Biological invasion is considered to be one of the biggest threats to biological diversity. The invasive species are the ones that aren't native in the area and were brought here either knowingly or unintentionally as stowaways on ships, car tires or shoe soles. These organisms have characteristics, such as its size, number of produced seeds, spread speed and others, thanks to which they are capable of pushing the original organisms out from their natural land. The goal of this thesis is to find out about the awareness of general public about such topic, how much people are informed about the influence of the non-native species, which invasive species are present in our area, how it can influence health, economy, environment and last, but not least what are the options for its disposal and how much such an action cost.

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The thesis deals with degradation of wetland vegetation in the southeastern Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Based on detailed historical data, a comparison between the historical (20 years ago) and current state of selected wetland sites in the vicinity of Velké Meziříčí town was made. Historical development, current vegetation description and comparison with the historical situation are described for each locality. The results of the work are based on the testimony of witnesses, consultations with the author of the main historical source, maps and own floristic and phytosociological surveys that took place in 2015–2018. 23 sites were resurveyed in total, where 20 of them were found as more or less degraded. Seven of the wetland sites disappeared at all. Furthermore, local extinction is illustrated on six selected endangered wetland species. An integral part is the identification of the causes of degradation, where vegetation succession following the absence of management, drainage and nutrient input (eutrophication) are of the highest importance. Restoration options based on practical examples of good care are described to solve degradation. Phytosociological plots, photographs and lists of found species can be found in the annexes.

Recently, it was reported that humans treat animals that they perceive as aesthetically attractive unequally to the "ugly" ones, turning more attention to them and setting more conservation programs for their protection. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the issue focusing around animal beauty in more detail by examining human preferences towards one of the most popular animal taxon, the birds. In three subsequent studies, we assessed human preferences towards selected bird species: all members of the order of parrots, randomly selected representatives of all non- passerine bird families, and all members of the vividly colored passerine family Pittidae. The first study revealed that the preferred parrots were kept in zoos in higher numbers, regardless of their conservation priority (IUCN status). We discussed possible consequences of this finding and the benefits that may arise in the light of animal conservation if this bias in species preferences was to be considered by conservation specialists. We also found that people preferred long-tailed parrots possessing blue and yellow colors over green ones, which were probably perceived as dull and uninteresting as the majority of the parrots are fully or partially green. In the next two studies, we found that shape, pattern, and overall...

General-Bass is a certain characteristic system of writing and playing an accompaniment in the 17th and 18 century for keyboard and harmonic instruments used in chamber or orchestra music. General-Bass evolved during those two centuries. First theoretical references of general-bass technique are dated around 1600. It was a renaissance motet technique die away and improvisation and polyphony baroque technique born time. Lodovico Viadanas treatise Cento concerti ecclesiastici from 1602 is a first written documented instruction of this technique. Centre of general-basses development expanded from Italy to Germany and France. There was a separate specific evolve and theoretical treatises of general-bass in each country. Despite of the separation there was a influence and inspiration between of the particular country stiles of general-basses praxes. The main representative are Francesco Gasparini, Georg Muffat and Francesco Geminiani in Italy Jean-Henri d´Anglebert, François Dandrieu, Michel de St. Lambert in France and Johann Mattheson, Johann David Heinichen and Johann Sebastian Bach in Germany. Currently we are experiencing return of studies of historical general-basses treatises and arises modern textbooks of general-bass. There are two Czech translations of Jespera Bøje Christensens and Barbara Marie Willis textbooks available. Both authors based their textbooks on historical pedagogical systems and rules. Michel Laizé wrote textbook of General-Bass based on his own methodical scheme in 2001 in France.

In the spring 2014 was observed species numbers and species diversity of amphibians (Amphibia) on six selected water surfaces in a Holedna game preserve, which is located in Brno territory. To determine the numerical and species representation was used a visual method. In total, there were found 5 species in the monitored locations: Smooth Newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), Common Toad (Bufo bufo), Common Frog (Rana temporaria), Agile Frog (Rana dalmatina) and European Tree Frog (Hyla arborea). During the observation, from 18th March to 13th July, there were recorded the numbers of individual amphibians species (Amphibia) and then these data were used to calculate the synecological characteristics (dominance, species diversity, equitability, Jaccard similarity coefficient). Altogether, the most plentiful species was Common Toad (Bufo bufo) and least plentiful species was Europian Tree Frog (Hyla arborea). Representation of individual species in the monitored area was not balanced in relation to species number. Predominant occurrence of eudominant species on the all water surfaces points out to disturbed or artificial biocenosis. Based on observation was evaluated anthropogenic influence, where fragmentation, absence of rainfall, forest management and an admission of the game preserve can be included. Subsequently, the appropriate solutions to increase species diversity were designed.

The genus Geosmithia contains 11 described and several tens of undescribed species of fungi living nearly exclusively in galleries of subcorticolous insects, especially bark beetles. In this work, a phylogenetic analysis of the genus was made using DNA sequences of four protein-coding genes, namely TEF-1, RPB2, Mcm7 and Tsr1. The analysis has confirmed that ecological strategies of these fungi (such as association with conifers or broad leaved trees or symbiosis with ambrosia beetles) have evolved several times in this genus. 51 species are recognized based on the obtained phylogenetic tree according to Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition. I have also tested utility of the above mentioned genes to serve as "barcode" for identification of closely related Geosmithia species.

Methods for detecting patterns of angler selective fishing behaviour in the long term recreational fishery statistics are presented in this Ph.D. Thesis. The motivating idea is that mainly different anglers' fishing preferences or attitudes towards particular fish species obstruct applying anglers' catches data for ongoing use in ichthyology research. Better recognising angler selectivity is therefore judged to be the key point from the viewpoint of fish and fishery sciences. Methods affecting angler behaviour can be directly applied by other specialists, e.g. social scientists. The thesis consists of five papers two of which are published (paper 1, 2), other two of which are accepted for publishing (paper 3, 4) and the last of which (paper 5) is in the status of manuscript before submitting. In the first two papers the role of common carp catches is focused. By using multivariate techniques it is studied if the increased exploitation of carp increases also the exploitation of other fish species. Time series of carp catches serve as an explanatory variable, other species catches through the same time are processed as independent variables. According to expectations the positive effect of carp catches on those of the other species was approved at the river section with the highest expected density...

The aim of the thesis was to propose possible measures to optimize existing waste management system in Hermanuv Mestec based on the description and analysis of the current situation. In the theoretical sphere the thesis works with basic terms of the current Czech legislative norms and regulations. The geographical position, city planning solution and demographic evolution were characterized. The whole system ensuring waste management in the investigated area was described and its compositions were specified, including their production practices and quantification of economic costs. To analyze the issue of city's waste management system the SWOT analysis and the method of comparison were employed. Recommendations, based on the conducted analysis and findings, were presented for optimizing current system of the organizational sphere, personnel management and financial parts.