Thesis (docotral)--Universität Erlangen, 1932. / Includes bibliographical references (p. vii-x).

No description available.

Driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) is well recognized as one of the key human factors that increase the risks of traffic accidents and associated injuries and fatalities. These risks increase rapidly with the alcohol concentration in human body. Unfortunately, drink-driving not only increases the accident and injury risks of drivers, but also increases the risks to innocent road users. Despite the decrease in the number of alcohol-related accidents over the past decade, few comprehensive studies have investigated the relationship between the drivers’ alcohol consumption, the actual impairment in driving performance due to alcohol, and the resulting accident and injury risks. Therefore, the development of an appropriate road safety policy framework would help to formulate appropriate measures and penalties for combating drink-driving, thus reducing the associated injuries and fatalities in the long term. To better understand the relationship between drink-driving and traffic safety, this study attempts to evaluate the alcohol-impaired effect on traffic safety in a three-pronged approach: risk analysis, physiological performance, and attitudinal evaluation. For the crash risk analysis, impairment effects of alcohol on the severity of injuries and road crashes in Hong Kong were determined using the comprehensive random breath test (RBT) data. For the physiological performance, simulation study was conducted to develop a temporal profile of driver alcohol concentration and to determine the relationship between driver alcohol concentration and the actual alcohol-impaired driving performance for Chinese populations. Finally, for the attitudinal evaluation, a perception survey was used to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation on drivers’ intention to reduce drink-driving. Findings of the three-pronged analysis were then integrated to provide a useful tool for formulating effective legislation and enforcement measures to combat drink-driving, with respect to the driver’s perceptions, observed driving performance, and actual road safety levels in the long term. / published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [12-26]).

This thesis tests one of the major propositions of deterrence theory: that increases in the severity of punishment can reduce the likelihood of offending. To this end, a case study in which the statutory penalties were doubled for almost all drink-driving offences in New South Wales, Australia, is examined. Two quasi-experimental studies were undertaken to assess the impact of these legislative changes: an interrupted time-series analysis of road crash rates (Study 1) and an analysis of drink-driving reoffending rates before and after the penalty changes were implemented (Study 2). Study 1 showed a significant increase in a surrogate measure of alcohol-related road crashes after the tougher drink-driving penalties were introduced. Further analyses suggested that this increase was driven primarily by a secular rise in non alcohol-related crashes that coincided with the policy???s implementation. Two possible conclusions about the deterrent effect of the policy are drawn from these findings: (1) that there was a reduction in alcohol-related road crashes which was overwhelmed by the rise in non alcohol-related crashes occurring around the same time or (2) that there was no change in crash rates. Study 2 found that drink-drivers who were convicted under the new penalty regime were less likely, and took longer, to reoffend than drink-drivers convicted before the introduction of the new penalties. This reduction in reoffending was only apparent for drink-drivers residing in country and regional areas and was small in magnitude.These latter findings are consistent with the possibility that the penalty changes coincided with a reduction in alcohol-related crashes but suggest that any decrease is likely to have been relatively small. A third study using a scenario-based survey methodology was also undertaken to examine the relationship between legal sanctions and willingness to drink-drive, controlling for other factors. The results of this study showed that participants who were more knowledgeable about drink-driving penalties were less likely to state that they would offend in the drink-driving scenario than participants who were less knowledgeable about the law. The implications of these findings for deterrence theory and criminal justice policy are discussed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p.100-116). Also available online via the OhioLINK website (http://www.ohiolink.edu/).

This thesis tests one of the major propositions of deterrence theory: that increases in the severity of punishment can reduce the likelihood of offending. To this end, a case study in which the statutory penalties were doubled for almost all drink-driving offences in New South Wales, Australia, is examined. Two quasi-experimental studies were undertaken to assess the impact of these legislative changes: an interrupted time-series analysis of road crash rates (Study 1) and an analysis of drink-driving reoffending rates before and after the penalty changes were implemented (Study 2). Study 1 showed a significant increase in a surrogate measure of alcohol-related road crashes after the tougher drink-driving penalties were introduced. Further analyses suggested that this increase was driven primarily by a secular rise in non alcohol-related crashes that coincided with the policy???s implementation. Two possible conclusions about the deterrent effect of the policy are drawn from these findings: (1) that there was a reduction in alcohol-related road crashes which was overwhelmed by the rise in non alcohol-related crashes occurring around the same time or (2) that there was no change in crash rates. Study 2 found that drink-drivers who were convicted under the new penalty regime were less likely, and took longer, to reoffend than drink-drivers convicted before the introduction of the new penalties. This reduction in reoffending was only apparent for drink-drivers residing in country and regional areas and was small in magnitude.These latter findings are consistent with the possibility that the penalty changes coincided with a reduction in alcohol-related crashes but suggest that any decrease is likely to have been relatively small. A third study using a scenario-based survey methodology was also undertaken to examine the relationship between legal sanctions and willingness to drink-drive, controlling for other factors. The results of this study showed that participants who were more knowledgeable about drink-driving penalties were less likely to state that they would offend in the drink-driving scenario than participants who were less knowledgeable about the law. The implications of these findings for deterrence theory and criminal justice policy are discussed.

Thesis (M.A.)--Northern Kentucky University, 2007. / Made available through ProQuest. Publication number: AAT 1441322. ProQuest document ID: 1283974341. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-37)

As part of the national effort to reduce drunk driving, servers of alcohol are being held liable for their alcohol-serving behavior with increasing frequency. In response to these drunk driving prevention efforts, the Training for Intervention' Procedures by Servers of Alcohol (TIPS) program was developed to teach servers skills thought necessary for acceptable standards of practice for serving alcoholic beverages. The current study evaluated the potential of this program to aid in decreasing alcoholimpaired driving. Subjects were 17 waiters, waitresses, and bartenders who were employed at two bars. After the baseline period, the servers completed successfully the 6-hour TIPS training course. Research assistants posing as regular patrons (i.e., 'pseudopatrons') visited two target bars throughout the course of the study. These pseudopatrons set the occasion for server intervention to occur by attempting to drink six alcoholic beverages in two hours. Naturalistic data were collected by having a partner with a hidden microphone record all interactions between the server and pseudopatron. The partner also noted any signs of intoxication exhibited by the pseudopatron. The results revealed that servers who had received TIPS training initiated more interventions than untrained personnel. Moreover, pseudopatrons served by TIPS trained personnel had significantly lower blood-alcohol levels and exhibited fewer signs of intoxication than those served by untrained servers. These results suggest that, if implemented on a large scale, the TIPS program has the potential to reduce drunk driving by helping to decrease the exit blood-alcohol levels of bar patrons. The need to investigate the maintenance of server intervention behavior is discussed and other suggestions for future research are presented. / Ph. D.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-136). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center