Movimientos telúricos ocurridos en distintas partes del mundo han originado considerables pérdidas económicas y humanas. Es importante mencionar también que, durante estos últimos años, en los principales países desarrollados tales como Taiwán, Japón y Estados Unidos se ha venido implementando nuevas tecnologías para mejorar el desempeño en las estructuras frente a acciones sísmicas como son los sistemas de protección sísmica. Uno de estos avances son los disipadores de energía fluido viscoso cuya implementación muestra resultados óptimos para el incremento del amortiguamiento y reducción de desplazamientos laterales. Para cumplir con el objetivo principal de la investigación, se evaluó el diseño estructural del bloque A2 del Hospital Santa Rosa, una edificación esencial ubicada en el distrito de Pueblo Libre, Lima. Se realizó el modelo y análisis sísmico de la estructura existente, cuyos resultados muestras derivas ( ∆=5.98%o ) mayores al límite establecido en la Norma E.030 ( ∆=5%o ). Además, presenta efectos de columna corta que originan el agrietamiento de las unidades de albañilería, hecho que los hace vulnerables. Frente a los resultados presentados se realiza una nueva modelación y análisis sísmico del bloque en estudio, considerando como reforzamiento los disipadores de fluido viscoso. Para ello, se analiza nuevamente la estructura a través de un análisis tiempo historia tomando distintas consideraciones como el sismo de diseño y las propiedades de los disipadores fluido viscoso en donde las derivas máximas se han reducido de 5.98%o a 3.30 %o. Adicionalmente, se analiza la estructura con una técnica de reforzamiento tradicional como son las placas de concreto armado, con el objetivo de evaluar la viabilidad de la primera propuesta. Los resultados indican que, con un reforzamiento de muros de concreto se obtiene una deriva de ∆=3.36%o y ∆=3.30%o empleando los disipadores viscosos, lo cual demuestra la viabilidad de la propuesta en respuestas estructurales. / Telluric movements in different parts of the world have caused considerable economic and human losses. It is also important to mention that, in recent years, in the main developed countries such as Taiwan, Japan and the United States, new technologies have been implemented to improve the performance of structures against seismic actions such as seismic protection systems. One of these advances are the viscous fluid energy dissipators whose implementation shows optimal results for increasing damping and reducing displacement. In order to comply with the main objective of the research, the structural design of block A2 of the Santa Rosa Hospital, an essential building located in the Pueblo Libre district, Lima, was evaluated. The seismic analysis and model of the existing structure was carried out, whose results show drifts ( ∆=5.98%o ) greater than the limit established in Standard E.030 ( ∆=5%o ). In addition, it presents short column effects that cause cracking of the masonry units, a fact that makes them vulnerable. In front of the presented results, a new modeling and seismic analysis of the block under study is performed, considering viscous fluid dissipators as reinforcement. For this, the structure is analyzed again through a time-history analysis taking different considerations such as the design earthquake and the properties of the viscous fluid heatsinks where the maximum drifts have been reduced from 5.98%o to 3 .30%o Additionally, the structure is analyzed with a traditional reinforcement technique such as reinforced concrete plates, with the aim of evaluating the feasibility of the first proposal. The results indicate that, with a reinforcement of concrete walls, a drift of ∆=3.36%o and ∆=3.30 is obtained using viscous heatsinks, which demonstrates the viability of the proposal in structural responses. / Tesis

The proponents of non-conventional lightning protection devices claim that these devices are superior to the conventional Franklin Rod. Lack of systematic study and insufficient field data make it difficult to compare the non-conventional lightning protection devices with the conventional ones. Previously, the performance of various air terminals was studied by comparing the emission current through various dissipation devices in the MSU High Voltage Laboratory. The study of emission current from the air terminals gives an idea about the space charge developing over them. However, it does not show the behavior of air terminals to attract or repel lightning strikes. The present study presents the measurements of critical flashover (CFO) voltage of the air terminals. The CFO voltage shows the ability of an air terminal to attract or reduce the chance of lightning strike to the protected object.

Este artículo consiste en analizar una nueva alternativa de control antisísmico de alta tecnología para la construcción de hospitales en el Perú, que en su normativa exige el uso de aislamiento de base para edificaciones esenciales. Para ello, se opta por la evaluación estructural de una edificación construida con aisladores sísmicos y la misma con implementación del sistema de disipación de energía SLB (Shear Link Bozzo). Los resultados analizados, para cada técnica estudiada de control antisísmico, son: derivas de entrepiso, aceleraciones de piso, balance energético y análisis de rotulas plásticas, en base a la filosofía de funcionalidad continua. / This article consists of analyzing a new high-tech anti-seismic control alternative for the construction of hospitals in Peru, which in its regulations requires the use of base insulation for essential buildings. For this, the structural evaluation of a building constructed with seismic isolators is chosen and the same with the implementation of the SLB (Shear Link Bozzo) energy dissipation system. The results analyzed for each anti-seismic control technique studied are: mezzanine drifts, floor accelerations, energy balance and analysis of plastic hinges, based on the philosophy of continuous functionality. / Trabajo de investigación

En région montagneuse, les infrastructures et les voies de communications sont soumises à de nombreux risques naturels dont les phénomènes d’origine gravitaire. Au-delà du danger pour les usagers, les conséquences des interruptions du trafic deviennent problématiques d’un point de vue économique et il devient indispensable de sécuriser les itinéraires. La mise en place d’écrans de filets pare-pierres est une des solutions possibles pour la protection contre les éboulements rocheux. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des écrans souples ou filets métalliques de protection contre les chutes de blocs et plus précisément sur l’écran développé par l’entreprise GTS. Le filet constitutif de ces écrans se différencie par rapport aux systèmes conventionnels par un comportement orthotrope, dû à un maillage spécifique. Dans cette étude nous caractérisons le comportement de ces écrans de filets sous des chargements statiques et dynamiques de type impact par une approche couplant l’expérimentation et la modélisation numérique. L’étude procède pas à pas, les divers constituants sont évalués de façon quasi-statique, en laboratoire, et également in-situ pour reproduire les conditions réelles d’utilisation, en particulier l’aspect dynamique. Une attention particulière concernant les dissipateurs d’énergie, qui représentent l’élément centrale de ce type de structure, nous a permis de mettre au point un élément fusible robuste et fiable. Une campagne d’essais en grandeur réel sur les écrans de filets étudiés a permis de valider deux classes énergétiques (3000 kJ et 5000 kJ) selon les recommandations européennes. Les données recueillis lors des expérimentations ont permis de calibrer et valider différentes modélisations numériques de type éléments finis et éléments discrets. La pertinence de la modélisation a été évaluée au niveau des différentes échelles étudiées, échelle d’une maille, échelle d’une nappe, échelle du dissipateur d’énergie et échelle de la structure entière. Les performances et les limites des deux approches, MEF (méthode des éléments finis) et MED (méthodes des éléments discrets) ont été évaluées pour ce qui est de nos modélisations. / In mountainous areas, infrastructures, roads and railways are subject to various natural hazards due to the gravitational phenomena. Beyond the danger to users, the consequences of traffic interruptions becomes, from an economic point of view, more and more problematic and it becomes essential to secure these itineraries. An existing method to protect against the rockfall is to set up rockfall barriers made by metallic nets. This thesis focuses on the study of the rockfall protection barriers made by metallic net developed by the company GTS. The net of these barriers is different compared to conventional systems by an orthotropic behavior, due to a special form of the mesh. In this study we characterize the behavior of these barriers under static and dynamic loading (impact) by an approach combining the experimentation and the numerical modeling. The study proceeds step by step, the components are evaluated in quasi-static, in laboratory, and also in-situ to simulate the real conditions of use, especially the dynamic aspect. A special attention concerning the energy dissipators, which represent the principal element of this structure, has enabled us to develop a robust and reliable fuse element. A campaign of full-scale tests on the studied rockfall barriers allows the validation of two energy classes (3000 kJ and 5000 kJ) according to the European recommendations. The data collected during experiments permits to develop various numerical models of finite elements and discrete elements. The relevance of the modelisation was evaluated at the different studied scales, the mesh scale, the net scale, the energy dissipators scale and the scale of the entire structure.