No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Arlington, 2009.

'Coke' may be described as the cellular residue from the carbonisation of a coking coal in commercial ovens or-retorts at a temperature of about 9000C; and a 'Coking coal' as a coal which will yield a commercial coke when it is carbonised. Some of the questions arising from these descriptions are:- What are the standards required of a commercial coke; what is the cause of coke-formation; what are the characteristics of coking coals and how may they-be judged; and how can the quality of coke be improved? It is not proposed to discuss these questions in detail but it is important to be aware of them in order to understand the way the coking industry has developed. These questions have been asked since coke has been used on a commercial scale and the answers to them have altered with circumstances as science and technology have changed. The qualities which render a coke most useful, or most readily saleable vary according to the use to which it is to be put. For all combustion processes, which account for most of the coke used, it would be expected that the intrinsic 'combustibility' would be important. The manner in which a ooke burns depends-so much however upon such factors asp for example, the size of the pieces and the rate of supply of air to the fuel-bed, that differences in intrinsic combustibility may be masked. From observation of the various factors upon whioh the usefulness of a coke for particular purposes depends, it is possible to indicate those qualities of a coke which render it most valuable, for all, or most, purposes (Continues...).

No description available.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-125).

Com o aumento da competição, provocado pela globalização da economia, as organizações estão em uma luta contínua pela sua sobrevivência no mercado. Essa sobrevivência passa obrigatoriamente pela organização de sua gestão, em busca de tornar-se mais competitiva. Um dos pontos principais que fazem as empresas mais competitivas é a gestão de seus processos e o alinhamento deles com seus objetivos estratégicos. A eficiência das empresas está ligada diretamente à eficiência de seus processos, de forma que seu aperfeiçoamento é um dos objetivos fundamentais para qualquer empresa, sendo o tema central deste trabalho. Inicialmente é apresentada uma série de conceitos que demonstram a importância da gestão de processos, detalhando algumas das ferramentas de desenho e notações utilizadas. A seguir, são apresentadas algumas das principais metodologias utilizadas atualmente para o mapeamento de processos, e um quadro comparativo dessas metodologias é elaborado e analisado, verificando-se as principais etapas de cada metodologia e seu principal objetivo. Posteriormente, é feita a proposição de uma nova metodologia de mapeamento de processos, que tem como princípio a implantação de melhorias na medida em que elas são detectadas durante o mapeamento, fazendo com que as empresas obtenham resultados mais rápidos. A metodologia proposta difere fundamentalmente das metodologias usuais pelo fato destas só implementarem as melhorias depois de realizado todo o processo de mapeamento, o que torna a obtenção de resultados muito demorada. / With the increase of competition, caused by the economy globalization, the organizations are in a continuous struggle for their survival in the market. This survival necessarily passes by the organization of its management, aiming to become more competitive. One of the main points that make the companies more competitive is the management of their processes and their alignment with their strategic goals. The efficiency of the companies is directly connected to the efficiency of their processes, so that its improvement is one of the fundamental goals for any company, that being the central theme of this paper. Initially, a series of concepts that show the importance of the process management is introduced, detailing some of the drawing tools and used notations. Following, some of the main methodologies currently used for the process mapping are presented, and a comparative table of theses methodologies is elaborated and analyzed, verifying the main steps of each one and their main goal. Subsequently, the proposition of a new methodology for process mapping is made, whose principle is the implantation of improvement as they are detected during the mapping, leading the companies to obtain faster results. The proposed methodology essentially differs from the usual methodologies because these ones just implement the improvements after all the mapping process is made, which takes a long time for the achievement of results.

Processes having the same bridges as a given reference Markov process constitute its reciprocal class. In this paper we study the reciprocal class of compound Poisson processes whose jumps belong to a finite set A in R^d. We propose a characterization of the reciprocal class as the unique set of probability measures on which a family of time and space transformations induces the same density, expressed in terms of the reciprocal invariants. The geometry of A plays a crucial role in the design of the transformations, and we use tools from discrete geometry to obtain an optimal characterization. We deduce explicit conditions for two Markov jump processes to belong to the same class. Finally, we provide a natural interpretation of the invariants as short-time asymptotics for the probability that the reference process makes a cycle around its current state.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.