Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 11 uppsatser.

Thesis (doctoral)--Linköping University, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-330).

A repeated case study design was used that combined data from the application of the Q-technique and semi-structured family interviews, to examine the effects of alcohol on family interaction. Two families were selected on the basis that they represented examples of binge or alternating patterns of drinking and sobriety as defined by Steinglass (1987) . The families were identified and referred to the project through an Alcohol and Drug Outpatient Treatment Program. Individual family members Q-sorted 60 items drawn from the McMaster Family Assessment Device developed by Epstein, Baldwin and Bishop (1983) into seven categories that ranged from most like, to least like, their particular family, during both drinking and non-drinking times. The family as a group then together Q-sorted the items. Q-sort results for each sorting occasion were made into a correlational matrix, then subjected to a principal components analysis. The results were analyzed to identify similar themes or patterns. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

Existing research into the relationship between alcohol consumption and smoking is confounded by many methodological limitations. Experimental research has often been conducted with all male samples, suffering from alcoholism or drug abuse, and is often conducted in the laboratory or on medical research wards. It frequently fails to account for confounding factors such as the presence of other people who may also be drinking and smoking. This research aims to overcome some of these limitations, and to extend understanding of the drinking-smoking relationship by examining the influence of social context and social interaction. Moderating effects of personality, alcohol expectancies, and smoking motivations on these relationships are also explored. Effects of alcohol consumption, social interaction and social context on mood are examined and relationships between personality, alcohol expectancies and smoking motivations are explored. The thesis is comprised of five studies, the first of which describes the development of a modified measure of sensation seeking. This was followed by an experiment that examined the effects of social context and social interaction on the alcohol-smoking relationship. The two subsequent experiments examined effects of social context and Social interaction separately. The final questionnaire study focussed on relationships between self-reported drinking and smoking, and relationships with personality, alcohol expectancies and smoking motivations. Support was found for the alcohol-smoking relationship, providing evidence for the following theories: conditioning, where alcohol may act as a conditioned stimulus and initiate smoking; cue exposure where smoking related cues such as alcohol, social context or the presence of others may initiate smoking; and pharmacological where the pharmacological effects of alcohol and nicotine may interact. Social context also had an effect on the subjective experience of alcohol consumption, providing support for a drug compensatory response as greater feelings of intoxication were experienced in the laboratory than the bar. Evidence for an interaction effect between social Context and alcohol consumption on mood was observed where more positive mood Was observed in the bar when alcohol had been consumed. Social interaction exerted an effect on smoking where evidence for modelling was observed. The smoking motivation restful and relaxing situations and the personality trait intensity also appeared to moderate the relationship between social context and smoking. The final questionnaire study confirmed that smokers consumed more alcohol than non-smokers, and displayed higher levels of extraversion, psychoticism, novelty and intensity. Extraversion, psychoticism, novelty and intensity were positively related to alcohol consumption, and social desirability was negatively related to consumption. This study also identified the smoking motivations and alcohol expectancies most strongly related to smoking and drinking respectively. Evidence for under-reporting alcohol consumption was established in the final study, and highlights improvements to be gained through using a seven day diary recall method for recording self-reported weekly alcohol consumption. Further research could explore the effects of stronger doses of alcohol on smoking across more diverse contexts and social situations. Further research could also focus on the effects of more specific cues on smoking, and explore modelling effects on smoking following alcohol consumption in greater depth.

No description available.

Thesis (MPH) -- University of Limpopo, 2012. / Background: Over the last few decades, soft drink consumption has been steadily increasing especially at an alarming rate among adolescents. Soft drinks have been associated with positive energy intake. An unhealthy diet along with a lack of physical activity is a major risk factor for health problems like overweight and obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Children and adolescents are becoming very susceptible to the development of NCDs due to an increase in consumption of heavily processed and highly caloric foods, leading to early onset of morbidity. Aim of the study: To investigate soft drink consumption among grade 11 and 12 learners at a secondary school in Gauteng, South Africa Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted among 382 learners (grade 11 and 12) of Liverpool secondary school. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. STATA version 10 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: All learners who participated in the survey reported that they consumed soft drinks over the past 12 months. Out of the 382 learners, only 55 (14.4%) were non-frequent consumers. Carbonated drinks were the most commonly consumed (73.6%). Factors such as frequent snacking (p=0.042), frequent fast food consumption (p=0.001) and easy availability of soft drinks (p=0.00) positively influenced the consumption of soft drinks. Over 55% of the learners had very poor knowledge about the health effects caused by increased consumption of soft drinks. Conclusion: In line with the high consumption of soft drinks, the level of awareness of the health effects of these unhealthy dietary practices among the learners in this study is very poor. Interventions to improve good or healthy dietary habits have to be started both at the home and school level.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.