Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment seeks to demonstrate that transformational leadership development programs that focus on teaching leaders the various transformational behaviours, fall short of their goal of changing leadership practice. Given the post-industrial context and the challenges posed by various world crises, the timely development of effective leaders is of the essence. It is essential to recognise why current methods of leadership development are inefficient. Most development programs intervene to change behaviour. However, changed behaviour that does not reflect a leader's true motives and values will soon be identified by followers as manipulative efforts. The behaviour will be exposed as superficial and inauthentic. It is maintained that a more profound level of intervention is needed to bring about authentic leadership development. Leaders who need to change from an autocratic leadership style to the extreme opposite of transformational leadership style must change more than just their behaviour. They need to examine their view of life, the world, themselves and other people to identify their attitude and basic belief system. If this is not congruent to the values proposed by transformational leadership such as the empowerment of all people, it will be impossible to elicit authentic transformational leadership behaviour. Transformational leadership development programs will achieve greater success if they facilitate personal change within leaders. A change of view regarding themselves and other people will promote a true shift in values that encompass empowerment, support and advancement of all employees, will naturally yield behaviours consistent with these values. The person-centred approach of the well-known American psychologist Carl Rogers, proves to be an effective tool to provide leaders the opportunity to explore their beliefs, their experience and their attitudes. Various similarities between transformational leadership theory and person-centred psychotherapy principles exist. The conditions of personal growth echo the transformational leadership behaviour and the personal growth objective of Rogers resembles the transformational leadership objective of empowering all employees. It is maintained that leaders who gain self-knowledge and self-acceptance through the experience of a person-centred relationship can grow into a transformational leader. It will not only affect the organisation and its employees. Such a process can unlock human potential that can facilitate vision and meaning far beyond the organisation's linear objectives of increasing shareholder's value. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk probeer aantoon dat die huidige praktyk van transformasionele leierskapsontwikkeling nie in die doel slaag om leierskappraktyk beduidend te verander en te verbeter nie. Gegewe die post-industriele konteks en die uitdagings van 'n verskeidenheid weretdkrtsisse, is dit van groot belang om tydig sterk leiers te ontwikkel wat hierdie uitdagings die hoof kan bied. Dit is ook essensieel om redes te identifiseer waarom transformasionele leierskapsontwikkeling tot dusver nie effektief was nie. Die meeste ontwikkelingsprogramme fokus daarop om gedrag te verander. Veranderde gedrag wat egter nie 'n leier se ware motiewe en waardes weerspieel nie, sal gou uitgeken en geetiketteer word as manipulerende gedrag. Die gedrag sal as oneg en oppervlakkig ervaar word. Daar word aangevoer dat 'n dieper intervensievlak toegepas moet word om ware transformasionele gedrag te bewerkstellig. Leiers wat van 'n outokratiese na 'n transformasionele leierskapstyl moet oorskakel, sal meer as net hul gedrag rnoet aanpas. Hulle sal selfondersoek moet instel om helderheid en begrip in te win aangaande hul selfkonsep, lewensbeskouing en mensbeskouing om sodoende hul persoonlike houdings en waardes identifiseer. Indien hul persoonlike waardes nie kongruent is aan die waardes wat voorgestel word deur transformasionele leierskap nie, sal dit onmoontlik wees om outentieke transformasionele leierskap te ontwikkel. Transformasionele leierskapontwikkelingsprogramme sal groter sukses behaal indien dit ware persoonlike verandering in die leier meebring. 'n Verandering in 'n leier se selfkonsep en mensbeskourng wat 'n ware skuif meebring in die waardes wat die leier aanhang, sal 'n natuurlike verandering in 'n leier se gedrag ten opsigte van bemagtiging, ondersteuning en bevordering van aile werknemers teweeg bring en wat kongruent is aan die leier se persoonlike oortuiginge. Die persoonsgesentreerde benadering van die bekende Amerikaanse sielkundige, Carl Rogers, bied 'n werkbare alternatief vir die proses van leierskapsontwikkeling. 'n Rogeriaanse verhouding wat leiers 'n geleentheid bied om hulself te verken en te leer ken, fasiliteer die natuurlike groei na transformasionele leierskap. Die persoonsgesentreerde benadering van Rogers het 'n aantal raakpunte met die transformasionele leierskapsteorie. Die voorvereistes vir persoonlike groei uiteengesit deur Rogers refiekteer die gedrag voorgeskryf deur transformasionele teorie. Die verwagting van Rogers dat hierdie voorvereistes sal lei tot persoonlike groei stem ook ooreen met die vereiste gestel aan transformasionele leiers om al hul werknemers te bemagtig. 'n Leier wat blootgestel word aan 'n ontwikkelingsproses wat as basis 'n persoonsgesentreerde verhouding bied, ontwikkel verder as bloot tot voordeel van die individuele organisasie. Die proses sal ook meebring dat 'n leier se potensiaal ontsluit word om visie en betekenis te ontwikkel en te kommunikeer wat verder strek as die onmiddellike organisatoriese doel van verhoging in waarde van aandeelhouersbelang.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Before one can articulate the theory and practice of Islamic psychology, or speak of its relationship to, or integration with, secular psychology, it is imperative that its metatheoretical underpinnings be articulated and understood from the outset. It is argued that this is especially important for the reader steeped in the Western scientific tradition, since its secular metatheory has proved insufficient in accommodating the Islamic worldview. Psychology in Islam is preoccupied with the afterlife - as a result, the subjects of mental disorder and psychotherapy are heavily invested with religious and moral significance. Mental disorder refers to such traits as lead to personal destruction in the hereafter, while psychotherapy entails both the observance of all (external) religious obligations as well as the (internal) purification of the self This paper demonstrates firstly that Islamic psychology is a legitimate intellectual domain. That, secondly, from an Islamic perspective, psychological theory is useless and dangerous without a pious practitioner, and, thirdly, that the methodological hierarchy that yields psychological theory is the opposite of its secular version. Lastly, it is argued that while Sunni Islam dismisses the notion of free will, this in no way diminishes the relevance ofIslamic psychology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Voordat die teorie en praktyk van 'n Islamitiese sielkunde uiteengesit kan word, en voordat daar sprake kan wees van die verwantskap of integrasie hiervan met sekulêre sielkunde, is dit noodsaaklik dat die metateoretiese onderbou daarvan uiteengesit en begryp moet word. Dit word aangevoer dat dit veral belangrik is vir die leser wat geweek is in die Westerse wetenskaplike tradisie aangesien die sekulêre metateorie van laasgenoemde nie voldoende is om die Islamitiese wêreld beskouing te akkomodeer nie. Sielkunde binne Islam is behep met die lewe in die hiernamaals met die gevolg dat die onderwerpe van geestesversteuring en psigoterapie swaar gelaai is met godsdienstige en morele oorwegings. Geestesversteurings verwys na sodanige eienskappe wat tot vernietiging in die hiernamaals sal lei, terwyl psigoterapie die nakoming van alle eksterne godsdienstige verpligtinge sowel as die interne reiniging van die self veronderstel. Hierdie tesis demonstreer, eerstens, dat Islamitiese sielkunde wel 'n legitieme veld van intellektuele ondersoek is. Tweedens, word daar, uit 'n Islamitiese perspektief, aangedui dat sielkundige teorie gevaarlik en nutteloos is sonder 'n godsdienstige praktisyn, en derdens dat die metodologiese hiërargie wat sielkundige teorie lewer die teenoorgestelde is van sy sekulêre weergawe. Laastens word daar geargumenteer dat terwyl Sunni Islam die begrip van vrye wilontsê, word die relevansie van 'n Islamitiese sielkunde nie daardeur ondermyn nie.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This paper provides a theoretical overview and critical evaluation of current conceptualizations and research in the field of stress, with particular reference to the integration of theoretical knowledge with therapeutic interventions. The discussion commences with a brief look at the detrimental effects of stress. This is followed by a clarification of the concepts of stress, stressors, strains and coping. A review of recent developments in the major stress theories, namely the stimulus-response (S-R) models, stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) models, social stress theories, the holistic health model, control theory, psychodynamic theory, learning theory, self theory, existentialist theory, cognitive theory, the transactional model and conservation of resources theory, follows. Factors that can act as moderators of the adverse effects of stress are discussed briefly, as they hold important implications for interventions in psychological practice. These moderators include personality, social support and other moderators such as spiritual health, tolerance for ambiguity and genetic predisposition. An attempt to show how theory can inform practice by guiding specific interventions on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels concludes the discussion. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie artikel bied 'n teoretiese oorsig en kritiese evaluering van huidige konseptualiserings en navorsing op die terrein van stres, met spesifieke verwysing na die integrasie van teoretiese kennis met terapeutiese intervensies. Die bespreking begin met 'n algemene oorsig van die nadelige effekte van stres. 'n Verduideliking van die konsepte van stres, stressors, stresverwante spanning (strain) en streshantering (coping) volg. Hierop volg 'n oorsig van onlangse ontwikkelings in die belangrikste stresteorieë, naamlik die stimulus-respons (S-R) modelle, die stimulus-organisme-respons (S-O-R) modelle, sosiale stresteorieë, die holistiese gesondheidsmodel, sisteemteorieë, psigodinamiese teorie, leerteorie, selfteorie, eksistensialistiese teorie, kognitiewe teorie, die transaksionele model en laastens die behoud-van-bronne-teorie. Faktore wat kan dien as moderators van die nadelige effekte van stres word ook kortliks bespreek, aangesien hulle belangrike implikasies inhou vir terapeutiese intervensies. Die moderators wat in hierdie artikel bespreek word sluit in persoonlikheid, sosiale ondersteuning en ander moderators, naamlik geestelike welsyn, toleransie vir onsekerheid en genetiese predisposisie. Die artikel word afgesluit met 'n bespreking oor hoe die teorie terapeutiese intervensie kan bevorder op primêre, sekondêre en tersiêre voorkomingsvlakke.

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1963.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1986. / INLEIDING: Gehoorgestremdheid impliseer 'n drieledige verlies - nie net die verlies van gehoor nie, maar as gevolg daarvan ook die van spraak en taal. Gehoorgestremdheid het 'n ernstige uitwerking op die intellektuele vermoe en emosionele lewe van die mens (Badenhorst, 1985). Navorsers in die sielkunde van gehoorgestremdheid kry te doen met struikelblokke. Die universum waaruit steekproewe saamgestel moet word, is beperk en die vakliteratuur is nie voldoende nie. Die beskikbare toetsmateriaal is beperk en al uitweg is om gebruik te maak van gestandaardiseerde toetse vir die normaalhorendes. Resultate wat op die wyse verkry word, voldoen nie aan die standaarde wat gestel word ten opsigte van betroubaarheid en geldigheid nie. Taal en kommunikasie is 'n belangrike voorvereiste vir die meeste vorms van sielkundige navorsing. Navorsing ten opsigte van die gehoorgestremde in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika word gekompliseer deur die bevolkingsamestelling en die taal wat gebesig word. Die blanke bevolking is hoofsaaklik Afrikaans- en Engelssprekend, terwyl die verskillende etniese groepe elkeen In taal van sy eie het. Die gehoorgestremdes vorm 'n bron van mensemateriaal wat nuttig gebruik kan word indien elke gehoorgestremde se volle potensiaal ontwikkel word. Kennis van die gehoorgestremde se moontlikhede en beperkinge is 'n noodsaaklike vereiste vir suksesvolle rehabilitasie van so 'n persoon.

Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))—University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa has continued in spite of initiatives by government and numerous concerned community-based and non-governmental organisations to contain the pandemic. Hegemonic masculinity and traditional male sexual practices associated with such identities have only recently been identified as a key area of challenge in the HIV/AIDS pandemic and more broadly in addressing issues of gender inequality. Practices such as non-negotiation in heterosexual relationships as well as other manifestations of gender inequality remain rife. Not surprisingly, this has led to a proliferation of research on men and boys in South Africa. Yet, while critical men’s studies foreground the centrality of context in the construction of masculinities, the role of particular institutions long associated with the construction of hegemonic masculinity has not been well documented in the light of the HIV/AIDS challenge. Given that HIV infection ratios are higher among soldiers than civilians, and the masculinist culture that prevails in military settings, it is clear that soldiers are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection. This study seeks to understand how men in the military draw on notions of masculinity and heterosexuality in constructing their identity and heterosexual practices. I conducted in-depth interviews with a diverse group of 14 male soldiers aged 23 to 33. All participants were officers pursuing a career in the military who were enrolled in a tertiary institution. The interviews were audio-taped and then transcribed. All the interviews were analysed using discourse analysis, with interpretation being informed by a social constructionist theoretical framework in order to address the intersecting issues of gender, sexuality and masculinity. The discourse analysis carried out on the transcripts highlights the centrality of dominant constructions of (hetero)sexual masculinity. Key here is the ‘male sexual drive discourse’ which has been identified elsewhere in South Africa and internationally, usually coupled with traditional expectations of women’s sexuality as submissive and responsive to that of men. There is, furthermore, a prevailing notion of ‘double standards’ which reward men for risky sexual practices while condemning women for the same practices and for resisting their traditional feminine and sexual roles. The study also found that the military as a macho/masculinist institution plays a key role in exaggerating traditional identities and sexual practices for men, in particular notions of masculinity as equated with physical strength and prowess and traditional constructs of male sexuality as urgent and aggressive. These are exacerbated by the military context in which soldiers, due to the nature of their task, have socio-economic and political power over (female) members of local communities. Long periods of isolation from partners during deployment and courses could also facilitate unsafe sexual practices. The study further points to the salience of social identities such as race and class intersecting with gender in the subjective representations of masculinity and sexuality, with neither of these representations manifested as fixed or unitary. The study foregrounds how male sexual risk-taking facilitates the reproduction of hegemonic discourses on male and female sexuality that continue to repress women’s rights to sexual desire and pleasure, while legitimating hegemonic male sexual practices. The study concludes that tackling HIV in the military demands critical examination of multiple constructions of masculinity: those common to broader groups of men and those peculiar to the context of the military. It is thus argued that the development of effective intervention programmes on the one hand requires an unpacking of broader discourses on masculinity and male sexuality and on the other a specific targeting within the context of military imperatives and conditions.

Thesis (PhD)-- Stellenbosch University, 1924. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: No abstract available / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien artikel vir opsomming

Dissertation (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the evaluation of a programme for the marital development of migrant couples. Constructs relevant to marriage and various theories on family functioning are discussed in detail. The three variables included in most theories are adaptability, cohesion and communication, as emphasised in the Circumplex model (Olson, Sprenkle & Russel, 1979), which forms the basis for this study. The importance of marriage development through enrichment programmes is discussed, and it appears that prevention is described as the most important form of therapy. The research was divided into three phases. In phase I, 25 couples living in South Africa and 25 South African couples living in England were used. The following unique elements causing tension in marriages of migrant couples were identified: family unit, role responsibilities, spiritual, emotional and physical matters, external influences and communication. In phase II the literature was studied to determine which programmes already exist. This knowledge, in conjunction with the results of phase I of this research, was used to develop a unique programme for migrant marriages. This newly developed programme focuses on the following aspects of marriage: conflict resolution; the understanding and negotiation of the different roles in a marital relationship; the role of external factors; and physical, emotional and spiritual fulfilment in the relationship. Phase III of the research related to the presentation and evaluation of this newly developed programme in order to assess the impact thereof on the psychofortologic development of migrant couples. Participants were divided into three groups. The programme was evaluated by presenting and comparing an experimental group (10 couples living in England) with two control groups (Control Group 1, 10 couples and Control Group 2, 5 couples living in England). All three groups completed questionnaires as a pre-test. The experimental group attended the new programme, Control Group 1 received no intervention, and Control Group 2 engaged in the alternative intervention. The groups then completed questionnaires directly after the intervention and again three months later. The aspects of marriage relationships where significant development took place, were: satisfaction with religious orientation, sexual intimacy, social intimacy, and a more constructive handling of conflict. A further aspect whereby participating couples benefited from the programme was the understanding of each other's strengths and weaknesses. Some of the recommendations include that more time should be allowed to talk about priorities, and also that longer discussion times between sessions should be allowed. The program should preferably be presented as an “island situation”. An effective follow-up of participants should be incorporated into the programme. In future research it should be determined whether any existing programme addresses the specific needs of the target group. Should this not be the case, it is proposed that a new programme is developed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek fokus op die evaluering van ’n program vir die huweliksontwikkeling van migrante-egpare. Konstrukte wat met die huwelik verband hou, asook verskillende teorieë oor gesinsfunksionering, word bespreek. Die drie gesinsveranderlikes wat in die meeste teorieë voorkom, is aanpasbaarheid, kohesie en kommunikasie. Hierdie aspekte word beklemtoon deur die Circumplex-model (Olson, Sprenkle & Russel, 1979), wat ook as grondslag van hierdie ondersoek dien. Die belangrikheid van huweliksontwikkeling deur verrykkingsprogramme is bespreek, waaruit blyk dat voorkoming die belangrikste vorm van terapie is. Die navorsingsproses is in drie fases verdeel. In Fase I het 25 egpare wat in Suid-Afrika woon en 25 Suid-Afrikaanse egpare wat in Engeland woon aan die ondersoek deelgeneem. Die volgende aspekte wat spanning veroorsaak in migrantehuwelike is geïdentifiseer: gesinseenheid, rolverantwoordelikhede, geestelike sake, emosionele nabyheid, fisieke sake, eksterne invloede en kommunikasie. Fase II van die ondersoek het behels dat die literatuur bestudeer is om vas te stel watter programme reeds bestaan en hoe bestaande kennis, tesame met die resultate van Fase I van hierdie ondersoek, gebruik kon word om ’n unieke program vir migrante-huwelike te ontwikkel. Die nuut ontwikkelde program fokus op die volgende huweliksaspekte: konflikhantering; die verstaan en onderhandeling van die onderskeie rolle in die huwelik; die rol van eksterne invloede op die huwelik; en fisiese, emosionele en geestelike tevredenheid binne die huweliksverhouding. In Fase III van die ondersoek is die nuut ontwikkelde program aangebied en geëvalueer om die impak daarvan op migrante-ontwikkeling te bepaal. Deelnemende Suid-Afrikaanse egpare is in Engeland geïdentifiseer en in drie groepe verdeel, naamlik; tien egpare in die eksperimentele groep, tien egpare in een kontrolegroep en vyf egpare in ’n tweede kontrolegroep. Deelnemers in al drie groepe het dieselfde vraelyste as die deelnemers in Fase I van die ondersoek voltooi. Dit het gedien as die voormeting. Daarna is die voorlopige program vir die eksperimentele groep aangebied, terwyl die eerste kontrolegroep geen intervensie ontvang het nie en die tweede kontrolegroep ’n alternatiewe intervensie deurloop het. Direk na afloop van die program het deelnemers van die eksperimentele groep en die tweede kontrolegroep weer dieselfde vraelyste voltooi. Drie maande later het deelnemers van al drie groepe as tweede nameting weer dieselfde vraelyste voltooi. Die aspekte van die huweliksverhouding waar beduidende ontwikkeling plaasgevind het, was tevredenheid met godsdiensoriëntasie, seksuele intimiteit, sosiale intimiteit en meer konstruktiewe konflikhantering. ’n Ander aspek waarby deelnemers aan die program baat gevind het, was die beter verstaan van mekaar se sterk- en swakpunte. Enkele aanbevelings is dat meer tyd ingeruim word om oor prioriteite binne die huwelik te praat, dat besprekingstye tussen die verskillende sessies verleng word, dat ’n program verkieslik as ’n eilandsituasie aangebied word, en dat opvolgaksies met deelnemende egpare deel van die program moet wees. Daar moet in toekomstige navorsing oor huweliksontwikkeling vasgestel word of ’n bestaande program die behoeftes van die spesifieke teikengroep aanspreek, en indien nie, word voorgestel dat ’n nuwe program ooreenkomstig hulle omstandighede en behoeftes ontwikkel word.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Persons with disabilities (PWDs) remain under-represented in South African (SA) companies. Negative attitudes and ignorance of employers may contribute towards unemployment of PWDs, as can inadequate accessibility, accommodations and company policies on disability. A lack of SA literature on employers’ attitudes and practices on disability motivated the study. A web-based survey was developed to investigate employer attitudes on the employment of PWDs in SA companies. In total, 348 companies were invited to take part in the survey, and 86 companies completed it (25% response rate). One person per company, mostly from Human Resources (HR), completed the survey. Findings from the survey showed that global attitudes towards PWD employment are positive, but that physical and sensory disabilities received more favourable ratings than psychiatric and intellectual disabilities. Most managers reported satisfaction with the job performances of their PWDs. Accessibility in the survey companies is still lacking. Modifications to the physical environment are the most common accommodation made by the companies. Costs for making accommodations were just a bit more or the same than initially anticipated. Companies valued information on the preparation of the environment for PWDs and the cost of accommodations. Companies which employed more than one percent of PWDs were significantly more likely to report that their Diversity/Equity documents include a disability policy. A case study approach was used to obtain qualitative information on the experiences and practices with and of PWDs in three companies with some success in employing PWDs. All companies surveyed that had more than two percent PWDs were requested to participate in the case studies, and three companies agreed. Interviews were performed at these companies with HR personnel, supervisors, co-workers and PWDs. Case study findings show that office environments present more suitable and easier job opportunities for PWD employment, and that certain disability types present too great a risk for employment in dangerous environments. The case study companies do seem to accept PWDs in general, specifically in the immediate working teams of PWDs. None of the managers interviewed indicated problems in managing their PWDs and most apply general management principles. Those with direct contact with PWDs confirmed that they were productive and dedicated. Despite this, very few PWDs are currently being recruited into the companies, but targeted recruitment of PWDs has started. The companies have adequate accessibility in the immediate environments of PWDs, but not widespread accessibility. All the companies have company guidelines and experiences in making reasonable accommodations. Very few PWDs have been advanced in the companies and few fill management positions. Although all the companies have disability policies in place, there is sometimes a discrepancy between policy and practice. The most prominent company initiatives for PWD integration are declaration drives, financial aid initiatives and awareness raising on disability. This study provided evidence that PWDs can be productive, have good co-worker relationships and generally do not make unreasonable accommodation requests. Companies can improve their disability guidelines, accessibility and accommodation processes, but actual contact and sensitisation can increase integration of PWDs. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Persone met gestremdhede (PMGs) is steeds onderverteenwoordig in Suid-Afrikaanse (SA) maatskappye. Negatiewe houdings en onkunde van werkgewers kan bydra tot werkloosheid van PMGs, asook onvoldoende toeganklikheid, akkommodasie en maatskappy-beleid oor gestremdheid. 'n Gebrek aan SA literatuur oor werkgewers se houdings en praktyke teenoor gestremdheid motiveer dié studie. ’n Web-gebaseerde opname is ontwikkel om werkgewer-houdings oor die indiensneming van PMGs in SA maatskappye te ondersoek. ’n Totaal van 348 maatskappye is genooi om deel te neem aan die opname en 86 maatskappye het dit voltooi (25% respons-koers). Een persoon per maatskappy, meestal van Menslike Hulpbronne (MH), het die opname voltooi. Bevindinge van die opname het getoon dat algemene houding teenoor PMGs positief is, maar dat fisieke en sensoriese gestremdhede meer gunstige graderings as psigiatriese en intellektuele gestremdhede ontvang. Die meeste respondente het tevredenheid getoon met die werkvertonings van PMGs. Toeganklikheid in die maatskappye is steeds onvoldoende. Veranderings aan die fisiese omgewing is die mees algemene akkommodasie wat deur die maatskappye gedoen is. Kostes vir akkommodasies is net ’n bietjie meer of dieselfde as wat aanvanklik verwag is. Maatskappye stel ’n premie of inligting oor die voorbereiding van die omgewing vir PMGs en die koste van akkommodasie. Maatskappye wat meer as een persent van die PMGs indiens het, was beduidend meer geneig om te rapporteer dat hulle diversiteit dokumente 'n gestremdheid beleid insluit. ’n Gevallestudie benadering is gebruik om kwalitatiewe inligting te kry oor die ervaringe en praktyke t.o.v. PMGs in drie maatskappye met relatiewe indiensneming sukses t.o.v. PMGs. Alle opname maatskappye met meer as twee persent PMGs is versoek om deel te neem, en drie maatskappye het ingestem. Onderhoude by hierdie maatskappye is gevoer met menslikehulpbron-personeel, bestuurders, mede-werkers en PMGs. Gevallestudie bevindinge toon dat die kantooromgewing meer geskikte en makliker werkgeleenthede vir PMGs bied, maar dat dat sekere tipes getremdhede ’n te-groot risiko is vir indiensneming in gevaarlike omgewings. Daar blyk ’n groter aanvaarding van PMGs in die algemeen te wees by die maatskappye, spesifiek in die onmiddellike werkspanne van PMGs. Nie een van die bestuurders in die ondersoek het probleme aangedui met die bestuur van PMGs nie en meeste pas algemene bestuursbeginsels toe. Diegene met direkte kontak met PMGs bevestig dat hulle produktief en toegewyd is. Ten spyte hiervan word min PMGs gewerf deur die maatskappye, maar geteikende werwing van PMGs het begin. Die maatskappye het voldoende toeganklikheid in die onmiddellike omgewings van PMGs, maar nie wydverspreide toeganklikheid nie. Al die maatskappye het wel maatskappy-riglyne en ervarings met die voorsiening van redelike akkommodasie. Baie min PMGs word wel bevorder in die maatskappye en min vul bestuurposisies. Alhoewel al die maatskappye ’n gestremdheidsbeleid het, is daar soms ’n verskil tussen beleid en praktyk. Die mees prominente maatskappy inisiatiewe vir PMG integrasie was verklaringsinisiatiewe, finansiële steun en bewusmakings-veldtogte van gestremdheid. Hierdie studie bewys dat PMGs produktief kan wees, goeie mede-werker verhoudings het en oor die algemeen nie onredelike akkommodasie versoeke rig nie. Maatskappye kan hulle gestremdheidsriglyne, toeganklikheid en akkommodasie prosesse verbeter, maar werklike kontak en sensitisering kan integrasie van PMGs verhoog.

Thesis (MA (Pyschology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / The primary aim of the present study was to determine what the television content related fears of a sample of preschool children are and their parents’ perceptions thereof. The secondary aim was to establish whether there are differences between the television content related fears with regard to the different age groups and gender groups used in the present study. The sample of 67 participants consisted of 11 four year olds, 29 five year olds and 27 six year olds. Data were obtained by conducting child-friendly semi-structured individual interviews, using a questionnaire as guideline, with a sample of preschool children. The parents or legal guardian of the participants completed similar questionnaires, in which the perceptions of the parents about the television content related fears of their children were obtained. The questions focused on the programmes the participants preferred watching and the contents of the programmes that elicit fear in them. The sample size used in the study was small and the researcher was very careful not to make generalisations regarding the findings. The results, presented in a descriptive manner, nevertheless indicated that the participants were experiencing television content related fears. Although the four-year-old group reported more age appropriate fears, it seemed that the older the participants are, the more television related their fears become. Boys in general reported more television related fears than the girls. Parents seem to be aware of the contents of the fears of their children. Limitations in the present study were mentioned and recommendations for further studies regarding television content related childhood fears were made.