For higher data rate and attractive price level internet service Very High Data rate Subscriber Line 2 (VDSL2) is a perfect option. VDSL2 is a great achievement in Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology. It has a good impact in modern triple play (Voice, Data and Video) Internet service but for modern world applications required more data rate than the VDSL2 system can provide but it should be inexpensive and easy to install. So the desired goal of this thesis work is to achieve higher bitrates for VDSL2 system, by transmitting multiple VDSL2 signal using Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) channel instead of copper channel. POF channel is a suitable solution for high data rate application. Moreover POF is very rugged and suitable for high data rate application because of optical based transmission and it’s also very easy to implement into the interior networking. Moreover POF doesn’t have any impact of Electro Magnetic Interference because of optical transmission. So several VDSL2 signals are amplitude modulated to allocate specific frequency band and combined together which can be called as frequency division multiplexing and POF is used as channel to carry the combined signal which provide much higher bit rate than single signal and efficiently utilize the bandwidth of the channel. Then at the receiver end the combined signals are split and amplitude demodulate at the respective receiver to recover the expected frequency band for the receiver.

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The aim of my thesis was describe a clear form to present the possibilities of facilities for the collection of GIS data for the possible use in land consolidation. My purpose was to accurately determine what the potential cost of purchase and processing of data and how accurately we are able to process this data. Next I have dealt with quality data that we can get from organizations that work with data. I also dealt with the design of land consolidation method using a digital terrain model (DTM). This method could bring a lot of innovation in solving problems in land consolidation in the future

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. It is the most prevalent disabling neurological condition among young adults, with onset typically between 20 and 40 years of age. Infiltrating immune cells and microglia activations are associated with inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms. Current available disease modifying therapies suppress or modulate the immune system. These pharmaceuticals differ with respect to administration route and frequency, adverse effects, and efficacy. This paper provides a thorough manuscript illustrating the major prescribing factors, efficacy profiles, adverse events, and contraindications that patients and clinicians should consider while choosing a treatment. Despite the advancements made over the past 20 years, patients with progressive multiple sclerosis have few therapeutic options. Additionally, this paper assesses emerging therapies and disease targets on the pharmaceutical horizon, which have shown promise for all disease phenotypes.

Os alcaloides ß-carbolinas, Harmina e Harmalina, e o potente alucinógeno N, N-dimetiltriptamina são os principais componentes da Ayahuasca, uma bebida típica, utilizada na forma de chá e amplamente empregada em rituais religiosos na América do Sul. Embora seu uso ocorra desde períodos pré-colombianos ainda são poucas as informações sobre suas possíveis aplicações clínicas, assim como seus efeitos toxicológicos. Nos últimos anos, o uso da Ayahuasca se difundiu para vários países: Estados Unidos, Alemanha, Inglaterra, França e Espanha, com isso houve o aumento do interesse em estudos científicos acerca do chá. Em decorrência do aumento no consumo do chá, é importante o desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos analíticos validados na rotina laboratorial e a utilização de uma matriz biológica que seja de fácil coleta e possibilite um número representativo de amostras. No presente trabalho, o suor foi utilizado como uma amostra biológica não convencional, pois possui algumas vantagens em relação às amostras convencionais como, por exemplo, o sangue; possui uma coleta não invasiva, indolor e sem constrangimentos para o voluntário, fácil aquisição de um registro cumulativo da exposição de substâncias, e janela de detecção mais longa, tornando-se uma ferramenta útil, pois permite a realização de uma coleta com maior frequência e sem atrapalhar o ritual religioso do voluntário. Embora vários métodos já tenham sido publicados para determinação de diferentes substâncias utilizando o suor como matriz biológica, tais como: ecstasy, cocaína, anfetamina, codeína, MDMA e ?9-Tetrahidrocannabinol, até a presente data, não foram encontrados métodos descritos na literatura utilizando o suor como matriz biológica para identificação de DMT, HRM e HRL em voluntários usuários da bebida. O método desenvolvido apresentou linearidade de 50 a 1500 ng/adesivo e o limite de detecção encontrado foi de 15 ng/adesivo para Harmina, 15 ng/adesivo para Harmalina e 10 ng/adesivo para o DMT. O ceficiente de variação intra-ensaio variou de 3,92% a 9,06% e o inter-ensaio variou entre 3,34% a 9,85%; a exatidão variou entre 87,5% a 105%. A recuperação encontrada foi superior a 70%. / The ß carbolines alkaloids, and Harmina Harmalina, and the potent hallucinogen N, N - dimethyltryptamine are the main components of Ayahuasca, a typical drink used in tea form widely used in religious rituals in South America. Although its use occurs from preoperative - Colombians are still little information about their possible clinical applications, as well as their toxicological effects. In recent years, the use of Ayahuasca has spread to many countries: United States, Germany, England, France and Spain, it was the increased interest in scientific studies about tea. Due to the increase in the consumption of tea, it is important the development and application of validated analytical methods for routine monitoring and the use of a biological matrix that is easily collected and allow a representative number of samples. In the present work , sweat was used as a biological sample unconventional because it has some advantages as compared to conventional samples, such as blood; have a non-invasive, painless and without constraints for voluntary, easy acquisition of a cumulative record of exposure of substances, and longer detection window, making it a useful tool collects as it allows the realization of a collection more frequently and without disturbing the religious ritual of voluntary. Although several methods have been published for the determination of different substances using sweat as a biological matrix, such as ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine, codeine, MDMA and ?9 - Tetrahidrocannabinol, to date, no methods have been described in the literature using the sweat as a biological matrix for identification of DMT, HRL and HRM in volunteer users of the drink. The developed method was linear 50-1500 ng / patch and the limit of detection was 15 ng / patch Harmina, 15 ng / patch Harmalina and 10 ng / patch for DMT. The ceficiente intra -assay variation ranged from 3.92 % to 9.06 % and inter -assay ranged from 3.34 % to 9.85%; the accuracy ranged from 87.5 % to 105 %. The recovery was found to exceed 70%.

Os alcaloides ß-carbolinas, Harmina e Harmalina, e o potente alucinógeno N, N-dimetiltriptamina são os principais componentes da Ayahuasca, uma bebida típica, utilizada na forma de chá e amplamente empregada em rituais religiosos na América do Sul. Embora seu uso ocorra desde períodos pré-colombianos ainda são poucas as informações sobre suas possíveis aplicações clínicas, assim como seus efeitos toxicológicos. Nos últimos anos, o uso da Ayahuasca se difundiu para vários países: Estados Unidos, Alemanha, Inglaterra, França e Espanha, com isso houve o aumento do interesse em estudos científicos acerca do chá. Em decorrência do aumento no consumo do chá, é importante o desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos analíticos validados na rotina laboratorial e a utilização de uma matriz biológica que seja de fácil coleta e possibilite um número representativo de amostras. No presente trabalho, o suor foi utilizado como uma amostra biológica não convencional, pois possui algumas vantagens em relação às amostras convencionais como, por exemplo, o sangue; possui uma coleta não invasiva, indolor e sem constrangimentos para o voluntário, fácil aquisição de um registro cumulativo da exposição de substâncias, e janela de detecção mais longa, tornando-se uma ferramenta útil, pois permite a realização de uma coleta com maior frequência e sem atrapalhar o ritual religioso do voluntário. Embora vários métodos já tenham sido publicados para determinação de diferentes substâncias utilizando o suor como matriz biológica, tais como: ecstasy, cocaína, anfetamina, codeína, MDMA e ?9-Tetrahidrocannabinol, até a presente data, não foram encontrados métodos descritos na literatura utilizando o suor como matriz biológica para identificação de DMT, HRM e HRL em voluntários usuários da bebida. O método desenvolvido apresentou linearidade de 50 a 1500 ng/adesivo e o limite de detecção encontrado foi de 15 ng/adesivo para Harmina, 15 ng/adesivo para Harmalina e 10 ng/adesivo para o DMT. O ceficiente de variação intra-ensaio variou de 3,92% a 9,06% e o inter-ensaio variou entre 3,34% a 9,85%; a exatidão variou entre 87,5% a 105%. A recuperação encontrada foi superior a 70%. / The ß carbolines alkaloids, and Harmina Harmalina, and the potent hallucinogen N, N - dimethyltryptamine are the main components of Ayahuasca, a typical drink used in tea form widely used in religious rituals in South America. Although its use occurs from preoperative - Colombians are still little information about their possible clinical applications, as well as their toxicological effects. In recent years, the use of Ayahuasca has spread to many countries: United States, Germany, England, France and Spain, it was the increased interest in scientific studies about tea. Due to the increase in the consumption of tea, it is important the development and application of validated analytical methods for routine monitoring and the use of a biological matrix that is easily collected and allow a representative number of samples. In the present work , sweat was used as a biological sample unconventional because it has some advantages as compared to conventional samples, such as blood; have a non-invasive, painless and without constraints for voluntary, easy acquisition of a cumulative record of exposure of substances, and longer detection window, making it a useful tool collects as it allows the realization of a collection more frequently and without disturbing the religious ritual of voluntary. Although several methods have been published for the determination of different substances using sweat as a biological matrix, such as ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine, codeine, MDMA and ?9 - Tetrahidrocannabinol, to date, no methods have been described in the literature using the sweat as a biological matrix for identification of DMT, HRL and HRM in volunteer users of the drink. The developed method was linear 50-1500 ng / patch and the limit of detection was 15 ng / patch Harmina, 15 ng / patch Harmalina and 10 ng / patch for DMT. The ceficiente intra -assay variation ranged from 3.92 % to 9.06 % and inter -assay ranged from 3.34 % to 9.85%; the accuracy ranged from 87.5 % to 105 %. The recovery was found to exceed 70%.

Multiples travaux de recherche on été munis ces dernières années pour construire des codes espace-temps optimaux pour les communications sans fil de point a point (monoutilisateur). Plusieurs familles de codes, dont la construction utilise des outils algébriques avances et qui atteignent le dmt ont été proposées dans la littérature. Ce compromis a été développe par zheng et tse pour capturer les avantages duels d'un canal a évanouissement pour les snr élèves: l'augmentation du débit (augmentation du gain de multiplexage) et l'augmentation de la fiabilité (augmentation du gain de diversité). Motivés par les résultats promettant obtenus dans le cas des canaux mono-utilisateur, notre but dans cette thèse est de proposer des nouvelles constructions de codes espace temps pour les canaux à accès multiple (i.e., multi-utilisateur) en se basant sur une profonde compréhension de ce dernier du point de vue de la théorie de l'information. Nous considérons dans une première partie le cas mono antenne pour lequel nous proposons une nouvelle construction de code qui offre un gain significative et dont les performances sont conservées dans le cas synchrone et asynchrone. Motive par le gain de performance important obtenu dans le cas momo antenne et arme par la compréhension des aspects théoriques du canal a accès multiple, nous avons propose un nouveau code dont les performances sont meilleures comparées aux codes existants. Ce code est ensuite utilise pour construire un nouveau code distribue pour le canal à accès multiple avec relais.