In modern theological studies, ecclesiology has became a very important concern in Western academic circle. However, it has not caught the attention of many theologians in Chinese academic circle. This thesis will use the Ideal Type method to construct a set of three typologies of ecclesiology in Modern Protestant Theology, named as Liberal, Confessional, and Subversive. Each type will pick two or three important modern Protestant theologians as the representative, Friedrich Schleiermacher and Paul Tillich represent the Liberal, Karl Barth, Jurgen Moltmann and Stanley Hauerwas represent the Confessional, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Graham Ward represent the Subversive. By this research, we can have a more comprehensive framework to understand the development of ecclesiological studies, and to compare the strength and weakness of each typology. After analyzing the typologies, the later part of this thesis will use them to analyze the contemporary Chinese context. It aims at pointing out the meaning and the relevance of these typologies of ecclesiology to Chinese Theology and Hong Kong Churches. / 李駿康. / Adviser: Pan Chiu Lai. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-229). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Junkang.

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a thesis by Rachel Wai Man Chan. / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-54). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- Origen's Apokatastasis --- p.3 / Clement: He indeed saves all --- p.3 / Origen: All will be subjected to God --- p.4 / Historical Background of Apokatastasis --- p.6 / Origen's Theological System --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Early Controversies --- p.9 / Accusations against Origen --- p.9 / The Condemnation of Origen in Council of Constantinople --- p.12 / The Theological Ideas awaiting discussions --- p.17 / Chapter 3 --- "Why was universal salvation marginalized by ""orthodoxy""?" --- p.18 / "The definition of ""orthodoxy'""" --- p.18 / Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus --- p.24 / The Influence of Augustine --- p.27 / Sola Fide --- p.32 / Chapter 4 --- Views of Modern Theologians --- p.36 / Conclusion --- p.44 / Appendix --- p.46 / Bibliography --- p.50

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Abstract There is always good performance in business for the first generation of today¡¦s entrepreneurs. These first generation entrepreneurs have much to contribute to the economy of Taiwan nowadays. However, illicit activities were committed unceasingly in the last five (5) years by some of the owners, such as diverting funds, making illegal deals in stocks, gaining illegal profit, faking financial reports, lending and borrowing illegally, failing in investment etc. As a result, firms failed to operate during financial crisis, hurting the rights and interests of investors. Furthermore, employees were laid off. These illicit activities were not the result of operation but were motivated by greed and other ulterior motives. This research shows that there are four common major problems in the enterprises of the present age. 1. Shortsightedness. 2. Lack of principle & ethic of management. 3. Lack of innovation. 4. Benefiting the self at the expense of others. Buddhist doctrines explore and solve problems based on cause-effect using psychology and mentality. This research recommends four methods based on the Buddhist doctrines to rectify the four major problems. 1. The Bodhisattva is afraid of cause and the ordinary is afraid of effect to overcome shortsightedness. 2. To obey the precepts and ethics to overcome the lack of principle & ethic of management. 3. To cultivate oneself according to the self-reflection Buddhist doctrines to overcome the lack of innovation. 4. To operate with compassion and kindness to others to overcome benefiting the self at the expense of others. The aim is to apply Buddhist doctrines in this research, rectify the corruption of enterprises of the present age, and assist them to be successful businesses. Moreover, it could help them to be excellent and prosperous businesses. In addition, companies can learn how to avoid failure. Business failure is not shameful; it is only a process in any venture. It is encouraging when a firm rebuild again from failures. According to the findings of this research, it is correct to fulfill the Buddhist doctrines to rectify business corruption of the present age.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Neuchâtel, 2006. / Bibliogr. p. 521-548. Index.

For the greater part of the history of the Christian Church the doctrines of baptism and predestination have been uneasy bed-fellows. At times, the former has gained the predominance and the latter has been relegated to the region of philosophical prolegomena to faith, having no immediate connection with the Christian life. In other periods, the doctrine of predestination has gained the ascendency and the importance of baptism has been minimized. Nevertheless, both these aspects of the Christian faith are strikingly present in the New Testament, and in no way do we find there premonitions of the tensions between them in the later history of the Church. Is this because of the unsystematic nature of the New Testament faith which evaded these difficulties through its own lack of order, or is there a deeper reason for the primitive harmony between these two aspects of Christian theology? [contined in text ...]

This thesis examines Jaina strategies for justifying violence (himsa) in societal self-defense in contradistinction to the religion's overwhelming emphasis on nonviolence (ahimsa). The thesis' main focus is an ethnographic study of the views on societal self-defense of some contemporary lay Jainas in Delhi and Jaipur, India. I compare these views with the textual-historical Jaina position on ksatriya-dharma (the duty of kings) and "Just War," as advanced through ancient and medieval Jaina texts. Recent ethnographies omit the issue of Jaina attitudes to self-defense almost entirely. However, since India's nuclear tests in 1998, India has become a major Asian political, social and economic power. Indian Jainas have changed along with other Indians in the way that they see themselves in relation to the world and to other Indians. My findings suggest that major changes might have occurred since the latest ethnographic studies of Jainism in the nineties.

The thesis aims at studying the growth and systematization of Shi'i usul al-fiqh in the fifth century, A.H. The attempt involves an analysis of the background against which this systematization developed and takes into account the two major works of the period, representing this systematization. The first is al-Dhari'ah of Sharif al-Murtada (d. 436/1044) and the second, 'Uddat al-Usul of Shaykh Abu Ja'far al-Tusi (d. 460/1067). The analysis of the books attempts to trace the pattern of development each writer has followed, the methodology of each and, ultimately, the basic principles each evolved as a basis for his usul al-fiqh. A certain amount of emphasis has been laid throughout the work, on determining what distinct concepts were being developed, as compared to the Sunnis. The main themes investigated are khabar, ijma' and ijtihad and how they affected the systematization.

Early Buddhists undisputably considered Nirvana to be the ultimate goal of their practice. However, not only was the meaning of Nirvana disputed, but so were the means (e.g., right view and no view) conducive to its achievement. The thesis proposes to examine the controversial status that scholars have accorded to faith and reason as elelments of the path. In this respect, the Buddha's attitude toward tradition, reasoning and experience is examined, along with the epistemological foundations of Pali canonical thought. Related issues such as identifying the ultimate criterion of reality advanced by Buddhism are also discussed. Moreover, since the Buddha suggested various ways leading to Nirvana, an attempt is made to discover how the paths of sila, samadhi and panna relate to each other and to the final goal.