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Recent developments in the area of Cyber-Physical Production Systems prove that high technology readiness level is already achieved and industrialization of such technologies is not far from today. Although these technologies seem to be convenient in providing solutions to environmental uncertainties, their application provides adaptability only at shop floor level. Needless to say, an enterprise cannot reach true adaptability without ensuring adaptation skills at every level in its hierarchy. Commonly used production planning and control approaches in industry today inherit from planning solutions which are developed in response to historical market characteristics. However, market tendency in recent years is towards making personalized products a norm. The emerging complexity out of this trend obliges planning systems to a transition from non-recurring, static planning into continuous re-planning and re-configuration of systems. Therefore, there is a need of responsive planning solutions which are integrated to highly adaptable production system characteristics. In this dissertation, Demand Responsive Planning, DRP, is presented which is a planning framework aiming to respond to planning needs of shifting trends in both production system technologies and market conditions. The DRP is based on three main constructs such as dynamicity, responsiveness and use of precise data. These features set up the foundation of accomplishing a high degree of adaptability in planning activities. By this means, problems from an extensive scope can be handled with a responsive behavior (i.e. frequent re-planning) by the use of precise data. The use of precise data implies to execute planning activities subject to actual demand information and real-time shop floor data. Within the context of the DRP, both a continuous workload control method and a dynamic capacity adjustment approach are developed. A test-bed is coded in order to simulate proposed method based on a system emulation reflecting the characteristics of cyber-physical production systems at shop floor level. Continuous Precise Workload Control, CPWLC, method is a novel approach aiming at precise control of workload levels with the use of direct load graphs. Supported by a multi-agent platform, it generates dynamic non-periodic release decisions exploiting real time shop floor information. As a result, improved shop floor performances are achieved through controlling workload levels precisely by the release of appropriate job types at the right time. Presented dynamic capacity adjustment approach utilizes rapid re-configuration capability of cyber-physical systems in achieving more frequent capacity adjustments. Its implementation architecture is integrated to the CPWLC structure. By this means, a holistic approach is realized whereby improved due date performance is accomplished with minimized shop floor congestion. Hence, sensitivity to changing demand patterns and urgent job completions is improved. / <p>QC 20150907</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiola Pires Barrella.pdf: 1429302 bytes, checksum: ecaba685135e98f5afe424a1f1a296bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-08 / In dynamic and complex environments, where changes of technological pattern are intense and the necessary knowledge to guarantee competitive advantage can be distributed in several points of the chain, makes difficult the internal production of knowledge by firms. Under these conditions, it seems that the establishment of a pattern of knowledge generation from cooperative strategic partnerships is fundamental for the firms survival. So, it s studied the question on how the strategic decisive process for the development of partnerships of the firms inserted in such environments is. In order to answer this question, it was opted to study the decisive process for the establishment of strategic partnership in the pharmaceutical industry, where technology is in constant transformation and the environment is very complex. To make this study, it was utilized the methodology of studies of multiple case, compound by four national pharmaceutical laboratories which research and develop new medicines. We conclude that the decisive process of acquisition of knowledge in this environment of rapid cycle is characterized by the rationality of process due to high risk involved in the implementation phase. Another point of prominence is the alignment of the decision with the strategic plan, and possibly to be considered as a competitive advantage source in a national industry that needs to generate innovation. The experience of participating in collaborative learning communities can be associated with rapid decisions of acquisition of external knowledge through partnerships. We stand out the utilization of political tactics of cohesion to strengthen the developed project to support the decision. The research prominence is attached to the comprehension of the strategic decisive process in dynamic and complex environment and of technological discontinuity, seeking to build up knowledge which can support the manager to take rapid decisions with less risks in the implementation. / Em ambientes dinâmicos, complexos, onde as mudanças de padrão tecnológico são intensas e o conhecimento necessário para garantir vantagem competitiva pode estar distribuído em diversos atores da cadeia, é difícil a produção interna de conhecimentos pelas firmas. Nessas condições parece que o estabelecimento de um padrão de geração de conhecimento a partir de parcerias estratégicas cooperativas é fundamental para a sobrevivência das firmas. Coloca-se então a questão de como é o processo decisório estratégico das firmas inseridas em tais ambientes para desenvolvimento de parcerias. Para responder a essa questão, optou-se por estudar o processo decisório de estabelecimento de parcerias estratégicas na indústria farmacêutica, onde a tecnologia está em constante transformação e o ambiente é bastante complexo. Para fazer este estudo utilizou-se a metodologia de estudos de caso múltiplos, composto por quarto laboratórios farmacêuticos nacionais que desenvolvem pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Conclui-se que o processo decisório de aquisição de conhecimento neste ambiente de ciclo rápido é caracterizado pela racionalidade processual em função do alto risco envolvido na fase de implementação. Outro ponto de destaque é o alinhamento das decisões com o planejamento estratégico, e possivelmente, ser considerado uma fonte de vantagem competitiva em uma indústria nacional que precisa gerar inovações. A experiência em participar de redes de aprendizagem colaborativa pode estar associada a decisões rápidas de aquisição de conhecimento externo via parcerias. Destaca-se a utilização de táticas políticas de coesão para fortalecer o projeto desenvolvido para sustentar a decisão. A relevância da pesquisa vincula-se à compreensão do processo decisório estratégico em ambientes dinâmicos, complexos e de descontinuidade tecnológica, buscando-se construir conhecimentos que possam auxiliar os gestores a conduzir suas decisões rápidas e com menos riscos na implementação.

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El mundo de las telecomunicaciones está cambiando de un escenario donde únicamente las personas estaban conectadas a un modelo donde prácticamente todos los dispositivos y sensores se encuentran conectados, también conocido como Internet de las cosas (IoT), donde miles de millones de dispositivos se conectarán a Internet a través de conexiones móviles y redes fijas. En este contexto, hay muchos retos que superar, desde el desarrollo de nuevos estándares de comunicación al estudio de la viabilidad económica de los posibles escenarios futuros. En esta tesis nos hemos centrado en el estudio de la viabilidad económica de diferentes escenarios mediante el uso de conceptos de microeconomía, teoría de juegos, optimización no lineal, economía de redes y redes inalámbricas. La tesis analiza la transición desde redes centradas en el servicio de tráfico HTC a redes centradas en tráfico MTC desde un punto de vista económico. El primer escenario ha sido diseñado para centrarse en las primeras etapas de la transición, en la que ambos tipos de tráfico son servidos bajo la misma infraestructura de red. En el segundo escenario analizamos la siguiente etapa, en la que el servicio a los usuarios MTC se realiza mediante una infraestructura dedicada. Finalmente, el tercer escenario analiza la provisión de servicios basados en MTC a usuarios finales, mediante la infraestructura analizada en el escenario anterior. Gracias al análisis de todos los escenarios, hemos observado que la transición de redes centradas en usuarios HTC a redes MTC es posible y que la provisión de servicios en tales escenarios es viable. Además, hemos observado que el comportamiento de los usuarios es esencial para determinar la viabilidad de los diferentes modelos de negocio, y por tanto, es necesario estudiar el comportamiento y las preferencias de los usuarios en profundidad en estudios futuros. Específicamente, los factores más relevantes son la sensibilidad de los usuarios al retardo en los datos recopilados por los sensores y la cantidad de los mismos. También hemos observado que la diferenciación del tráfico en categorías mejora el uso de las redes y permite crear nuevos servicios empleando datos que, de otro modo, no se aprovecharían, lo cual nos permite mejorar la monetización de la infraestructura. También hemos demostrado que la provisión de capacidad es un mecanismo válido, alternativo a la fijación de precios, para la optimización de los beneficios de los proveedores de servicio. Finalmente, se ha demostrado que es posible crear roles específicos para ofrecer servicios IoT en el mercado de las telecomunicaciones, específicamente, los IoT-SPs, que proporcionan servicios basados en sensores inalámbricos utilizando infraestructuras de acceso de terceros y sus propias redes de sensores. En resumen, en esta tesis hemos intentado demostrar la viabilidad económica de modelos de negocio basados en redes futuras IoT, así como la aparición de nuevas oportunidades y roles de negocio, lo cual nos permite justificar económicamente el desarrollo y la implementación de las tecnologías necesarias para ofrecer servicios de acceso inalámbrico masivo a dispositivos MTC. / The communications world is moving from a standalone devices scenario to a all-connected scenario known as Internet of Things (IoT), where billions of devices will be connected to the Internet through mobile and fixed networks. In this context, there are several challenges to face, from the development of new standards to the study of the economical viability of the different future scenarios. In this dissertation we have focused on the study of the economic viability of different scenarios using concepts of microeconomics, game theory, non-linear optimization, network economics and wireless networks. The dissertation analyzes the transition from a Human Type Communications (HTC) to a Machine Type Communications (MTC) centered network from an economic point of view. The first scenario is designed to focus on the first stages of the transition, where HTC and MTC traffic are served on a common network infrastructure. The second scenario analyzes the provision of connectivity service to MTC users using a dedicated network infrastructure, while the third stage is centered in the analysis of the provision of services based on the MTC data over the infrastructure studied in the previous scenario. Thanks to the analysis of all the scenarios we have observed that the transition from HTC users-centered networks to MTC networks is possible and that the provision of services in such scenarios is viable. In addition, we have observed that the behavior of the users is essential in order to determine the viability of a business model, and therefore, it is needed to study their behavior and preferences in depth in future studios. Specifically, the most relevant factors are the sensitivity of the users to the delay and to the amount of data gathered by the sensors. We also have observed that the differentiation of the traffic in categories improves the usage of the networks and allows to create new services thanks to the data that otherwise would not be used, improving the monetization of the infrastructure and the data. In addition, we have shown that the capacity provision is a valid mechanism for providers' profit optimization, as an alternative to the pricing mechanisms. Finally, it has been demonstrated that it is possible to create dedicated roles to offer IoT services in the telecommunications market, specifically, the IoT-SPs, which provide wireless-sensor-based services to the final users using a third party infrastructure. Summarizing, this dissertation tries to demonstrate the economic viability of the future IoT networks business models as well as the emergence of new business opportunities and roles in order to justify economically the development and implementation of the new technologies required to offer massive wireless access to machine devices. / El món de les telecomunicacions està canviant d'un escenari on únicament les persones estaven connectades a un model on pràcticament tots els dispositius i sensors es troben connectats, també conegut com a Internet de les Coses (IoT) , on milers de milions de dispositius es connectaran a Internet a través de connexions mòbils i xarxes fixes. En aquest context, hi ha molts reptes que superar, des del desenrotllament de nous estàndards de comunicació a l'estudi de la viabilitat econòmica dels possibles escenaris futurs. En aquesta tesi ens hem centrat en l'estudi de la viabilitat econòmica de diferents escenaris per mitjà de l'ús de conceptes de microeconomia, teoria de jocs, optimització no lineal, economia de xarxes i xarxes inalàmbriques. La tesi analitza la transició des de xarxes centrades en el servici de tràfic HTC a xarxes centrades en tràfic MTC des d'un punt de vista econòmic. El primer escenari ha sigut dissenyat per a centrar-se en les primeres etapes de la transició, en la que ambdós tipus de tràfic són servits davall la mateixa infraestructura de xarxa. En el segon escenari analitzem la següent etapa, en la que el servici als usuaris MTC es realitza per mitjà d'una infraestructura dedicada. Finalment, el tercer escenari analitza la provisió de servicis basats en MTC a usuaris finals, per mitjà de la infraestructura analitzada en l'escenari anterior. Als paràgrafs següents es descriu amb més detall cada escenari. Gràcies a l'anàlisi de tots els escenaris, hem observat que la transició de xarxes centrades en usuaris HTC a xarxes MTC és possible i que la provisió de servicis en tals escenaris és viable. A més a més, hem observat que el comportament dels usuaris és essencial per a determinar la viabilitat dels diferents models de negoci, i per tant, és necessari estudiar el comportament i les preferències dels usuaris en profunditat en estudis futurs. Específicament, els factors més rellevants són la sensibilitat dels usuaris al retard en les dades recopilats pels sensors i la quantitat dels mateixos. També hem observat que la diferenciació del tràfic en categories millora l'ús de les xarxes i permet crear nous servicis emprant dades que, d'una altra manera, no s'aprofitarien, la qual cosa ens permet millorar la monetització de la infraestructura. També hem demostrat que la provisió de capacitat és un mecanisme vàlid, alternatiu a la fixació de preus, per a l'optimització dels beneficis dels proveïdors de servici. Finalment, s'ha demostrat que és possible crear rols específics per a oferir servicis IoT en el mercat de les telecomunicacions, específicament, els IoT-SPs, que proporcionen servicis basats en sensors inalàmbrics utilitzant infraestructures d'accés de tercers i les seues pròpies xarxes de sensors. En resum, en aquesta tesi hem intentat demostrar la viabilitat econòmica de models de negoci basats en xarxes futures IoT, així com l'aparició de noves oportunitats i rols de negoci, la qual cosa ens permet justificar econòmicament el desenrotllament i la implementació de les tecnologies necessàries per a oferir servicis d'accés inalàmbric massiu a dispositius MTC. / Sanchis Cano, Á. (2018). Economic analysis of wireless sensor-based services in the framework of the Internet of Things. A game-theoretical approach [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/102642