Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Everaldo Hans Studt Klein.pdf: 5165097 bytes, checksum: ccfbfbc6baec84bc829dad886555adf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-15 / It was conducted a survey of the major diseases that occur in orchids in the State of Rio de Janeiro, through collection of plants in various localities in the period April 2006 to June 2008. Fifty-three plants had their diseases and pathogens identified, of which 35.9% were infected by fungi, being 17% by Fusarium oxysporum, 13.2% by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, 1,9% by Botrytis sp., 1,9% by Puccinia sp. and 1.9% by Phyllosticta capitalensis. 51% of the plants were infected by virus with simple and double infections of Cymbidium mosaic virus - CymMV and Odontoglossum ringspot virus - ORSV. 1.9% were infected by the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and 3.8% by nematodes of the genus Aphelenchoides. The nematodes Aphelenchoides fragariae and A. ritzemabosi were identified infecting hybrid orchids, which is the first report of parasitism of these nematodes in orchid and of A. ritzemabosi parasiting Asplenium nidus L. in Brazil. It also made the first record of the occurrence of Cymbidium mosaic virus - CymMV infecting Bamboo orchid Arundina bambusifolia Lindl. in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Based on the identification of pathogens of that survey, it was developed a diagnostic kit for the main diseases of orchids. Aiming to test antimycotic properties of three substances in culture medium for cultivation of orchids, using as test- plants Sophronitis cernua Lindl. and Epidendrum ellipticum Grah. Of the substances tested, only powdered cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl), at the dose of 6 grams / liter positively influenced the germination of seeds of Epidendrum ellipticum Graham, and the addition of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) at doses of 3, 5 and 6 grams / liter caused the inhibition of in vitro germination of seeds of Epidendrum ellipticum Graham. and Sophronitis cernua (Lindl.) Hook. The addition of commercial garlic (Allium sativum L.) powder in doses of 6 and 10 grams / litre, also inhibited in vitro germination of seeds of Epidendrum ellipticum Graham. / Foi realizado levantamento das principais doen?as que ocorrem em orqu?deas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, atrav?s de coleta de plantas em v?rias Localidades, no per?odo de abril de 2006 a junho de 2008. Cinq?enta e tr?s plantas tiveram suas doen?as e pat?genos identificados, dos quais 35,9% das plantas estavam infectadas por fungos, sendo 17% por Fusarium oxysporum, 13,2% por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, 1,9 % por Botrytis sp., 1,9% por Puccinia sp. e 1,9% por Phyllosticta capitalensis. 51% das plantas estavam infectadas por v?rus com infec??es simples e duplas de Cymbidium mosaic virus - CymMV e Odontoglossum ringspot virus - ORSV. 1,9 % estavam infectadas pela bact?ria Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum e 3,8 % por nemat?ides do g?nero Aphelenchoides. Foram identificados os nemat?ides Aphelenchoides fragariae e A. ritzemabosi infectando orqu?deas h?bridas, sendo esse o primeiro relato de parasitismo desses nemat?ides em orqu?dea e de A. ritzemabosi em Asplenium nidus L., no Brasil. Foi feito tamb?m o primeiro registro da ocorr?ncia Cymbidium mosaic virus CymMV infectando plantas da esp?cie Arundina bambusifolia Lindl. no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Com base na identifica??o dos pat?genos desse levantamento, desenvolveu-se um kit diagn?stico para os principais fitopat?genos de orqu?dea. Objetivou-se testar tr?s subst?ncias de propriedades fungist?ticas em meio de cultivo de propaga??o de orqu?deas, utilizando-se como plantas-teste Sophronitis cernua Lindl. e Epidendrum ellipticum Grah.. Das subst?ncias testadas, apenas canela em p? (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl), na dosagem de 6 gramas / litro influenciou positivamente a germina??o de sementes de Epidendrum ellipticum Graham, sendo que o acr?scimo de cravo-da-?ndia (Syzygium aromaticum) comercial picado nas doses de 3, 5 e 6 g/l causou a inibi??o da germina??o in vitro das sementes de Epidendrum ellipticum Graham. e Sophronitis cernua (Lindl.) Hook. O acr?scimo de alho (Allium sativum L.) em p? comercial nas doses de 6 e 10 g/l, tamb?m inibiu a germina??o in vitro das sementes de Epidendrum ellipticum Graham.