The thesis treatise can be divided in three major parts as A, B and C respectively.Part A constitutes the concept and objectives of the plasma treatment for textiles. Itincludes a technical overview, the principle and the recent developments in plasmatypes for textiles.Part B, provides an overview on plasma technology to its interaction with thesubstrate. The part describes the surface modification phenomenon i.e. physical andchemical interaction and the highlights the effects yields from it.Part C, constitute a bibliographic analysis on the application of this technology totextiles. Various paper and patents and cited to provide an overview on key aspects ofthe scientific research, commercial technology, and information on manufacturerswhich are being taken place to date. The section followed then critical dichotomyappraisal on the plasma technology in the field.All the citation, are thoroughly questioned and evaluated before own use of thematerial in this study. Also, the citation has been taken from reliable sources. In orderto increase the reliability of the material comparison between sources is done / Program: Magisterutbildning i textilteknologi

There is a lack of fundamental studies by means of state of the art numerical and scale modeling techniques scrutinizing the theoretical and technical aspect of air table separators as well as means to comprehend and improve the efficiency of the process. The dissertation details the development of a workable empirical model, a numerical model and a scale model to demonstrate the use of a laboratory air table unit. The modern air-based density separator achieves effective density-based separation for particle sizes greater than 6 mm. Parametric studies with the laboratory scale unit using low rank coal have demonstrated the applicability with regards to finer size fractions of the range 6 mm to 1 mm. The statistically significant empirical models showed that all the four parameters, i.e, blower and table frequency, longitudinal and transverse angle were significant in determining the separation performance. Furthermore, the tests show that an increase in the transverse angle increased the flow rate of solids to the product end and the introduction of feed results in the dampening of airflow at the feed end. The higher table frequency and feed rate had a detrimental effect on the product yield due to low residence time of particle settlement. The research further evaluated fine particle upgrading using various modeling techniques. The numerical model was evaluated using K-Epsilon and RSM turbulence formulations and validated using experimental dataset. The results prove that the effect of fine coal vortices forming around the riffles act as a transport mechanism for higher density particle movement across the table deck resulting in 43% displacement of the midlings and 29% displacement of the heavies to the product side. The velocity and vector plots show high local variance of air speeds and pressure near the feed end and an increase in feed rate results in a drop in deshaling capability of the table. The table was further evaluated using modern scale-modeling concepts and the scaling laws indicated that the vibration velocity has an integral effect on the separation performance. The difference between the full-scale model and the scaled prototype was 3.83% thus validating the scaling laws.

Master of Science / Food Science / Kelly J. K. Getty / Dry-processing environments are particularly challenging to clean and sanitize because water introduced into systems not designed for wet cleaning can favor growth and establishment of pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella. The objective was to determine the efficacy of isopropyl alcohol quaternary ammonium (IPAQuat) formula and carbon dioxide (CO[subscript]2) sanitizer system for eliminating Enterococcus faecium and Salmonella on food contact surfaces. Coupons of stainless steel and conveyor belting material used in dry-processing environments were spot-inoculated in the center of 5 × 5 cm coupons with approximately 7.0 log CFU/ml of E. faecium and up to 10 log CFU/ml of a six-serotype composite of Salmonella and subjected to IPAQuat-CO[subscript]2 sanitation treatments using exposure times of 30 s, 1 or 5 min. After sanitation treatments, wet coupons were swabbed for post-treatment survivors. Preliminary experiments included coupons which were soiled with a flour and water solution prior to inoculation and subsequent sanitation treatments. For the main study, inoculated surfaces were soiled with a breadcrumb flour blend and allowed to sit on the lab bench for a minimum of 16 h before sanitation. Preliminary results showed that IPAQuat-CO[subscript]2 sanitizing system was effective in reducing approximately 3.0 logs of E. faecium and Salmonella from clean and soiled surfaces after 1 min exposure but higher initial inoculum levels were needed to demonstrate >5 log reductions. For the main study, pre-treatment Salmonella populations were approximately 7.0 log CFU/25 cm[superscript]2 and post-treatment survivors were 1.3, < 0.7 (detection limit), and < 0.7 log CFU/25 cm[superscript]2 after 30 s, 1 or 5 min sanitizer exposures, respectively, for both clean and soiled surfaces. Treatment with IPAQuat-CO[subscript]2 sanitation system using 30 s sanitizer exposures resulted in 5.7 log CFU/25 cm[superscript]2 reductions whereas, greater than 6.0 log CFU/25 cm[superscript]2 reductions were observed for sanitizer exposures of 1 and 5 min. The IPAQuat-CO[subscript]2 sanitation system reduced 6 logs CFU/25 cm[superscript]2 of Salmonella with sanitizer exposure times of at least 1 min. The IPAQuat-CO[subscript]2 system would, therefore, be an effective sanitation system to eliminate potential contamination from Salmonella on food contact surfaces and have application in facilities that process dry ingredients or low-moisture products.