This dissertation contributes to the research-based understanding of the scholarly journal as an artefact by studying the document structures of open access e-journals published by editors or small, independent publishers. The study focuses on the properties of the documents, taking its point of departure in a sociotechnical document perspective. This perspective is ope rationalised through a number of aspects from document architecture and information architecture: logical structures, layout structures, content structures, fi le structures, organisation systems, navigation, and labelling. The data collection took the form of a survey of 265 journal web sites, randomly selected, and qualitative readings of four journal web sites. The results of the study are presented based on choice of format and modes of representation; visual design; markup; metadata and paratexts; and document organisation and navigation. Two approaches were used to analyse the study fi ndings. To begin with, the remediation strategies of the scholarly journals were discussed; how does this document type, which has a long tradition in the print medium, take possession of the web medium? The ties to the print journal are still strong, and a majority of the journals treat the web medium mainly as a way to distribute journal articles to be printed and read as hard-copies. Many journals do, however, take advantage of such features as hypertext and full-text searching, and some use the fl exibility of the web medium to provide their users with alternative views. A small number of e-journals also refashion the print journal by including modes of representation not possible in print, such as audio or video, to illustrate and support the arguments made in their articles. Furthermore, interactive features are used to increase communication between different groups, but this type of communicative situation has not yet become an integral part of the scholarly journal. An electronic document is often viewed as more fl exible, but also less constant, than documents on paper. This sometimes means that the e-only journal is seen as a less dependable source for scholarly publishing than print. A second analytical approach showed how the architectures are used to indicate aspects that can enhance a journal’s chances of being regard ed as a credible source: a cognitive authority. Four strategies have been identifi ed as used by the journals: they employ architectural features to draw on the cognitive authority of people or organisations associated with the journal, on the cognitive authority of other documents, and on the professional use of the conventions of print journals and web sites respectively. By considering how document properties are used to indicate cognitive authority potential, a better understanding of how texts function as cognitive authorities is achieved. / <p>Akademisk avhandling som med tillstånd av samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten</p><p>vid Göteborgs universitet för vinnande av doktorsexamen framläggs till</p><p>offentlig granskning kl. 13.15 måndagen den 28 april i hörsalen Sappören,</p><p>Göteborgs universitet, Sprängkullsgatan 25.</p>

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Physicians receive multiple CCDs for a single patient encompassing various encounters and medical history recorded in different information systems. It is cumbersome for providers to explore different pages of CCDs to find specific data which can be duplicated or even conflicted. This study describes the steps towards a system that integrates multiple CCDs into one consolidated document for viewing or processing patient-level data. Also, the impact of the system on healthcare providers’ perceived workload is evaluated. A modular system is developed to consolidate and de-duplicate CDA-based documents. The system is engineered to be scalable, extensible and open source. The system’s performance and output has evaluated first based on synthesized data and later based on real-world CCDs obtained from INPC database. The accuracy of the consolidation system along with the gaps in identification of the duplications were assessed. Finally, the impact of the system on healthcare providers’ workload is evaluated using NASA TLX tool. All of the synthesized CCDs were successfully consolidated, and no data were lost. The de-duplication accuracy was 100% based on synthesized data and the processing time for each document was 1.12 seconds. For real-world CCDs, our system de-duplicated 99.1% of the problems, 87.0% of allergies, and 91.7% of medications. Although the accuracy of the system is still very promising, however, there is a minor inaccuracy. Due to system improvements, the processing time for each document is reduced to average 0.38 seconds for each CCD. The result of NASA TLX evaluation shows that the system significantly decreases healthcare providers’ perceived workload. Also, it is observed that information reconciliation reduces the medical errors. The time for review of medical documents review time is significantly reduced after CCD consolidation. Given increasing adoption and use of Health Information Exchange (HIE) to share data and information across the care continuum, duplication of information is inevitable. A novel system designed to support automated consolidation and de-duplication of information across clinical documents as they are exchanged shows promise. Future work is needed to expand the capabilities of the system and further test it using heterogeneous vocabularies across multiple HIE scenarios.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The emergence of information exchange and act of offering features through external interfaces is a vast but immensely valuable challenge, and essential elements of learning environments cannot be excluded. Nowadays, there are a lot of different service providers working in the learning systems market and each of them has their own advantages. On that premise, in today's world even large learning management systems are trying to cooperate with each other in order to be best. For instance, Instructure is a substantial company and can easily employ a dedicated team tasked with the development of a video conferencing functionality, but it chooses to use an open source alternative instead: The BigBlueButton. Unfortunately, different learning system manufacturers are using different technologies for various reasons, making integration that much harder. Standards in learning environments have come to resolve problems regarding exchanging information, providing and consuming functionalities externally and simultaneously minimizing the amount of effort needed to integrate systems. In addition to defining and simplifying these standards, careful consideration is essential when designing new, comprehensive and useful systems, as well as adding interoperability to existing systems, all which subsequently took part in this research. In this research I have reviewed most of the standards and protocols for integration in learning environments and proposed a revised approach for app stores in learning environments. Finally, as a case study, a learning tool has been developed to avail essential functionalities of a social educational learning management system integrated with other learning management systems. This tool supports the dominant and most popular standards for interoperability and can be added to learning management systems within seconds.