• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 7
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 12
  • 12
  • 6
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Evaluation clinique et biomécanique d'un implant de stabilisation dynamique du rachis lombaire / Clinical and biomechanical evaluation of a dynamic stabilization device for the lumbar spine

Prud'homme, Marion 10 December 2014 (has links)
Les douleurs lombaires représentent l'une des premières causes d'intervention chirurgicale dans le monde, et requièrent le recours à une instrumentation du rachis complémentaire pour environ 1% des patients. La technique instrumentée standard est l'arthrodèse ; elle consiste en l'immobilisation des vertèbres adjacentes par un système composé de vis pédiculaires et de tiges. Les résultats cliniques sont généralement satisfaisants. Cependant, des cas de complications subsistent, en particulier la dégénérescence du segment adjacent pouvant entraîner une reprise chirurgicale. Pour répondre à ce problème, les implants dits « stabilisation dynamique » ont été conçus avec pour objectif de maintenir une mobilité au niveau instrumenté afin de ne pas sur-contraindre les structures environnantes. Cette étude consiste en l'évaluation clinique et biomécanique d'un de ces implants. Tout d'abord, nous avons mené une campagne d'essais de caractérisation mécanique de l'implant isolé afin de connaître précisément ses propriétés et de pouvoir le modéliser de façon fidèle et validée. Un travail clinique rétrospectif a ensuite été réalisé pour quantifier les résultats obtenus et proposer un protocole d'étude prospective qui réponde aux contraintes cliniques et aux exigences scientifiques actuelles. Une campagne d'essais in-vitro sur segment lombaire a ensuite été menée pour compléter notre connaissance du comportement biomécanique du rachis instrumenté. Ceci nous a permis de valider une modélisation en éléments finis du rachis instrumenté utilisé notamment pour étudier l'influence du design de l'implant ainsi que des gestes réalisés lors de la chirurgie. / Back pain is one of the first causes of surgical intervention in the world and instrumentation is needed for about 1 patient out of 100 . Fusion is the gold standard for instrumented surgery and consists in fixation of two adjacent vertebra together with pedicular screws and rigid rods. Clinical outcomes of fusion are satisfactory but some cases of adverse events remain such as adjacent segment degeneration sometimes leading to revision surgery. Dynamic stabilization devices have been proposed to tackle this issue with the objective of maintaining motion at the instrumented level and thus limiting the surrounding structure overloading. This work aims at assessing one dynamic stabilization device. We first performed mechanical testing on the device to better understand its functioning and come up with a detailed and validated model. Then a retrospective clinical work has been conducted to lay out the clinical performances of the device and propose a prospective study design to answer clinical and scientific requirements. A biomechanical in-vitro testing campaign has been set up to increase our knowledge about the behaviour of the instrumented spine. This enabled us to validate a finite elements model then used for the study of the influence of several design parameters but also of several choices made during the surgery.
12

Quantum control of a many-body system in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

Hoang, Thai Minh 13 January 2014 (has links)
Ultracold atoms provide a powerful tool for studying quantum control of interacting many-body systems with well-characterized and controllable Hamiltonians. In this thesis, we demonstrate quantum control of a many-body system consisting of a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). By tuning the Hamiltonian of the system, we can generate either a phase space with an unstable hyperbolic fixed point or a phase space with an elliptical fixed point. A classical pendulum with a stable oscillation about the "down" position and an inverted pendulum with unstable non-equilibrium dynamics about the "up" position are classical analogs of the quantum spin dynamics we investigate in this thesis. In one experiment, we dynamically stabilize the system about an unstable hyperbolic fixed point, which is similar to stabilizing an inverted pendulum. In a second experiment, we parametrically excite the system by modulating the quadratic Zeeman energy. In addition, we demonstrate rectifier phase control as a new method to manipulate the quantum states of the many-body system. This is similar to parametric excitation and manipulation of the oscillation angle of a classical pendulum. These experiments demonstrate the ability to control a quantum system realized in a spinor BEC, and they also can be applied to other quantum systems. In addition, we extend our studies to atoms above the Bose-Einstein transition temperature, and we present results on thermal spin relaxation processes and equilibrium spin populations.

Page generated in 0.1132 seconds