The US put Taiwan into the list of drug trafficking country in 1990. The image of Taiwan has been seriously damaged so our government changed the ¡§Drug Purging Statute of Suppressing Rebellion Period¡¨ to ¡§Statute of Drug Purging¡¨ in July 1992. The purpose of the law especially to get rid of the drug abuse, prevent from drug harm, save guard the health of the people, sustain the social order and avoid the country falling into danger. But the effect of the anti-drug abuse policy is so limited, the drug abuse issues are still getting worse. The cases are increasing day by day. Due to the complicated causes of drug abuse criminals, the criminals couldn't be corrected by prison¡¦s education and management. Therefore it's necessary to review and discuss the drug abuse prevention policy. Government formally announced ¡§to Fight against Drugs Abuse¡¨, on 12 May 1993 and ¡§Central Meeting Report¡¨ organization was set up. Nationwide anti-drug abuse meeting was held in June 1994. The means of anti-drug abuse were proposed in the meeting, which were to cut the suppliers and reduce the needs. Three key important work of the strategy of anti-drug are to crack down, reject ant quit drug. Then Government promulgated ¡§Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate¡¨ and revoked the ¡§Drug Purging Statute¡¨. For the drug abusers, first to force them to quit drug, accept therapy, exonerate from criminal law but guilt and pay attention to medical therapy. This was a revolution change of drug abuse prevention policy. ¡§Narcotic & Drug Control Stipulate¡¨ was amended¡¨ to ¡§Drug Control & Management Statute¡¨ on 2 June 1999 and changed the ¡§Division of Drug Management¡¨ to ¡§Bureau of Drug Control &Management¡¨. Owing to Taiwan¡¦s hard work on anti-drug, the US International Narcotics Control Strategy Report expelled Taiwan from the list of the world main production and trafficking country. However after issue of the ¡§Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate¡¨, thousands drug abusers are in and out of the Observing & Quitting Asylum or Quitting & Therapy Asylum every year. The degree of flooding of drug abuse has affected to society, economy, polity and regulation policy, so ¡§Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate¡§ was modified again to meet the real need and guarantee the human right in Sept. 2004. Since the newly amended law, ¡§Drug Risk Prevention Stipulate¡§, went into effect on 9 Sept. 2004, the drug crimes and related ferocious criminal cases have been happened frequently. Prisons are filled with drug criminals. That drug abuse is harmful not only to the people¡¦s mental but to the health is still exist, so the legislation and realization of Drug Prevention Statute is still dubious to the people. Through this approach, suggestions are supplied for reference about the legislation and adaptability situation of the Drug Prevention and hopefully to make our drug abuse flooding situation improved and controlled.

The myth of the “super-predator” offender was adopted by newspaper media in the mid-1990s characterizing “violent”, urban, and minority juvenile offenders. The phrase originated from newspaper headlines of the 1980s and 1990s, but limited research has identified whether this con-struct predated DiIulio and Fox’s crime surge prediction. This study sampled juvenile crime news items from The Chicago Tribune, The Los Angeles Times and The New York Times (N=2,008) 1985-1995 with defined search criteria of juvenile actors, “violent” juvenile crime, and/or juvenile drug crime. A descriptive analysis of the data determined reporting trends sought for a “period effect” caused by the publicity of the prediction and searched for the pre-existence of “super-predator” construct. Finally, a series χ2 test determined the statistical independence of “super-predator” offender, the victim, and crime characteristics, from variables of news article prominence. This study found support for identifiable trends in juvenile crime reporting, no identifiable “period effect” and mixed, but ultimately null findings, in pre-establishing the super-predator media construct. The χ2 test determined the statistical independence of “super-predator” offender, the victim, and crime characteristics, found some characteristics were statically independent of variables of article prominence, but that these relationships are weak.

This research examines the substance abuse severity problem of the male narcotics arrestees of Turkey within the framework of Akers' Social Structural and Social Learning (SSSL) model. The SSSL model is tested to understand the impact of social structural factors on drug abuse severity of narcotics offenders, in mediation of social learning process. The research design consists of secondary data analysis and modeling techniques to test the hypotheses pertaining to the SSSL model. The data, consisting of 1,647 male cases, have been obtained from the TUBIM Program. The U.S. ADAM Program year 2003 data including 6,730 cases have also been utilized with the purpose of observing the similarities and/or differences among substance abusers across the nations, as described in Chapter 5. Accordingly, the narcotics criminals of Turkey and the U.S. were compared in terms of demographic status, criminal background, substance abuse behavior and state of substance related treatment. Eventually, it was found that substance abusing populations across these two nations are significantly different. In the second phase of the study, Akers' SSSL model was developed and tested on the male narcotics offenders of Turkey. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. A model for the drug offenders whose last charge is drug related (substance abuse or substance distribution) was developed and the model's robustness was tested on those narcotics offenders who have reported committing property and violent offenses before the last charge. It is found that the impact of the social factors on drug abuse and dependence behavior through social learning constructs is non-significant except for the age variable for the drug related offenders subset. Furthermore, the impact of all social structural factors on the seriousness of substance abuse in the mediation of social learning constructs is insignificant for the property and violent offenders subset. Also, the social learning construct of the property and violent offenders' subset does not significantly influence the seriousness of substance abuse.

A temática central desta tese consiste em explorar a relação entre criminalidade, violência e desenvolvimento, através de fatores determinantes da violência. Vale notar que violência e criminalidade são estudadas por diferentes ciências, entre essas ciências, destacam-se Sociologia, Criminologia, Psiquiatria, Direito e Economia. Neste trabalho, a definição de “desenvolvimento” escolhida é a de Desenvolvimento Humano utilizada pelas Nações Unidas a qual tem como tema central a qualidade e a riqueza das vidas humanas e não apenas a produção de bens e serviços e o crescimento do produto. Sob a visão mais ampla de desenvolvimento humano, a área da Segurança Humana considera os riscos que ameaçam a qualidade de vida das pessoas, a saber: riscos naturais, financeiros, econômicos, de conflito, de terrorismo e de violência. A hipótese geral da tese parte da premissa que um desenvolvimento incompleto ou falho é acompanhado de violência, delinquência e criminalidade. Esta tese é composta por uma introdução, uma revisão de literatura econômica do crime, três ensaios com apêndice, conclusões e referências. Separadamente, cada ensaio aborda o tema desde um ângulo diferente, com modelos aplicados que usam dados de contagem em painel, em corte transversal, assim como regressão logística. De forma conjunta, os ensaios mencionados visam a auxiliar na compreensão empírica do complexo fenômeno da violência e sua relação com o desenvolvimento com estudo de caso para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A ligação entre os três ensaios é constituída pelos determinantes da violência e da delinquência no Estado, em nível municipal ou de pessoas. Não se trata somente da racionalidade individual que explica esses eventos sociais, mas de um conjunto de fatores que rodeiam a pessoa como tal. No primeiro ensaio, foram identificados determinantes socioeconômicos do número esperado de delitos em 236 Municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período compreendido entre 2002 e 2006. Para municípios com indicadores locais de alto desenvolvimento socioeconômico, resultados bons nesses indicadores não são acompanhados por reduções do número de todos os delitos, o que resulta contraditório em relação à qualidade de vida das pessoas, considerando a definição de desenvolvimento supracitada e o risco de violência desde a Segurança Humana. No segundo ensaio, a população adolescente de Porto Alegre com medida de internação em instituições da Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-educativo (FASE) recebeu atenção e foram avaliados vários fatores de risco de delinquência para explicar os reingressos nas unidades da FASE. Condições socioeconômicas de alta vulnerabilidade social e estruturas familiares fragilizadas coincidem entre o grupo de adolescentes com medida de internação em Porto Alegre no período entre 2002 e 2008. Porém, consumo de drogas foi a variável estatisticamente significativa para explicar a probabilidade de reingresso nas unidades de internação. No terceiro ensaio, explorou-se a ligação drogas-crime através de uma análise descritiva do mercado de drogas ilícitas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Especificamente, o número de ocorrências policiais para uso e tráfico de drogas ilícitas. / The main subject of this dissertation consists of exploring the relation among criminality, violence and development, through determinants factors of the violence. It is worth noting that violence and criminality have been studied by different sciences, among these sciences, Sociology, Criminology, Psychiatry, Law and Economics. In this work, the definition of “development” said about Human Development used by United Nations which has as central subject the quality and the wealth of the human lives and not only the production of goods and services and the growth of the product. Under the wide vision of human development, the Human Security approach considers the risks that threaten the quality of life such as: natural risk, financial risk, economic risk, conflict, terrorism and violence. The general hypothesis of the dissertation consists of that an incomplete development or with failures includes violence delinquency and criminality. This dissertation consists of an introduction, a brief survey of literature, three essays with annexes, conclusions and references. Each essay explores the subject since a different angle, with applied models that use Count data or logistic regression. Together, the mentioned essays aim at to partially assist in the theoretical understanding of the complex phenomenon of the violence and its relation with the development with study of case for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The link among the three essays consists of the determinants factors of the violence and the delinquency in the state. It is not only the rationality that explains those social events, but a set of factors roundabout the person. In the first essay, were used socio-economical variables for 236 cities of the state between 2002 and 2006. The cities with higher score of socioeconomic development index do not exhibit reductions of the number of all the offenses, that it is contradictory in relation to the quality of life of the people, considering the definition of development and the risk of violence since the Human Security approach. In the second essay, the adolescent population of Porto Alegre with measure of entry at institutions of the Fundação de Atendimento Sócio educativo (FASE) received attention and had been evaluated some risk factors of delinquency to explain the recidivism. Socioeconomic conditions of high social vulnerability and weak family structures coincide among the group of adolescents with measure of entry – at FASE - between 2002 and 2008. However, drugs use was the statistical significant variable to explain the probability of recidivism in the units of FASE. In the third essay, it was explored the link drug-crime through a descriptive analysis of the market of illicit drugs in the state of the Rio Grande do Sul. Specifically, the number of police recorded offenses for use and traffic of illicit drugs between 2000 and August of 2010.

A temática central desta tese consiste em explorar a relação entre criminalidade, violência e desenvolvimento, através de fatores determinantes da violência. Vale notar que violência e criminalidade são estudadas por diferentes ciências, entre essas ciências, destacam-se Sociologia, Criminologia, Psiquiatria, Direito e Economia. Neste trabalho, a definição de “desenvolvimento” escolhida é a de Desenvolvimento Humano utilizada pelas Nações Unidas a qual tem como tema central a qualidade e a riqueza das vidas humanas e não apenas a produção de bens e serviços e o crescimento do produto. Sob a visão mais ampla de desenvolvimento humano, a área da Segurança Humana considera os riscos que ameaçam a qualidade de vida das pessoas, a saber: riscos naturais, financeiros, econômicos, de conflito, de terrorismo e de violência. A hipótese geral da tese parte da premissa que um desenvolvimento incompleto ou falho é acompanhado de violência, delinquência e criminalidade. Esta tese é composta por uma introdução, uma revisão de literatura econômica do crime, três ensaios com apêndice, conclusões e referências. Separadamente, cada ensaio aborda o tema desde um ângulo diferente, com modelos aplicados que usam dados de contagem em painel, em corte transversal, assim como regressão logística. De forma conjunta, os ensaios mencionados visam a auxiliar na compreensão empírica do complexo fenômeno da violência e sua relação com o desenvolvimento com estudo de caso para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A ligação entre os três ensaios é constituída pelos determinantes da violência e da delinquência no Estado, em nível municipal ou de pessoas. Não se trata somente da racionalidade individual que explica esses eventos sociais, mas de um conjunto de fatores que rodeiam a pessoa como tal. No primeiro ensaio, foram identificados determinantes socioeconômicos do número esperado de delitos em 236 Municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período compreendido entre 2002 e 2006. Para municípios com indicadores locais de alto desenvolvimento socioeconômico, resultados bons nesses indicadores não são acompanhados por reduções do número de todos os delitos, o que resulta contraditório em relação à qualidade de vida das pessoas, considerando a definição de desenvolvimento supracitada e o risco de violência desde a Segurança Humana. No segundo ensaio, a população adolescente de Porto Alegre com medida de internação em instituições da Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-educativo (FASE) recebeu atenção e foram avaliados vários fatores de risco de delinquência para explicar os reingressos nas unidades da FASE. Condições socioeconômicas de alta vulnerabilidade social e estruturas familiares fragilizadas coincidem entre o grupo de adolescentes com medida de internação em Porto Alegre no período entre 2002 e 2008. Porém, consumo de drogas foi a variável estatisticamente significativa para explicar a probabilidade de reingresso nas unidades de internação. No terceiro ensaio, explorou-se a ligação drogas-crime através de uma análise descritiva do mercado de drogas ilícitas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Especificamente, o número de ocorrências policiais para uso e tráfico de drogas ilícitas. / The main subject of this dissertation consists of exploring the relation among criminality, violence and development, through determinants factors of the violence. It is worth noting that violence and criminality have been studied by different sciences, among these sciences, Sociology, Criminology, Psychiatry, Law and Economics. In this work, the definition of “development” said about Human Development used by United Nations which has as central subject the quality and the wealth of the human lives and not only the production of goods and services and the growth of the product. Under the wide vision of human development, the Human Security approach considers the risks that threaten the quality of life such as: natural risk, financial risk, economic risk, conflict, terrorism and violence. The general hypothesis of the dissertation consists of that an incomplete development or with failures includes violence delinquency and criminality. This dissertation consists of an introduction, a brief survey of literature, three essays with annexes, conclusions and references. Each essay explores the subject since a different angle, with applied models that use Count data or logistic regression. Together, the mentioned essays aim at to partially assist in the theoretical understanding of the complex phenomenon of the violence and its relation with the development with study of case for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The link among the three essays consists of the determinants factors of the violence and the delinquency in the state. It is not only the rationality that explains those social events, but a set of factors roundabout the person. In the first essay, were used socio-economical variables for 236 cities of the state between 2002 and 2006. The cities with higher score of socioeconomic development index do not exhibit reductions of the number of all the offenses, that it is contradictory in relation to the quality of life of the people, considering the definition of development and the risk of violence since the Human Security approach. In the second essay, the adolescent population of Porto Alegre with measure of entry at institutions of the Fundação de Atendimento Sócio educativo (FASE) received attention and had been evaluated some risk factors of delinquency to explain the recidivism. Socioeconomic conditions of high social vulnerability and weak family structures coincide among the group of adolescents with measure of entry – at FASE - between 2002 and 2008. However, drugs use was the statistical significant variable to explain the probability of recidivism in the units of FASE. In the third essay, it was explored the link drug-crime through a descriptive analysis of the market of illicit drugs in the state of the Rio Grande do Sul. Specifically, the number of police recorded offenses for use and traffic of illicit drugs between 2000 and August of 2010.

A temática central desta tese consiste em explorar a relação entre criminalidade, violência e desenvolvimento, através de fatores determinantes da violência. Vale notar que violência e criminalidade são estudadas por diferentes ciências, entre essas ciências, destacam-se Sociologia, Criminologia, Psiquiatria, Direito e Economia. Neste trabalho, a definição de “desenvolvimento” escolhida é a de Desenvolvimento Humano utilizada pelas Nações Unidas a qual tem como tema central a qualidade e a riqueza das vidas humanas e não apenas a produção de bens e serviços e o crescimento do produto. Sob a visão mais ampla de desenvolvimento humano, a área da Segurança Humana considera os riscos que ameaçam a qualidade de vida das pessoas, a saber: riscos naturais, financeiros, econômicos, de conflito, de terrorismo e de violência. A hipótese geral da tese parte da premissa que um desenvolvimento incompleto ou falho é acompanhado de violência, delinquência e criminalidade. Esta tese é composta por uma introdução, uma revisão de literatura econômica do crime, três ensaios com apêndice, conclusões e referências. Separadamente, cada ensaio aborda o tema desde um ângulo diferente, com modelos aplicados que usam dados de contagem em painel, em corte transversal, assim como regressão logística. De forma conjunta, os ensaios mencionados visam a auxiliar na compreensão empírica do complexo fenômeno da violência e sua relação com o desenvolvimento com estudo de caso para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A ligação entre os três ensaios é constituída pelos determinantes da violência e da delinquência no Estado, em nível municipal ou de pessoas. Não se trata somente da racionalidade individual que explica esses eventos sociais, mas de um conjunto de fatores que rodeiam a pessoa como tal. No primeiro ensaio, foram identificados determinantes socioeconômicos do número esperado de delitos em 236 Municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período compreendido entre 2002 e 2006. Para municípios com indicadores locais de alto desenvolvimento socioeconômico, resultados bons nesses indicadores não são acompanhados por reduções do número de todos os delitos, o que resulta contraditório em relação à qualidade de vida das pessoas, considerando a definição de desenvolvimento supracitada e o risco de violência desde a Segurança Humana. No segundo ensaio, a população adolescente de Porto Alegre com medida de internação em instituições da Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-educativo (FASE) recebeu atenção e foram avaliados vários fatores de risco de delinquência para explicar os reingressos nas unidades da FASE. Condições socioeconômicas de alta vulnerabilidade social e estruturas familiares fragilizadas coincidem entre o grupo de adolescentes com medida de internação em Porto Alegre no período entre 2002 e 2008. Porém, consumo de drogas foi a variável estatisticamente significativa para explicar a probabilidade de reingresso nas unidades de internação. No terceiro ensaio, explorou-se a ligação drogas-crime através de uma análise descritiva do mercado de drogas ilícitas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Especificamente, o número de ocorrências policiais para uso e tráfico de drogas ilícitas. / The main subject of this dissertation consists of exploring the relation among criminality, violence and development, through determinants factors of the violence. It is worth noting that violence and criminality have been studied by different sciences, among these sciences, Sociology, Criminology, Psychiatry, Law and Economics. In this work, the definition of “development” said about Human Development used by United Nations which has as central subject the quality and the wealth of the human lives and not only the production of goods and services and the growth of the product. Under the wide vision of human development, the Human Security approach considers the risks that threaten the quality of life such as: natural risk, financial risk, economic risk, conflict, terrorism and violence. The general hypothesis of the dissertation consists of that an incomplete development or with failures includes violence delinquency and criminality. This dissertation consists of an introduction, a brief survey of literature, three essays with annexes, conclusions and references. Each essay explores the subject since a different angle, with applied models that use Count data or logistic regression. Together, the mentioned essays aim at to partially assist in the theoretical understanding of the complex phenomenon of the violence and its relation with the development with study of case for the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The link among the three essays consists of the determinants factors of the violence and the delinquency in the state. It is not only the rationality that explains those social events, but a set of factors roundabout the person. In the first essay, were used socio-economical variables for 236 cities of the state between 2002 and 2006. The cities with higher score of socioeconomic development index do not exhibit reductions of the number of all the offenses, that it is contradictory in relation to the quality of life of the people, considering the definition of development and the risk of violence since the Human Security approach. In the second essay, the adolescent population of Porto Alegre with measure of entry at institutions of the Fundação de Atendimento Sócio educativo (FASE) received attention and had been evaluated some risk factors of delinquency to explain the recidivism. Socioeconomic conditions of high social vulnerability and weak family structures coincide among the group of adolescents with measure of entry – at FASE - between 2002 and 2008. However, drugs use was the statistical significant variable to explain the probability of recidivism in the units of FASE. In the third essay, it was explored the link drug-crime through a descriptive analysis of the market of illicit drugs in the state of the Rio Grande do Sul. Specifically, the number of police recorded offenses for use and traffic of illicit drugs between 2000 and August of 2010.

Basis: Statistical data of the Police of the Czech Republic show that secondary drug crime is widespread among abusers of addictive substances in the entire Czech Republic. The crime is mainly due to the need for financial resources for buying the addictive substance. As a result, every addictive substance abuser is perceived as a potential perpetrator of a crime. Aim: The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out the incidence of secondary drug criminality in the clients of the contact center DRUG - OUT Klub, z. s. in Ústí nad Labem, and to study the effect of selected influential demographic factors (gender, age, type of addictive substance, duration of addictive substance abuse). Methods and Research Sample: The research was conducted in the drug addiction treatment center DRUG - OUT Klub, s. z. in Ústí nad Labem using a questionnaire. The research respondents were problem abusers of opioids and stimulants. The research sample was selected with help of the institution. Every client of the contact center, who was a problem opioid or stimulant abuser, was over 18 years old, and agreed to be part of the research could participate. The research sample consisted of 362 problem abusers of opioids and stimulants. Among those were 201 men (60 opioid abusers, 141 stimulant abusers) and 161 women (55...

This diploma thesis deals with the series Zrádci, which was presented by Czech Television by the turn of February and March 2020 and has not yet been processed in-depth in the academic environment. The general aim of the paper is to create a comprehensive picture of the series Zrádci, which is based on the responses from the Czech media, social networks, and further from creators, critics, or even the actors themselves. The main objective of the author is to undertake a qualitative analysis of the series. The partial aim is to find an answer to whether the series "Zrádci" is fundamentally different from other criminal serials, and to what degree this serial is more realistic than other audiovisual works with a similar theme.