes that arises. For instance in Tlokweng they patrol the village in order to reveal illegal occupations. In the same land board they have also adopted the approach with alternative dispute resolution to reduce number of disputes entering the legal process.   It seems that one of the main causes for the land problems that occur in these areas is poor record keeping. Besides the improvements regarding record keeping, that is already in progress, this study has reached the conclusion that there are several measures that can be taken to make the management of land problems and related disputes more effective. The problem with shortage of land, which is another cause for land problems, could be reduced by an effective and unanimous land allocation process. Further we believe that by training both officers and board members in alternative dispute resolution methods and adopting an approach to try to resolve disputes before becoming a legal matter, will reduce costs as well as save time in the land administration.

The author attended Independent Assessment Process (IAP) hearings as part of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement. Her experience in IAP hearings raised questions about our approach, as Canadians, to historical wrongs, especially those, like loss of language and culture, which fall outside of the purview of criminal and tort-law. This thesis explores the legal, social, and political dispute resolution mechanisms available in Canada to address harms as they have been applied to the Indian Residential Schools Legacy. It finds that the approach to date has been limited by the assumptions inherent in those institutions. The author proposes that Canadians, as a society, need to reframe and restart our discussion about harms and reparations using a framework of “responsibility”, and provides some possible mechanisms to begin that discussion. / Graduate / mhough@uvic.ca

No description available.

<p> In today&rsquo;s world, people from various cultures interact on a daily basis on a number of occasions. During these intercultural encounters, conflicts often arise. Intercessors are needed to help people navigate these types of disagreements. Mediators are considered some of these peacekeepers. This thesis engaged with mediators at a mediation center in the Midwestern United States in order to understand what strategies seemed most effective. </p><p> I examined the research that scholars have conducted regarding building rapport through utilizing respect and face issues, as well as nonverbal behavior. In addition, I explored the connection between the understanding of these factors and intercultural competence and intercultural conflict competence. </p><p> The purpose of this thesis was to see how these mediators understood and valued respect and face issues, including nonverbal behavior, when building rapport with parties in mediations. These mediators were engaged in two manners, via survey and interview questions. The intercultural competence of the mediators in these domains was also explored. </p><p> The results of the research in this thesis showed how the mediators were skilled in some areas, such as in rapport building and respect issues. It further revealed that they were in need of some skills for their toolbox, such as training on face issues and nonverbal behavior, including silence, tone of voice, and eye contact. Detailed recommendations for the mediators are provided. Future research is encouraged: A group of mediators that have exhibited intercultural competence should be selected in order to test their intercultural conflict competence.</p>