Polímeros dopados com complexos de terras raras são materiais vantajosos na produção de filmes para várias aplicações no campo da luminescência. Neste estudo de polímeros luminescentes obtidos a partir de polímeros como o policarbonato (PC) e o poli(9-vinilcarbazol) (PVK), os filmes dopados com o complexo diaquatris (tenoiltrifluoroacetonato) de európio (III) [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2] foram preparados e suas propriedades térmicas e luminescentes no estado sólido relatadas. O comportamento térmico foi investigado por uso de calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC) e análise termogravimétrica (TGA). Devido à adição de complexo terras raras [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2] na matriz de PC e PVK, foram observadas alterações no comportamento térmico, relativo à transição vítrea e estabilidade térmica. As emissões finas características do íon Eu3+ decorrentes das transições 5DO → 7FJ (J = 0-4) indicaram a incorporação de íons de Eu3+ nos polímeros. Os filmes mostraram que a intensidade de emissão luminescente aumenta com o aumento da concentração de terras raras na matriz polimérica acompanhado por uma diminuição na estabilidade térmica. / Polymers doped with rare earth complexes are advantaged in film production for many applications in the luminescent field. In this study luminescent polymer obtained from polycarbonate (PC) and poly (9-vinylcarbazole) films doped with diaquatris (thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) europium (III) complex [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2] were prepared and their calorimetric and luminescent properties in the solid state are reported. The thermal behavior was investigated by differential scannig calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Due of the addition of rare earth [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2] into PC and PVK matrices, changes were observed in the thermal behavior concerning the glass transition and thermal stability. Characteristic broadened narrow bands arising from de 5DO → 7FJ transitions (J = 0-4) of Eu3+ ion indicate the incorporation of the Eu3+ ions into those polymers. The luminescent films show enhancement emission intensity with an increase in the rare earth concentration in polymeric matrix accompanied by decrease in thermal stability.

O presente trabalho realiza a investigação de interações hiperfinas em amostras de silício monocristalino através da técnica de Correlação Angular γ-γ Perturbada (CAP), baseada em interações hiperfinas. Para a realização das medidas, utilizou-se núcleos de prova radioativos de 111In -> 111Cd que decaem através da cascata gama 177-245keV com nível intermediário de 245keV (I = 5+/2 , Q = 0.83b, T1/2 = 84.5ns). As amostras foram confeccionadas utilizando vários métodos de inserção de núcleos de prova, possibilitando maior compreensão acerca dos impactos gerados por cada um destes métodos nas medidas CAP. As técnicas de implantação iônica, difusão e evaporação foram cuidadosamente investigadas ressaltando-se suas particularidades. Realizou-se então, um estudo acerca das concentrações de defeitos intrínsecos em função de vários processos de tratamento térmico. Finalmente, foi feita uma análise comparativa para os vários métodos de inserção dos núcleos de prova. Realizou-se, também, medidas CAP em silício monocristalino dopado com fósforo através do processo NTD. A altíssima uniformidade de dopagem associada a este método aliada à inexistência de medidas para este tipo de material ressaltam a relevância dos resultados obtidos. Estes resultados são então comparados com os resultados da literatura para amostras dopadas através de métodos convencionais apresentando-se as respectivas conclusões. / In the present work, a microscopic investigation of hyperfine interactions in single crystal silicon samples was carried out by means of Perturbed Angular γ-γ Correlation technique (PAC), which is based in hyperfine interactions. In order to achieve these measurements, it was used 111In ->111Cd radioactive probe nuclei, which decay through the well known γ cascade 177-245keV with an intermediate level of 245keV (I = 5+/2 , Q = 0.83b , T1/2 = 84.5ns). The samples were prepared using diferent probe nuclei insertion methods, making possible to increase our understanding on the impact generated by each of these techniques in PAC measurements. Ion implantation, difusion and evaporation were carefully investigated giving emphasis on its characteristics and particularities. Then, it was made a study about the concentration of intrinsic defects as function of several annealing processes. Finally, a comparative analysis was made for all these probe nuclei insertion methods. This work also accomplished PAC measurements in single crystal silicon doped with phosphorus by means of NTD method, carried out in a research nuclear reactor. The extremely high doping uniformity allied to the non-existence of previous measurements in these materials emphasize the importance of the results obtained. These results are then compared with literature results for samples doped by conventional methods presenting the respective conclusions.

No description available.

La thèse porte sur l’étude des verres d’encapsulation pour des cellules solaires en silicium monocristallin. Deux pistes ont été explorées pour réduire les pertes d’efficacité dues à l’encapsulation : la réduction de la réflexion de verres à base de silice avec des couches antireflets ainsi que l’utilisation de verres fluorés dopés terres rares à conversion de fréquence. Dans le premier cas, des couches antireflets ont été déposées sur des verres à base de silice par la méthode sol-gel. Les caractérisations optiques des verres ont été réalisées par spectrophotométrie et ellipsométrie et l’influence des différents verres sur les caractéristiques densité de courant-tension (J-V) ont été testées sous simulateur solaire dans des conditions standards (AM1.5 et 100 mW/cm2) pour une ou plusieurs cellules de référence. Une autre piste explorée a été celle des verres fluorés dopés terres rares ayant des propriétés de conversion de fréquence (conversion de photons non absorbés vers une énergie proche du gap optique du silicium). Des matrices fluorées de type ZBLA et ZLAG dopées terres rares (Pr3+, Tm3+, Yb3+) ont été utilisées. L’influence du dopage sur les performances électriques des cellules encapsulées a été étudiée en corrélation avec les propriétés physiques et optiques (transfert d’énergie, photoluminescence, transmittance) des verres. Le bénéfice de la conversion de fréquence a pour la première fois été montrée sur les caractéristiques J-V pour des échantillons co-dopés Pr3+-Yb3+. De plus, les caractéristiques des cellules de référence en utilisant ces nouveaux verres d’encapsulation ont été comparées à celles des verres utilisés habituellement dans l’industrie. / The thesis studies the encapsulation glass for monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Two ways were explored to reduce the efficiency loss due to encapsulation: reducing reflection losses of silica based glasses with antireflection layers and the use of rareearth- doped fluoride glass for frequency conversion. On the one hand, antireflection layers have been deposited on the silica glass by sol-gel method. The optical characterizations were carried out by spectrophotometry and ellipsometry and the influence of different encapsulation glasses on the current density-voltage characteristics (J-V) were measured under solar simulator irradiation in standard conditions (AM1.5 and 100 mW/cm2) for various reference cells. On the other hand, the rare-earth-doped fluoride glasses which they can convert frequencies in order to change the energy of photons to energies adapted to the optical gap of the silicon has been investigated. The glasses used are fluorinated matrix ZLAG and ZBLA doped with rareearth elements (Pr3+, Tm3+, Yb3+). The effect of doping on the electrical performance of encapsulated cells was studied correlated with physical and optical properties of glasses (energy transfer, luminescence, transmittance). Frequency conversion was demonstrated by luminescence for all of the rare-earth-doped samples. Then the most promising results for encapsulating was found for codoped Yb3+-Pr3+ ZBLA glass. The benefit of the frequency conversion was shown for the first time in J-V characteristics. Then, characteristics of the reference cells with these new encapsulating glasses were compared to those from glasses commonly used in the photovoltaic modules industry

Thesis (Ph.D.); Submitted to the Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (US); 20 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. "LA-14197-T" A. Ayala. 12/20/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

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