Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of the present study was to explore the nature of pre-school parenting in a low to average socio-economic target suburb in the Goodwood Municipal area. Specific attention was given to the main parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian or permissive) utilized by the sample of parents of pre-school children included in this research. Attention was also given to 11 specific parenting dimensions included in the parenting styles and to the levels of psychological control utilized by the sample parents included. The relationship between parenting and certain biographical variables, such as culture and gender of the child, as well as with the specific developmental outcome of expressed fears in their pre-school children was also investigated. Data on the expressed fears, with regard to number, as reported by the pre-school children, was obtained in a related study (Keller, in press). Participants in the current study (N=91) included the fathers (n=43) and mothers (n=48) of the pre-school children (N=50) utilized in the related study (Keller, in press). Measures included a Biographical Questionnaire, the Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire (PSD) and the Psychological Control Scale. The study revealed that the majority of pre-school parents in this low to average socioeconomic status area predominantly utilized an authoritative parenting style, complemented by high levels of responsiveness, warmth and support, and low levels of psychological control. Further exploration revealed that psychological controlling parenting style characteristic of parents in this target area, reflects non-reasoning or punitive parenting in both fathers and mothers, while highly responsive mothers exhibit low levels of psychological control. Consistent with previous South African research, similarities in parenting outweighed the differences (Gerdes, Coetzee & Cronjé, 1996). Firstly, the study revealed a significant positive correlation between paternal and maternal parenting. Secondly, the study revealed that no statistically significant cross-cultural differences exist between parenting utilized by the white and coloured pre-school parents included in this research. Furthermore, besides mothers reporting higher democratic participation in parenting with the pre-school girls than boys, no other cross-gender differences exist between paternal and maternal parenting style, the included dimensions and psychological control. Contrary to previous research linking permissive parenting to internalizing behaviour in pre-school children (Hart et al., 1995), a positive relationship was found between maternal authoritative parenting style and the amount of expressed fears (r=O.35; p<O.05) in pre-school children. To validate these findings, it is necessary to measure other internalizing behaviours in pre-school children as well. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoelwit van die huidige studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die aard van ouerskap in "n lae tot middel sosio-ekonomiese teiken-area in die Goodwood Munisipale gebied. Spesifieke aandag is geskenk aan die tipe ouerskapstyl (outoritatief, outoritêr of permissief) wat die meeste benut word deur die steekproef ouers van voorskoolse kinders. Aandag is ook geskenk aan 11 spesifieke ouerskapdimensies wat deur die bogenoemde ouerskapstyle omvat word en ook aan die vlakke van psigologiese beheer wat kenmerkend is van ouerskap deur die steekproef ouers ingesluit in die studie. Die verhouding tussen ouerskap en die biografiese veranderlikes soos kultuur en geslag van die kind en ook die spesifieke ontwikkelingsuitkoms van gerapporteerde vrese deur die voorskoolse kinders van die steekproef ouers, is ook ondersoek. Data van toepassing op die aantal gerapporteerde vrese van die voorskoolse kinders is ingesamel tydens 'n verwante studie (Keller, in druk). Deelnemers aan die huidige studie (N=91) het die vaders (n=43) en moeders (n=48) van die voorskoolse kinders (N=50) wat in die verwante studie geselekteer is, ingesluit (Keller, in druk). Meetinstrumente wat aangewend is tydens data-insameling in die huidige studie het 'n Biografiese vraelys, die Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire (PSD) en die Psychological Control Scale ingesluit. Die studie het bevind dat die meerderheid voorskoolse ouers in hierdie lae - tot middel klas sosio-ekonomiese area oorwegend 'n outoritatiewe ouerskapstyl benut, wat aangevul word deur hoë vlakke van responsiwiteit, warmte en ondersteuning, en lae vlakke van psigologiese beheer. Verdere ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat psigologiese beheer deur ouers in hierdie teikenarea gekenmerk word deur nieredenerende of strawwende ouerskap in beide vaders en moeders, terwyl hoogresponsiewe moeders lae vlakke van psigologiese beheer toon. In ooreenstemming met vorige Suid-Afrikaanse navorsing, het ooreenkomste in ouerskap ook in hierdie studie verskille oortref (Gerdes, Coetzee & Cronjé, 1996). Eerstens het die studie' n positiewe korrelasie tussen paterna Ie en maternale ouerskap uitgelig. Tweedens het die studie aan die lig gebring dat daar nie beduidende kruiskulturele verskille tussen ouerskap van die steekproef blanke en gekleurde ouers bestaan nie. Behalwe vir moeders wat meer demokratiese deelname rapporteer tydens ouerskap van die voorskoolse dogters as seuns, is geen ander geslagsverskille ten opsigte van hantering van voorskoolse seuns en dogters gemeld tussen maternale en paterna Ie ouerskapstyl, die ingeslote dimensies en psigologiese beheer nie. In teenstelling met vorige navorsing wat permissiewe ouerskap verbind aan internaliserende gedrag in voorskoolse kinders (Hart et al., 1995), het die huidige studie 'n -positiewe verhouding gevind tussen maternale demokratiese ouerskapstyl en die aantal vrese gerapporteer deur die voorskoolse kinders (r=O.35; p<O.05). Verdere navorsing wat ook ander internaliserende gedrag in voorskoolse kinders meet, is nodig om hierdie bevindinge te valideer.

Thesis (MA)- University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The numerous prospective university students' who present at the Centre for Student Counselling of the University of Stellenbosch for guidance in selecting an occupation or university course, suggest that there is a high level of career indecision amongst such individuals. With the purpose of addressing career indecision, the present study examined the nature thereof amongst prospective university students. The prevalence of specific aspects of career maturity (namely, self-information, decision-making, career information, integration of self-information and career information, and career planning) underlying career indecision were investigated, as well as the correlations between these aspects. In addition, the correlations between the aspects of career maturity and certain biographical variables such as gender, home language, declared career choice, differentiation of interests, and self-reported level of career indecision were examined. Eighty-four prospective students, who presented for career counselling at the Centre for Student Counselling of the University of Stellenbosch, served as subjects in the study. The subjects completed the Career Development Questionnaire (CDQ), the Meyer Interest Questionnaire (MB-10) and a biographical questionnaire compiled by the researcher. The results of the study indicated that a substantial number of prospective university students experience career indecision. There were statistically significant correlations (p<0,01) between the 5 scales of the CDQ. In addition, there were statistically significant correlations (p<0,01) between the 5 scales of the CDQ, and self-reported level of career indecision. There were no clinically significant correlations between gender and home language, and any other variable measured. An attempt was made to address career indecision amongst the population group by making certain recommendations regarding the content and process of career counselling for prospective university students. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aantal voornemende universiteitstudente wat by die Sentrum vir Studentevoorligting aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch aanmeld vir voorligting in verband met die keuse van 'n beroep of universiteitskursus, is aanduidend van 'n hoë mate van beroepsbesluitloosheid onder die individue. Die onderhawige studie ondersoek die aard van beroepsbesluitloosheid onder voornemende universiteitstudente ten einde die beroepsbesluitloosheid aan te spreek. Die voorkoms van sekere komponente van loopbaanvolwassenheid (naamlik selfinligting, besluitneming, loopbaaninligting, integrering van selfinligting en loopbaaninligting, en loopbaanbeplanning) onderliggend aan beroepsbesluitloosheid is ondersoek, sowel as die verband tussen die komponente. Die verband tussen die komponente van loopbaanvolwassenheid en verskeie biografiese veranderlikes soos geslag, huistaal, verklaarde loopbaankeuse, onderskeiding van belangstellings, en self-gerapporteerde vlak van beroepsbesluitloosheid is ook ondersoek. Vier-en-tagtig voornemende studente wat by die Sentrum vir Studentevoorligting aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch aangemeld het vir beroepsvoorligting, is by die studie betrek. Die subjekte het die Loopbaanontwikkelingsvraelys (LOV), die Meyer-Belangstellingsvraelys (MB-10) asook 'n biografiese vraelys wat deur die navorser opgestel is, voltooi. Die resultate het getoon dat In aansienlike hoeveelheid voornemende studente beroepsbesluitloosheid ervaar. Daar was statisties beduidende verbande (p<0,01) tussen die 5 skale van die LOV. Verder was daar statisties beduidende verbande (p<0,01) tussen die 5 skale van die LOV en gerapporteerde vlak van beroepsbesluitloosheid. Daar was geen klinies betekenisvolle verbande tussen geslag en huistaal, en enige ander veranderlike nie. Daar is gepoog om beroepsbesluitloosheid onder voornemende studente aan te spreek deur aanbevelings te maak in verband met die inhoud en proses van loopbaanvoorligting vir voornemende universiteitstudente.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure the influence of a logotherapy activity, the mountain range exercise on the purpose in life and values of Grade 11 scholars of a specific culture community in the Western Cape. Two research hypotheses were formulated; firstly, that the logotherapy activity will help to heighten the meaning in the lives of Grade 11 scholars and, secondly, that the logotherapy activity would influence the values of Grade 11 scholars. The fifty-nine subjects used in the study were Grade 11 scholars at Macassar High School in the Western Cape. The subjects were divided into an experimental and control group. Two questionnaires were used in the study: the Purpose in Life-test (PIL) and the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values (AVL). After the experimental group completed the logotherapy activity they were divided into four discussion groups, each group consisting of seven or eight subjects. The groups underwent two discussion sessions. The experimental group completed the logotherapy activity and a post-test was carried out on both groups. Results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test of the experimental group on the Purpose in Life-test. The first research hypotheses is hereby supported; that is the implementation of the logotherapy activity heighten the meaning in the lives of the experimental group. The pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group differed significantly with regard to the economic value. The second research hypotheses is hereby supported, that is, the implementation of the logotherapy activity will influence the values of Grade 11 scholars. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die ondersoek was die meting van die invloed van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit, naamlik die bergreeks-oefening, op die doel van die lewe en waardes van Graad 11 leerlinge van en bepaalde kultuurgemeenskap in die Wes-Kaapland. Twee navorsingshipoteses is geformuleer, naamlik dat die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die sin en betekenis in die lewe van Graad 11 leerlinge sal verhoog en tweedens dat die groepsaktiwiteit die waardes van die leerlinge betekenisvol sal beïnvloed. Die nege-en-vyftig subjekte was Graad 11 hoërskool leerlinge van Macassar Sekondêr in die Wes-Kaapland. Die ondersoekgroep is ewekansig in en eksperimentele en kontrole groep verdeel. Twee vraelyste is toegepas: Die Betekenis in die lewe-vraelys (PIL) en die Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Waardeskaal (AVL). Nadat die eksperimentele groep die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit voltooi het, is hulle in vier diskussiegroepe verdeel, elk met sewe of agt lede. Die diskussiegroepe het twee groepsbesprekings ondergaan. Die nameting is op albei groepe gedoen om sodoende te bepaal of die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die navorsingshipoteses ondersteun. Die eksperimentele groep se voor- en nametingsresultate ten opsigte van hulle sinsbelewing het beduidend verskil. Die eerste navorsingshipotese is hierdeur ondersteun, naamlik dat die implimentering van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die sin van die lewe van die eksperimentele groep verhoog. Die eksperimentele groep se voor- en nametingsresultate ten opsigte van die ekonomiese waarde het beduidend verskil. Die tweede navorsingshipotese is ierdeur ondersteun, naamlik dat die implimentering van die logoterapeutiese groepsaktiwiteit die waardes van die lewe van die Graad 11 leerling beïnvloed.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many men are of the opinion that a vasectomy will have a detrimental effect on their sexual satisfaction, which is why this convenient method of contraception is often ignored. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a vasectomy had any effect on important aspects of a marriage, such as sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, communication and frequency of sexual intercourse. An experimental group and two control groups were used and data were collected by means of a biographical questionnaire and two questionnaires which were applied before and five months after the vasectomy. Results indicated no significant difference between the before and after measurements regarding sexual satisfaction, marital satisfaction, communication and frequency of sexual intercourse. It was also revealed that although strong correlations were found between marital satisfaction, communication and sexual satisfaction, a weak correlation was found between frequency of sexual intercourse and the other measured variables. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verskeiemansmeendat 'n vasektomie hul seksuele satisfaksie nadelig sal beïnvloed en daarom word hierdie gerieflike geboortebeperkingsmetode dikwels oor die hoof gesien. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of daar na 'n vasektomie veranderinge plaasgevind het in belangrike huweliksaspekte van die man, naamlik seksuele satisfaksie, huwelikstevredenheid, kommunikasie in die huwelik en frekwensievan seksuelegemeenskap. Daar is van 'n eksperimentele groep en twee kontrolegroepe gebruik gemaak. Data is ingesamel deur middel van fn biografiese vraelys en twee vraelyste wat in 'n voor-meting en vyf maande na die vasektomie toegepasis. Resultatetoon dat daar geen beduidende verskil is tussen die voor- en na-metings wat betref seksuele satisfaksie, huwelikstevredenheid, kommunikasie in die huwelik en frekwensie van seksuele gemeenskap nie. Daar is ook gevind dat alhoewel die verbande tussen huwelikstevredenheid, kommunikasie en seksuele satisfaksie sterk positief is, daar 'n swak verband bestaan tussen frekwensie van seksuele gemeenskap en die ander gemete veranderlikes.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the research project reported below, the researcher investigates the shortterm effect. of a life skills program, Free to Grow, on the self-concept and locus of control of juvenile offenders in the Allandale-prison, by means of the following questionnaires: the Greeff Self-concept Questionnaire, the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children and the Desired-Undesired Eve.nts Locus of Control Scale. The life skills program is based on experiential learning principles and focusses on self-development and the acquisition of a wide spectrum of social skills. The 21 subjects participating in the project were divided into two groups: The experimental group consisting of 11 subjects participated in the program over a two week-period for altogether 32 hours, while the remaining 10 subjects formed the control group. The most important findings of the study were that the program participants' self-concept showed no statiscally meaningful improvement, but their locus of control as measured by the Nowicki Strickland Locus of Control Scale for children, made a statistically meaningful internal shift. The study concludes with important recommendations for follow-up studies. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die onderstaande studie is die korttermyneffek van 'n lewensvaardigheidsprogram, Free to Grow, op die selfkonsep en lokus van kontrole van jeugoortreders in die Allandale-gevangenis ondersoek met behulp van die volgende vraelyste: die Greeffselfkonsepvraelys, die Nowicki-Strickland Lokus van Kontrole Skaal vir Kinders en die Wenslike en Onwenslike Gebeurtenisse Lokus van Kontrole Skaal. Die program is gebaseer op eksperensiële leerbeginsels en fokus op selfontwikkeling en die aanleer van 'n wye spektrum van sosiale vaardighede. Die 21 subjekte wat aan die projek deelgeneem het, is in twee groepe verdeel: Die eksperimentele groep bestaande uit 11 subjekte het oor 'n periode van twee weke vir altesaam 32 uur die program deurloop, terwyl die oorblywende 10 subjekte die kontrolegroep gevorm het. Die belangrikste bevindings van die studie was dat die programdeelnemers se selfkonsep nie statisties betekenisvol verbeter het nie, maar dat hulle lokus van kontrole, soos gemeet deur die Nowicki-Strickland Lokus van Kontrole Skaal vir Kinders, wel statisties beduidend meer intern geword het na afloop van die program. Die studie word afgesluit met belangrike aanbevelings vir opvolgstudies.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of this research project was to determine the relationship between the way students experience family and personal coherence and the extent to which students used potential sources of support. A secondary aim was to determine the relationship between the way the students and their parents experience the type of coping strategies used by the family during crisis situations. A Biographical questionnaire, Use of Resources Questionnaire, Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ), Family Sense of Coherence Scale (FSOC) and the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES) were completed by 145 first-year students at the University of Stellenbosch. Only the FSOC and the F-COPES scales were completed by parents. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between the way students experience family and personal coherence and the importance of using sources of support. It was found that female students have a stronger sense of family coherence than male students. Significant differences were found between the experience of students and their parents of the type of coping strategies used by the family during crisis situations. Significant differences were found specifically between the way students and their parents experience obtaining social support, mobilising the family to get and accept help and the passive appraisal of a problem. The results of the research have important implications for the development and implementation of support groups and also social and life skills programmes at secondary and tertiary training establishments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoelstelling van hierdie ondersoek was om die verband te bepaal tussen studente se belewing van gesins- en persoonlike koherensie en die mate waarin studente potensiële ondersteuningsbronne benut het. 'n Sekondêre doelstelling was om die verband tussen die studente en hulouers se belewing van die tipe hanteringstrategieë wat deur die gesin tydens krisissituasies gebruik word, te bepaal. 'n Biografiese vraelys, Benutting van bronne vraelys, Lewensoriënteringsvraelys (Orientation to life Questionnaire (OLQ)), Gesinskoherensieskaal (Family Sense of Coherence Scale (FSOC)) en 'n Gesinskrisisgeoriënteerde Persoonlike Evaluasieskaal (Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale (F-COPES)) is voltooi deur 145 eerstejaarstudente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Slegs die FSOC en F-COPES skale is deur ouers voltooi. Die resultate dui daarop dat daar 'n beduidend positiewe verband bestaan tussen studente se belewing van gesins- en persoonlike koherensie en die belangrikheid van die benutting van ondersteuningsbronne. Daar is gevind dat vroulike studente 'n sterker belewing van gesinskoherensie as manlike studente het. Beduidende verskille is gevind tussen die studente en hulle ouers se belewing van die tipe hanteringstrategieë wat deur die gesin tydens krisissituasies gebruik word. Beduidende verskille is gevind spesifiek tussen die studente en hulle ouers se belewing van die gesin se verkryging van sosiale ondersteuning, die mobilisering van die gesin om hulp te verkry en te aanvaar, en die gesin se passiewe waardering van 'n probleem. Die navorsingsresultate het belangrike implikasies vir die ontwikkeling en implementering van ondersteuningsgroepe asook sosiale en lewensvaardigheidsprogramme aan sekondêre en tersiêre opleidingsinstansies.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lack of scientific and technically schooled human resources has been a problem in the South African labour market for quite some time. In the present study the factors influencing learners' decisions to choose Physical Science or not, as a final subject choice, are examined. The Meyer Interest Questionnaire (MB-lO) and two selfdesigned questionnaires were completed by 140 grade 10 pupils of a brown and a black high school in Stellenbosch. Pearson rank order correlations, Chi-square analysis and the Mann-Whitney test were used to analyse the data. It appears that a significant number of learners choose Physical Science if they believe that they need it for their tertiary course or if they need it for university admission or if they think that it would better their bursary and/or study loan prospects. A significant number of learners do not choose Physical Science if they did not do well in General Science in grade nine or if they believe that Physical Science is not a subject for girls. Many learners also do not choose Physical Science because of a perception that Physical Science is too difficult. Significantly few learners made use of career counselling during their [mal subject choice. Significant differences were found between the interests of the group that chose Physical Science and the group that did not choose it. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tekort aan wetenskaplik en tegnies geskoolde menslike hulpbronne is reeds vir 'n geruime tyd 'n probleem in die Suid-Afrikaanse arbeidsmark. In die huidige studie is daar in hoofsaak ondersoek ingestel na die faktore wat leerders se besluit om Natuuren Skeikunde as finale skoolvak te kies of nie, beïnvloed. Die Meyerbelangstellingsvraelys (MB-lO) en twee selfontwerpte vraelyste is op 140 graad 10 leerders van 'n bruin en 'n swart hoërskool in Stellenbosch afgeneem. Die data is met behulp van Pearson-rangordekorrelasies, Chi-kwadraatontledings en die Mann- Whitney toets ontleed. Dit blyk dat 'n beduidende getal leerders Natuur- en Skeikunde kies indien hulle glo dat hulle dit nodig het vir hulle naskoolse opleiding of vir universiteitstoelating of indien hulle dink dat hulle studiebeurs- en/of studieleningvooruitsigte daardeur verbeter sal word. 'n Beduidende getalleerders wat swak presteer het in graad nege of wat glo dat die vak nie by meisies pas nie, kies nie Natuur- en Skeikunde nie. Baie leerders kies ook nie Natuur- en Skeikunde nie vanweë 'n persepsie dat die vak te moeilik is. Beduidend min leerders het gebruik gemaak van beroepsvoorligting tydens hulle finale vakkeuses. Daar is beduidende belangstellingsverskille gevind tussen die groepe wat Natuur- en Skeikunde gekies het en die wat dit nie gekies het nie.

Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Malingering is the intentional production or exaggeration of symptoms for personal gain in the context of external incentives. Due to the absence of objective symptoms, depression may represent a relatively attractive option for malingerers. Existing approaches to distinguish between depressive symptoms and possible malingering often use time-consuming psychometric tests or unreliable interview techniques. Short screening tests for malingering may be a practicable alternative and recently South African cut-off scores on tests for malingering were determined for a student sample. The purpose of this study was to establish South African cut-off scores for persons with a diagnosis of depression on screening instruments for malingering. Fifty-one subjects with a diagnosis of depression (measured by the Zung Depression Scale) were randomly ascribed to one of two groups: an experimental group of 25 subjects (instructed to simulate symptoms based on a malingering case scenario) and a control group of 26 subjects (instructed to do their best in the tests). No incentive was provided to the subjects. Each subject completed the 21-item verbal memory forced choice test (FCT), the Rey IS-item test (Rey IS-item), the dot-counting test (DCT), the Word Recognition test (WR) that is part of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Battery (ADAS-Cog) and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). The WR test correctly classified 74.5% of subjects with a sensitivity of 93%. The FCT, with a cut-off of> 15.5, correctly classified 72.5% of subjects. A regression equation was computed by combining the FCT, DCT and SIMS. This correctly classified 74.5% of patients with a sensitivity of 69%. The DCT accurately identified 64% of the malingerers using a cut-off score of> 65.57. The Rey15-item test showed poor results and does not seem to be useful as a screening instrument. The WR test shows promise as a screening instrument for malingering. Combining tests when screening for malingering proved to be an effective way to distinguish between malingering of depressive symptoms and real symptoms. The results of this study will help provide guidelines to mental health workers on how to diagnose malingering in patients with depression more objectively. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Malingering is die opsetlike nabootsing of oordrywing van simptome vir persoonlike gewin in die konteks van eksterne vergoeding. As gevolg van die subjektiewe aard van simptome, kan depressie 'n relatief aantreklike opsie wees wanneer psigiatriese kondisies gesimuleer word. Bestaande maniere om te onderskei tussen werklike depressiewe simptome en moontlike malingering, gebruik tydrowende psigometriese toetse of onbetroubare onderhoudstegnieke. Kort siftingstoetse vir malingering kan 'n praktiese altenatief wees en onlangse Suid-Afrikaanse afsnypunte op toetse vir malingering is bepaal vir 'n studentesteekproef. Die doel van hierdie studie was om Suid-Afrikaanse afsnypunte te verkry vir malingeringstoetse vir mense met 'n diagnose van depressie. Een en vyftig subjekte met 'n diagnose van depressie (gemeet deur die Zung Depressieskaal) is ewekansig toegewys aan een van twee groepe: 'n eksperimentele groep van 25 subjekte (met die opdrag om simptome te simuleer op grond van 'n malingering-scenario) en 'n kontrolegroep van 26 subjekte (met die opdrag om hulle bes te doen in die toetse). Geen vergoeding is aan proefpersone gebied nie. Elke subjek het die 21-item verbal memory forced choice test (FfC), die Rey 15-item test (Rey IS-item), die dot-counting test (DCT), die Word Recognition test (WR) wat deel vorm van die Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Battery (ADAS-Cog) en die Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) voltooi. Die WR het 74.5% van die subjekte korrek geklasifiseer met 'n sensitiwiteit van 93%. Die FCT, met 'n afsnypunt van <15.5, het 72.5% van die subjekte korrek geklassifiseer. 'n Regressie-vergelyking is bereken deur 'n kombinering van die FCT, DCT en SIMS. Dit het 74.5% van die subjekte korrek geklassifiseer met 'n sensitiwiteit van 69%. Die DeT kon 64% van die malingeerders akkuraat identifiseer deur gebruik te maak van 'n afsnypunt van> 65.57. Die Rey IS-item toets het swak resultate getoon en blyk nie bruikbaar te wees as 'n siftingstoets nie. Die WR toon potensiaal as In siftingstoets vir malingering. Die kombinering van toetse wanneer pasiënte gesif word vir malingering blyk 'n effektiewe manier te wees om te onderskei tussen die malingering van depressiewe simptome en werklike simptome. Die resultate van hierdie studie kan help om riglyne te skep vir geestesgesondheidswerkers oor hoe om malingering van depressie meer objektief te diagnoseer.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the present study the psychological skills of professional and social basketball players were compared. A literature review has highlighted the need for domain specific and sport specific psychological skills research, from countries outside the United States of America. The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) was administered to professional (n=60) and social (n=67) basketball players. The ACSI-28 is a multidimensional scale that measures seven specific psychological skills and also yields a global psychological skills score. The results showed that professional basketball players rated their global psychological skills significantly higher than social basketball players. The results also showed that the professional basketball players scored significantly higher on five of the seven specific psychological skills namely: coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, goal setting, concentration and self-confidence. Cross-cultural differences were found between South African and Greek basketball players. The assumption that psychological skills is domain specific was not verified as baseball and basketball players from different countries showed remarkably similar ACSI-28 profiles. The results can be used to develop a psychological skills training programme which is relevant for elite and pre-elite basketball players in South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sielkundige vaardighede van professionele- en sosiale basketbalspelers is in die huidige studie onderling vergelyk. 'n Literatuurstudie het die behoefte aan domeinspesifieke, sowel as sport-spesifieke sielkundige-vaardigheidsnavorsing beklemtoom, veral vir lande buite die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) is toegepas op professionele (n=60) en sosiale (n=67) basketbalspelers. Die ACSI-28 is 'n multidimensionele skaal wat sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede meet. Hierdie vaardighede kan gekombineer word om 'n globale sielkundige vaardigheidstelling te kry. Volgens die resultate het die professionele basketbalspelers hul globale sielkundige vaardighede beduidend hoër as sosiale basketbalspelers geëvalueer. Die professionele basketbalspelers het hoër tellings as sosiale basketbalspelers behaal op vyf van die sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede naamlik: hantering van terugslae, prestasie onder druk, doelwitstelling, konsentrasie vermoë en self vertroue. Kruis-kulturele verskille is gevind tussen Suid-Afrikaanse en Griekse basketbalspelers. Die aanname, dat sielkundige vaardighede domein-spesifiek is, is nie ondersteun nie, aangesien bofbal en basketbalspelers van verskillende lande ooreenstemmende ACSI-28 profiele getoon het. Die resultate kan aangewend word om 'n sielkundige vaardigheidsopleidingsprogram te ontwikkel wat relevant vir elite and preelite basketbalspelers in Suid Afrika is.

Thesis (M.A.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, a Multiple Baseline across People design was used with a sample of 6 Fibromyalgia (FS) sufferers in order to evaluate the efficacy of a multidimensional treatment programme on: pain intensity, duration of pain experiences and intake of medication. The programme which consisted of weekly 2 hourly sessions over a period of 6 weeks, combined hypnotherapy and self-hypnosis with cognitive-behavioural techniques. Attempts were made to customise interventions to the specific needs of the individual. The following three hypotheses were postulated: That introduction of the treatment programme would: 1) reduce pain intensity levels; 2) reduce the duration of pain experiences (average daily pain hours) thus minimising the interference of pain into the lives of the patients; 3) reduce the intake of medication. All three of the hypotheses are supported by the results. Graphs show that pain intensity levels, average daily pain hours (duration) and intake of medication clearly decreased over the treatment process from baseline to follow up. For hypotheses 1 and 2, the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was applied which showed that the results were also statistically significant. The study yielded qualitative information regarding two areas of FS: 1) possible etiological factors contributing towards the syndrome; 2) the elucidation of various therapeutic components responsible for alleviating specific FS symptoms. In particular, the study highlights the importance of targeting maladaptive cognitions linked to pain experiences as well as of taking account of individual interpersonal issues in the management of FS sufferers. An etiological model is presented by the author which views FS within a systemic framework III which vanous variables (psychological and physiological) operating at the individual, environmental and socio-cultural levels, interact to produce the syndrome. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is van 'n Meervoudige Basislynontwerp met Mense (''Multiple Baseline across People") gebruik gemaak om 'n steekproef van 6 Fibromialgie (FS) pasiente te evalueer ten opsigte van pynintensiteit, tydsduur van pynervarings en die inneem van medikasie. Die program, 'n kombinasie van hipnose met kognitiewe gedragstegnieke, het bestaan uit weeklikse sessies van 2 ure elk oor 'n tydperk van 6 weke. Die intervensies wat plaasgevind het, was ook gerig op die spesifieke behoeftes van die individu. Die volgende drie hipoteses IS gestel, naamlik dat die toepassing van die behandelingsprogram sou: 1) die pyn-intensiteitsvlakke verminder; 2) die tydsduur van die pyn-ervarings verminder en die voorkoms van pyn in die pasient se lewe minimaliseer; 3) die inname van medikasie verminder. Al drie hipoteses is betekenisvolondersteun deur die resultate. Die statistiese grafieke het getoon dat die pyn-intensiteitsvlakke, die gemiddelde daaglikse pyn-ervaringsure en die inname van medikasie, betekenisvol verminder het oor die behandelingsperiode vanaf basislyn tot opvolgperiode. Die ''Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test" het ten opsigte van hipoteses 1 en 2 ook statisties betekenisvolle resultate aangetoon. Die kwalitatiewe inligting vanuit die ondersoek bekom, het twee aspekte rakende FS navore gebring, naamlik: 1) die moontlike etiologiese faktore wat bedra tot die sindroom en 2) 'n duideliker omlyning van die terapeutiese komponente verantwoordelik vir die versagting van spesifieke FS simptome. In besonder is die wanaangepaste kognisies geassosieer met pynervanrings uitgelig, asook die interpersoonlike probleme wat FS pasiente ervaar in die behandelingsprogram. 'n Etiologiese model, wat FS binne 'n sisterniese raamwerk plaas, IS deur die navorser voorgestel. Laasgenoemde model spreek die verskeidenheid van sielkundige en fisiologiese veranderlikes, wat op die individu, omgewing en sosiokulturele vlakke inwerk, op so 'n wyse aan dat dit die sindroom meer verklaarbaar maak.