Thesis--Cologne. / Vita tipped in back.

Thesis--Cologne. / Vita tipped in back.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 354-372).

Thesis (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Dept. of Linguistics) / Simon Fraser University.

Thesis (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Dept. of Linguistics) / Simon Fraser University.

Clustering large data sets recently has emerged as an important area of research. The ever-increasing size of data sets and poor scalability of clustering algorithms has drawn attention to distributed clustering for partitioning large data sets. Sometimes, centrally pooling the distributed data is also expensive. There might be also constraints on data sharing between different distributed locations due to privacy, security, or proprietary nature of the data. In this work we propose an algorithm to cluster large-scale data sets without centrally pooling the data. Data at distributed sites are clustered independently i.e. without any communication among them. After partitioning the local/distributed sites we send only the centroids of each site to a central location. Thus there is very little bandwidth cost in a wide area network scenario. The distributed sites/subsets neither exchange cluster labels nor individual data features thus providing the framework for privacy preserving distributive clustering. Centroids from each local site form an ensemble of centroids at the central site. Our assumption is that data in all distributed locations are from the same underlying distribution and the set of centroids obtained by partitioning the data in each subset/distributed location gives us partial information about the position of the cluster centroids in that distribution. Now, the problem of finding a global partition using the limited knowledge of the ensemble of centroids can be viewed as the problem of reaching a global consensus on the position of cluster centroids. A global consensus on the position of cluster centroids of the global data using only the very limited statistics of the position of centroids from each local site is reached by grouping the centroids into consensus chains and computing the weighted mean of centroids in a consensus chain to represent a global cluster centroid. We compute the Euclidean distance of each example from the global set of centroids, and assign it to the centroid nearest to it. Experimental results show that quality of clusters generated by our algorithm is similar to the quality of clusters generated by clustering all the data at a time. We have shown that the disputed examples between the clusters generated by our algorithm and clustering all the data at a time lay on the border of clusters as expected. We also proposed a centroid-filtering algorithm to make partitions formed by our algorithm better.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / "Hensigten med nærværende studier er ad sproglig vej at forsøge en forfatterbestemmelse m.h.t. ... Christiern IIs Ny Testamente 1524 ('Hans Mikkelsens Ny Testamente') og De tre ældste danske skuespil ('Christiern Hansen's komedier')."--Indledning. "Litteraturhenvisninger": p. [149]-159.

Thesis--Copenhagen. / "Hensigten med nærværende studier er ad sproglig vej at forsøge en forfatterbestemmelse m.h.t. ... Christiern IIs Ny Testamente 1524 ('Hans Mikkelsens Ny Testamente') og De tre ældste danske skuespil ('Christiern Hansen's komedier')."--Indledning. "Litteraturhenvisninger": p. [149]-159.

Marriage is a subject of great interest to the social historian. However, the marriage of the average medieval English villager is very poorly documented, as it bears little obvious relationship to the great affairs of state. Searching for information on such difficult subjects, many social historians have recently turned to legal records, learning to sift them for the intimate details of daily life. The Register of John Chandler, Dean of Salisbury 1404-17 preserves a rich variety of cases presented to the church courts of early fifteenth-century Salisbury. The questmen, selected from the most respectable men of each village, presented to the court stubborn sinners who had proved incorrigible by the methods of discipline available at lower levels. Most of these cases involved sexual irregularity of some sort, and most of these concerned marriage. This essay is divided into three parts. The historiography examines the work of ecclesiastical, legal and social historians over the last century, especially where the three merge, as when scholars use the records of church courts to write social history. The next two chapters discuss adultery and fornication in Chandler's register. Because of the large number of these cases, it was impractical to address each of them in detail. Thus these chapters rely on statistical analysis and use specific cases as illustrations. The following three chapters address disputed marriages, abandonment and "self-divorce", and marital abuse. Each of these subjects requires a discussion of background and definition of terms, therefore these chapters have longer introductory sections. However, there are few enough examples of these in the register that each can be discussed individually. The Register of John Chandler shows the Church struggling to control the institution of marriage as well as the spiritual lives of the villagers of Salisbury. To the extent that it succeed, it did so because it provided necessary order to the people of Salisbury and because they received it willingly. The average person obeyed the Church and its laws, more or less, but the Church was often unable to enforce its will on the powerful or the stubborn.

This dissertation examines the case of Moldova, where two ethnic nationalisms (Moldovan and Romanian) have battled over the content of national identity over the last two decades. Historically, the land on which Moldova lies was caught in a tug-of-war between Russia (later Soviet Union) and Romania. Sharing the same ethnic traits with Romania, Romanian nationalism emerged early in Moldova, only to be later deconstructed by the Soviets through deportations and executions of Romanian nationalists, and eventually reconstructed as a "Moldavian" identity. This dissertation has two goals. First, through archival and historical research it traces the process of formation of ethnic identity and the emergence of two conflicting nationalisms in Moldova. Second, it investigates the role of public education in ethno-national identity formation through interviews and a survey of Moldovan students. I hypothesize that because self-identified Romanians control the school curricula, the younger generation is more likely to identify as Romanian than the rest of the population - whose connection with school is more distant. To test this thesis, I conducted an original survey of students from seven schools. In contrast to the primordialist theory of nationalism, these findings indicate a relatively fluid national identity. However, the case of Moldovan nationalism also contradicts the instrumentalist school of thought, which over-emphasizes the socio-economic interests of nationalist agents and fails to take into account the cultural motivations of nationalism. Moldovan story indicates that at the fore-front of Romanian nationalist movement were the relatively well-off intellectuals and not the rural and urban working people as the accounts of Cash and Crowther indicate. Lastly, the structuralist (materialist) school fails to acknowledge the power of ideas and the effect they have on historical events. While material means like print media, capital markets, and urbanization facilitated the diffusion of these ideas, they did not create them. As the case of Moldova illustrates, the emergence of nationalism cannot be explained without an understanding of the motivations of the agents involved.