The impact of liming (10 t ha-1 of calcitic and dolomitic limestone, separately) on the soil solution and soil matrix was investigated in an acidic metal-contaminated soil from Sudbury, ON. A soil mesocosm experiment was performed; columns were leached with simulated rainwater and the soil solution collected at various locations throughout the soil column. The dissolution rate of calcitic limestone used for this experiment was found to be approximately double that of the dolomitic limestone investigated. Calcium and Mg released during limestone dissolution migrated through the soil profile to the Bf-BC interface. The addition of limestone increased the pH and decreases the bioavailability of Ni, Cu, Co, Cd, As, Ba, Mn, and Zn the LFH horizon. Amending acid, contaminated soils with calcitic or dolomitic limestone has profound effects on soil solution chemistry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-09-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 manetti_fa_me_botfca.pdf: 473618 bytes, checksum: e05c02e7c8f686cc2f1ffa75ea5e1616 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Com a finalidade de avaliar os efeitos do momento da aplicação isolados e conjuntos do calcário e do gesso no crescimento vegetativo de plantas de milho. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação e conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, localizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA da Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, textura média, Unidade Patrulha. Os tratamentos foram:- T1- sem calcário calcítico e sem gesso (testemunha); T2 - com calcário calcítico e sem gesso; T3 - sem calcário calcítico e com gesso; T4 - calcário calcítico aplicado 30 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T5 - calcário calcítico aplicado 15 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T6 - calcário calcítico aplicado junto ao momento de aplicação do gesso (mistura); T7 - calcário calcítico aplicado 15 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T8 - calcário calcítico aplicado 30 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T9 - calcário calcítico e gesso (mistura) aplicado na superfície 30 dias antes da semeadura (das); T1- sem calcário dolomítico e sem gesso (testemunha); T2 - com calcário dolomítico e sem gesso; T3 - sem calcário dolomítico e com gesso; T4 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 30 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T5 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 15 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T6 - calcário dolomítico aplicado junto ao momento de aplicação do gesso (mistura); T7 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 15 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T8 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 30 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T9 - calcário dolomítico e gesso (mistura) aplicado na superfície 30 dias antes da semeadura (das). Esses tratamentos foram aplicados nos três primeiros anéis de 7,0 cm cada, totalizando 21 cm, de colunas de PVC de... / With the purpose to appraise the effects of the superposition, isolated and together, of the limestone and the gypsum in the vegetative growth of maize plants, to the forty days after the emergence, as well as in the extraction of the nutrients by the aerial portion of the plants, beyond its effects on the behavior of some chemical features from the superficial layer of the soil, was accomplished this study. The experiment had been settled and guided at the experimental area on Natural Resources Department - Soil Science, located in the Experimental Farm Lageado, of the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA - from Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus of Botucatu, in a dystrophic clayey Rhodic Hapludox, average texture, Unidade Patrulha.The treatments had been defined by the moments of the applications of the two types of limestones, calcitic and dolimitic, with and without gypsum and agricultural gypsum only. These treatments had been applied in three first rings of 7,0cm each, totalizing 21cm, from PVC columns of 49cm of height and 10cm of diameter. The experimental outlining had been made in blocks, in factorial arrangement of 9x2, with four repetitions.The harvest had been made to the forty days after the emergence, having been the plants cut close to the soil and measured like: heights from the stalk's base to the first sheath and the edge of the biggest leaf; stalk's diameter; numbers of leafs for plants; fresh and dry matter...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Carlos Sérgio Tiritan / Resumo: Com a finalidade de avaliar os efeitos do momento da aplicação isolados e conjuntos do calcário e do gesso no crescimento vegetativo de plantas de milho. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação e conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, localizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA da Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, textura média, Unidade Patrulha. Os tratamentos foram:- T1- sem calcário calcítico e sem gesso (testemunha); T2 - com calcário calcítico e sem gesso; T3 - sem calcário calcítico e com gesso; T4 - calcário calcítico aplicado 30 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T5 - calcário calcítico aplicado 15 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T6 - calcário calcítico aplicado junto ao momento de aplicação do gesso (mistura); T7 - calcário calcítico aplicado 15 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T8 - calcário calcítico aplicado 30 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T9 - calcário calcítico e gesso (mistura) aplicado na superfície 30 dias antes da semeadura (das); T1- sem calcário dolomítico e sem gesso (testemunha); T2 - com calcário dolomítico e sem gesso; T3 - sem calcário dolomítico e com gesso; T4 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 30 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T5 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 15 dias antes da aplicação do gesso; T6 - calcário dolomítico aplicado junto ao momento de aplicação do gesso (mistura); T7 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 15 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T8 - calcário dolomítico aplicado 30 dias após a aplicação do gesso; T9 - calcário dolomítico e gesso (mistura) aplicado na superfície 30 dias antes da semeadura (das). Esses tratamentos foram aplicados nos três primeiros anéis de 7,0 cm cada, totalizando 21 cm, de colunas de PVC de...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With the purpose to appraise the effects of the superposition, isolated and together, of the limestone and the gypsum in the vegetative growth of maize plants, to the forty days after the emergence, as well as in the extraction of the nutrients by the aerial portion of the plants, beyond its effects on the behavior of some chemical features from the superficial layer of the soil, was accomplished this study. The experiment had been settled and guided at the experimental area on Natural Resources Department - Soil Science, located in the Experimental Farm "Lageado", of the "Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA - from "Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus of Botucatu, in a dystrophic clayey Rhodic Hapludox, average texture, "Unidade Patrulha".The treatments had been defined by the moments of the applications of the two types of limestones, calcitic and dolimitic, with and without gypsum and agricultural gypsum only. These treatments had been applied in three first rings of 7,0cm each, totalizing 21cm, from PVC columns of 49cm of height and 10cm of diameter. The experimental outlining had been made in blocks, in factorial arrangement of 9x2, with four repetitions.The harvest had been made to the forty days after the emergence, having been the plants cut close to the soil and measured like: heights from the stalk's base to the first sheath and the edge of the biggest leaf; stalk's diameter; numbers of leafs for plants; fresh and dry matter...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Environmental contamination issues related to phosphorus (P) in surface waters substantiates the need to identify minimally-sufficient P fertilization amounts for production of containerized nursery crops and better understand the effect of routine amendments (i.e., dolomite [DL] and micronutrient fertilizer [MF]) added to pine bark substrates on chemical fate of P fertilizer. Four studies were conducted to accomplish two overarching objectives: 1) determine the minimum P fertilization amount and corresponding pore-water P concentration needed to achieve maximal growth of common containerized nursery crops and 2) determine the effect of DL and MF amendments in pine bark on P retention during irrigation and P fractions in substrate pore-water. In a fertigation, greenhouse study, calculated lowest P-fertilizer concentration that sustained maximal growth in Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’ (panicle hydrangea) and Rhododendron ‘Karen’ (azalea) was 4.7 and 2.9 mg·L⁻¹ , respectively, and shoot growth Ilex crenata ‘Helleri’ (holly) was the same when fertilized with 0.5 to 6.0 mg·L⁻¹ P. Porewater P concentrations corresponding with treatments that sustained maximal growth of panicle hydrangea, azalea and holly were as low as 0.6, 2.2 and 0.08 mg·L⁻¹ P, respectively. In a separate study, utilizing low-P controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs), shoot growth of Hydrangea macrophylla ‘P11HM-11’ (bigleaf hydrangea) produced in two ecoregions was maximal when fertilized with as little as 0.3 g CRF-P per 3.8-L container, a 50% P reduction from the industrystandard CRF. Holly required 0.2 or 0.4 g CRF-P depending on ecoregion. Mean pore-water P concentrations that corresponded with highest SDW were 0.8 and 1.2 mg·L⁻¹ for hydrangea and holly, respectively. When irrigating fallow pine bark columns containing CRF for 48 d, amending pine bark with DL and MF reduced orthophosphate-P (OP-P) leachate concentrations by ≈ 70%, most of which was retained within the substrate. In a greenhouse study, containerized Lagerstroemia ‘Natchez’ (crape myrtle) were grown for 91 d in pine bark containing CRF. In pine bark amended with DL and MF, pore-water OP-P and total P concentrations, measured approximately weekly, were reduced by, on average, 64% and 58%, respectively. Total dry weight values of plants grown with DL plus MF or MF-only were 40% higher than those grown with no amendments; however, tissue P amounts and relative P uptake efficiency were the same among plants in these three treatments. Therefore, sorption of OP-P by DL and MF reduced water-extractable OP-P but did not limit P uptake by plants. / Ph. D.

Ce travail a pour objectif de tester des solutions viables et durables pour la phytoremédiation de sols contaminés en éléments traces. Il inclut à la fois des données sur l'évaluation initiale et résiduelle des risques (biomonitoring) et sur des solutions de phytomanagement à long terme utilisant des plantes et microorganismes associés, en particulier la phytoextraction aidée couplant l’épuisement du pool labile de contaminants du sol, la production de matière première végétale et la restauration de services écosystémiques. La phytotoxicité du Cu, le rôle améliorant des amendements organiques et minéraux et la tolérance des plantes ont été examinés utilisant des essais biologiques ainsi qu’une technique de dilution du sol. L'utilité d’une lignée de mutant de tournesol (Helianthus annuus) et d’une lignée parental de tabac (Nicotiana tabacum) pour le biomonitoring de sols contaminés en Cu a été investiguée. Les paramètres biochimiques qui sont en relation avec le statut antioxidant des plantes et leurs réponses moléculaires à l’excès de Cu ont en général montré une plus grande sensibilité que les traits morphologiques. Le tabac est plus tolérant au Cu que le tournesol. Des bactéries endophytes issues de différentes sources, notamment des graines d’une population métallicole d’une graminée (Agrostis capillaris) peuvent stimuler la croissance du tournesol et du tabac aux expositions en Cu modérément en excès. Pour ces plantes annuelles, accumulatrices secondaires du Cu et à phénotype d’exclusion, l'augmentation de la capacité de phytoextraction de Cu par les parties aériennes s’effectue principalement par l’accroissement de la biomasse aérienne, plutôt que par celui de sa concentration en Cu. Par conséquent, une attention a été prêtée aux pratiques agricoles dans les essais en parcelles sur site. Plusieurs options d’amélioration ont été examinées in situ: l'application d’amendements du sol, l'utilisation de lignées de mutants et de variants somaclonaux, la rotation de cultures et des cultivars, la bioaugmentation, la fertilisation, l’irrigation, etc. Deux lignées de mutants et des cultivars commerciaux de tournesol ainsi qu’une lignée parentale de tabac ont montré un fort potentiel pour la phytoextraction du Cu, accompagné d’une production significative de graines et/ou autre biomasse valorisable. Les solutions de restauration écologique basées sur la phytoextraction, utilisant des plantes annuelles accumulatrices secondaires de Cu permettraient (1) la décontamination progressive des sols contaminés en Cu au cours des rotations culturales, (2) un retour financier lié à la valorisation de la biomasse végétale, et (3) la restauration de services écosystémiques. / This work aimed at assessing sustainable phytoremediation options for trace element-contaminated soils. It includes both the assessment of initial and residual risks (biomonitoring) and long-term sustainable decontamination options using plants and associated microbes, especially aided phytoextraction with the secondary purposes of producing plant-based feedstock and restoring ecosystem services. Copper phytotoxicity, the improving role of soil conditioners, and plant tolerance were tested using a bioassay as well as a fading technique. The usefulness of a mutant line of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and a motherline of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) for the biomonitoring of Cu-contaminated soils was investigated. Biochemical parameters in relation to antioxidant status of plants and molecular responses to Cu excess generally showed a greater sensitivity than morphologic ones. Tobacco has a higher Cu tolerance than sunflower. Endophytic bacteria from various sources, notably from the seeds of metallicolous populations of grasses (Agrostis capillaris) can promote the growth of sunflower and tobacco exposed to Cu excess. For annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with an excluder phenotype, increase in shoot Cu removal occurred primarily through increase in shoot biomass, rather than in shoot Cu concentration. Therefore, attention in field trials was paid to agricultural practices. Various improving options were tested in situ: application of soil amendments, the use of mutant lines and somaclonal variation, cultivars and crop rotation, bioaugmentation, fertilization, irrigation, etc. Two mutant lines and some commercial cultivars of sunflower as well as the motherline of tobacco showed a high potential for Cu phytoextraction as well as for plant-based feedstock. Ecological restoration options for Cu-contaminated soils based on phytoextraction using annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with a high shoot biomass would (1) result in the progressive decontamination of Cu-contaminated soils during crop rotations, (2) provide a financial return through biomass valorization, and (3) promote ecosystem services.