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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Etude expérimentale et théorique du début de l'atomisation des films liquides cisaillés horizontaux en présence d'un changement brusque de géométrie : application aux essuie-glaces

Bacharoudis, Evangelos 28 November 2012 (has links)
La conduite à grande vitesse d’une voiture dans des conditions dangereuses, tel un environnement très poussiéreux, est une des situations auxquelles sont confrontés les conducteurs. Dans ce cas, les essuie-glaces doivent fonctionner correctement et nettoyer efficacement le pare-brise sale pour à la fois assurer la sécurité des passagers et le bon fonctionnement des différents organes du véhicule. La mise en route des essuie-glaces entraîne l’activation des buses d’injection du liquide nettoyant qui s’atomise et qui se dépose sur les essuie-glaces et le pare-brise. Une fine couche du liquide se développe sur les surfaces des balais d’essuie-glace. Lorsque l’injection s’arrête et que les essuie-glaces continuent leur mouvement, la fine couche de liquide interagit avec le champ d’écoulement d’air extérieur. Il en résulte une génération de gouttelettes qui sont emportées par l’air en s’éloignant des balais d’essuie-glace. Une partie de ces gouttelettes impacte le pare-brise avec pour conséquence un nettoyage insuffisant et une mauvaise visibilité pour le conducteur. Dans cet exemple, les essuie-glaces peuvent à la fois enlever la poussière du pare-brise mais aussi être à l’origine de la formation des gouttelettes et de leur impact sur le pare-brise. Le phénomène d’interaction air-liquide sur les essuie-glaces produisant une génération de gouttelettes, leur transport et leur impact sur le pare-brise est connu sous le vocable ‘Overspray’ dans le domaine de l’automobile. Il est important de tenir compte du phénomène d’Overspray pour la conception et laréalisation des essuie-glaces. Bien que ce phénomène ait été mis en évidence depuis longtemps, les mécanismes qui le régissent demeurent encore peu connus. C’est pour cette raison que les essuie-glaces ne parviennent pas à satisfaire tous les critères de qualité liée à leur fonction. Cette thèse vise à une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de l’Overspray en mettant l’accent sur les interactions air-liquide pour la génération des gouttelettes, et plus particulièrement sur les conditions critiques où le film commence à s’atomiser. Cette étude a été réalisée essentiellement par voie expérimentale à partir de laquelle un modèle a été proposé. / Driving the car in hazard conditions, like an environment with a lot of dust, is a case which is encountered often by the drivers. The wiper blades have to work successfully and clean the dirty windshield for both the safety of the passengers and the functionality of the car. Activating the car nozzle jets, washer is ejected from the nozzles towards the wiper blades and the windshield. A thin layer of liquid is developed on the surfaces of the wiper blades. When the nozzle jets stop and the wiper blades continue to move, the thin layer of liquid interacts with the strong external air flow field. The result of the interaction is the generation of droplets which are transported by the air flow far from the wiper blades. However, a part of those droplets impact on the windshield resulting in an insufficient cleaning of the screen and the deterioration of the driver’s sight. The wiper blades may remove the dust from the screen but they will cause the droplet impact on it. The phenomenon of the air-liquid interaction on the wiper blades involving the droplet generation, transport and impact on the screen is known as Overspray in the automotive domain. The Overspray is an important parameter for the design and development of the wiper blades. Although Overspray has been observed quite early, little is known for the mechanisms involved in. Thus, the wiper blades still suffer to clean the windshield adequately in such conditions. The current thesis aims to give a deep insight in the Overspray focusing more on the air-liquid interactions for the droplet generation, especially, the investigation of the critical conditions for the onset of the film atomization from the blade surfaces. For that reason mainly experimental and theoretical work has been conducted.
2

Impacts of Driving Patterns on Well-to-wheel Performance of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Raykin, Leonid 27 November 2013 (has links)
The well-to-wheel (WTW) environmental performance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is sensitive to driving patterns, which vary within and across regions. This thesis develops and applies a novel approach for estimating specific regional driving patterns. The approach employs a macroscopic traffic assignment model linked with a vehicle motion model to construct driving cycles, which is done for a wide range of driving patterns. For each driving cycle, the tank-to-wheel energy use of two PHEVs and comparable non-plug-in alternatives is estimated. These estimates are then employed within a WTW analysis to investigate implications of driving patterns on the energy use and greenhouse gas emission of PHEVs, and the WTW performance of PHEVs relative to non-plug-in alternatives for various electricity generation scenarios. The results of the WTW analysis demonstrate that driving patterns and the electricity generation supply interact to substantially impact the WTW performance of PHEVs.
3

Impacts of Driving Patterns on Well-to-wheel Performance of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Raykin, Leonid 27 November 2013 (has links)
The well-to-wheel (WTW) environmental performance of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is sensitive to driving patterns, which vary within and across regions. This thesis develops and applies a novel approach for estimating specific regional driving patterns. The approach employs a macroscopic traffic assignment model linked with a vehicle motion model to construct driving cycles, which is done for a wide range of driving patterns. For each driving cycle, the tank-to-wheel energy use of two PHEVs and comparable non-plug-in alternatives is estimated. These estimates are then employed within a WTW analysis to investigate implications of driving patterns on the energy use and greenhouse gas emission of PHEVs, and the WTW performance of PHEVs relative to non-plug-in alternatives for various electricity generation scenarios. The results of the WTW analysis demonstrate that driving patterns and the electricity generation supply interact to substantially impact the WTW performance of PHEVs.

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