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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Využití simulačního modelu pro konstrukci odhadu tržeb aukční síně / Use of simulation model for the estimates of auction house’s revenues

Ondráčková, Kristýna January 2014 (has links)
The auction is a form of trading, which is becoming more popular in recent years. For English auction the typical object intended for trading is art or antique etc. Auction houses require the most accurate estimates of total sales for each auction because of their economic activity. These estimates are constructed, but the only information that is available is starting price of auctioned objects (paintings). Two methods have been proposed for purpose of this estimation. They are conducted in the application Crystal Ball. Selling prices of the objects are generated in the first method and total sales are estimated with the help of application assignment problem. The second method consists in the simple sum of generated selling prices. The cornerstone of these methods is the distribution from which a coefficient is generated that sets increase of the starting prices to selling prices. The first part of practical application is dedicated to estimating parameters of this distribution. In the second part, total revenues are estimated using both methods. In conclusion there is the assessment of the suitability for both methods and estimated distributions. Method that provides the most accurate estimate of total sales for auction house is determined there also.
112

Three Essays on Repeated Games and Games with Incomplete Information / 繰り返しゲームと不完備情報ゲームに関する三つの小論

Shui, Zhonghao 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第22222号 / 経博第610号 / 新制||経||292(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 関口 格, 教授 原 千秋, 准教授 陳 珈惠 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM
113

Unclaimed

Finley, Mackenna Elizabeth 24 May 2022 (has links)
No description available.
114

ONLINE-REVERSE-AUCTIONS AND THE BUYER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP: THE EFFECTS OF ONLINE-REVERSE-AUCTION DESIGN ON SUPPLIER COMMITMENT AND SUPPLIER TRUST

Parker, Thomas Glenn 01 December 2010 (has links)
Industrial online-reverse-auctions have become a common procurement strategy used by many firms to reduce the cost of purchased goods and services. The advantages of online-reverse-auctions include significant price reductions, increased purchasing and selling efficiencies, and access to new supply and purchasing markets. Despite these benefits, practitioners and academics alike have raised concerns with respect to the impact of online-reverse-auctions on the buyer-supplier relationship. Previous research suggests that the parameters and characteristics of an online-reverse-auction can influence the perceptions of online-reverse-auction participants. This dissertation investigates this phenomenon by examining how the design of an online-reverse-auction influences the supplier's perception of the buyer-supplier relationship. Specifically, this research considers the effects of online-reverse-auction design in terms of the independent variables of auction control, auction bid visibility, and auction award rules and the dependent variables of supplier commitment to the buyer and supplier trust in the buyer. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 quasi-experimental design and the statistical technique of MANCOVA, this study tests hypotheses related to how different online-reverse-auction design characteristics influence supplier commitment to the buyer and supplier trust in the buyer. The results of the study suggest that the type of online-reverse-auctions buyers utilize can have an impact on supplier perceptions of the buyer supplier relationship. Overall, the result suggest that supplier trust is influenced by the type of auction design buyers utilize, however, supplier commitment is not. Auctions utilizing third party auction providers, partial bid visibility, and post auction negotiations tended to result in higher levels of trust on the part of suppliers. This study makes a contribution to the literature in the following areas. First, this study is one of only a handful of empirical studies examining the effects of online-reverse-auction designs on the buyer-supplier relationship. While a considerable debate exists within the literature concerning the pros and cons of online-reverse-auctions, little empirical work exists. This study makes a contribution by providing insight with respect to how online-reverse-auction designs influence supplier perceptions of the buyer-supplier relationships. Secondly, this analysis considers the buyer-supplier relationship in terms of commitment and trust. Previous studies have largely neglected these constructs despite their prominence in the buyer-supplier relationship literature. Finally, given that the use of online-reverse-auctions seems well entrenched in the purchasing strategies of many buying organizations; this study provides guidance for the design of online-reverse-auctions such that buyers can potentially reduce the negative aspects of the process.
115

Two Essays On Bidding In Multi-unit Common Value Auctions

Shao, Minjie 01 January 2010 (has links)
This dissertation consists of two essays on the topic of bidding in multi-unit common value auction. Essay one examines the role of capacity constraint on the auction results and bidding behavior. We consider a general case where bidders are unconstrained, and a second setting where bidders are capacity constrained. We document downward sloping demand curves for individual bidders. Bidders shade their bids by submitting quantity-price pairs and spreading their bids. The winner's curse is strong in the unconstrained treatment, but we find no evidence of the winner's curse when bidding constraints are imposed. Unconstrained bidders shade bids significantly more and their quantity-weighted prices are much lower than those in the constrained treatment. Interacting with the information structure, the capacity constraint has a significant impact on the auction results including the market clearing price, market efficiency, and the degree of market concentration. We provide evidence that efficient price discovery in multi-unit auctions with diverse information is possible, but careful attention to auction design will make this outcome more likely. Essay two examines how the introduction of a noncompetitive bidding option affects outcomes in a multi-unit uniform-price auction. The experimental design incorporates many of the characteristics of the markets that pertain to the issuance of new equity securities. Important features of the bidding environment include endogenous bidder entry, costly information acquisition, bidders that differ by capacity constraint, and substantial uncertainty with respect to the intrinsic value. We use a standard uniform-price auction as our baseline setting where only competitive bids are accepted. Our results show that introducing the noncompetitive bidding option improves auction performance by increasing revenue and reducing price error. Underpricing is found in both treatments, but is less severe in the presence of the noncompetitive bidding option. The incorporation of this option significantly increases both the small bidder participation rate and allocation, and reduces the incentive for small bidders to free ride by submitting extremely high bids. Under both treatments, information acquisition increases large bidders' profits but proves unprofitable for small bidders, and pricing accuracy is increasing in the rate of information acquisition.
116

Two Essays on Local Public Economics

Horie, Shinya January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
117

Analysis of Blockchain-based Smart Contracts for Peer-to-Peer Solar Electricity Transactive Markets

Lin, Jason 08 February 2019 (has links)
The emergence of blockchain technology and increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) have created a new opportunity for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. However, challenges arise in such transactive markets to ensure individual rationality, incentive compatibility, budget balance, and economic efficiency during the trading process. This thesis creates an hour-ahead P2P energy trading network based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain and explores a comparative analysis of different auction mechanisms that form the basis of smart contracts. Considered auction mechanisms are discriminatory and uniform k-Double Auction with different k values. This thesis also investigates effects of four consumer and prosumer bidding strategies: random, preference factor, price-only game-theoretic approach, and supply-demand game-theoretic approach. A custom simulation framework that models the behavior of the transactive market is developed. Case studies of a 100-home microgrid at various photovoltaic (PV) penetration levels are presented using typical residential load and PV generation profiles in the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area. Results indicate that regardless of PV penetration levels and employed bidding strategies, discriminatory k-DA can outperform uniform k-DA. Despite so, discriminatory k-DA is more sensitive to market conditions than uniform k-DA. Additionally, results show that the price-only game-theoretic bidding strategy leads to near-ideal economic efficiencies regardless of auction mechanisms and PV penetration levels. / MS
118

Estratégias para leilões de energia

Justo, Diógenes Adriano Rizzotto January 2011 (has links)
A Teoria de Jogos tem sido amplamente utilizada para compreender e avaliar o comportamento dos agentes econômicos. Sua aplicação no estudo de leilões criou um ramo de estudos chamado Teoria de Leilões, através do trabalho pioneiro de Vickrey. Uma negociação realizada através de um leilão pode tomar diversas formas ou sistemáticas, cada qual com suas características. No Brasil, com a segunda reestruturação do setor elétrico em 2004, passou-se a utilizar este mecanismo para concessão de direitos de geração de energia elétrica, um monopólio do estado, por parte de organizações privadas. Diversos estudos abordam a eficiência de leilões, do ponto de vista da entidade organizadora, com objetivo de maximizar o bem estar para a sociedade. Este estudo visa construir um simulador numérico de leilões para avaliação de estratégias do ponto de vista do investidor. Estas estratégias estão condicionadas as características dos agentes participantes e do tipo de leilão. O trabalho adota uma perpectiva de avaliação da recente história dos leilões brasileiros a fim de identificar as estratégias possivelmente adotadas e sugere um modelo baseado na sistemática dos leilões aplicado computacionalmente a um simulador. De uma forma geral o trabalho segue o seguinte roteiro: teoria de jogos e teoria de leilões; mercado energético brasileiro de eletricidade; ferramentas financeiras para financiamento de projetos de energia; resultados dos leilões brasileiros; sistemática dos leilões; formatação do modelo. Elaboração do simulador utilizando: agentes; lógica fuzzy; função utilidade esperada e estratégias. Exercício de simulação: definição dos cenários; geração das bases de dados; execução do simulador. Para o fim a que se propõe, o simulador demonstrou refletir bem as situações encontradas na fase de pesquisa documental, propiciando boa flexibilidade para eventuais ajustes e adaptações. Foi possível utilizá-lo para testar situações limites entre ambientes de competição além de inferir questões relevantes ao investidor. A utilização de um simulador computacional tornou possível analisar numericamente situações não alcançadas somente com a teoria ou ferramentas analíticas. / Game theory has been widely used to understand and evaluate the economic agents’ behavior. Its application in auctions studies came up a study called Auction Theory, created by the pioneering job of Vickrey. A negotiation conducted through an auction, can take several ways or systematic, each one with its own characteristics. In the second restructuring process in Brazilian electricity sector, in 2004, started to use this mechanism, to granting electric power generation, a state monopoly, by private organizations. Several studies broach the efficiency of auctions, from organizer's point of view, in order to increase welfare for the society. This study aims to build an auction numerical simulator to evaluate strategies, from investor point of view (bidder). Those strategies are conditioned by auction mechanism and bidder characteristics. The job takes an assessment of recent history of Brazilian auctions, in order to identify possible adopted strategies, and suggests a model based on the auction systematic computationally applied to a Simulator. In general, the job follows those directions: game theory and auction theory; the Brazilian energy market for electricity; financial tools to finance energy projects; Brazilian auctions results; auctions’ systematic; formatting model. Working up the Simulator, using: agents, fuzzy logic; expected utility function and strategies. Exercise Simulation: environment definition; databases generation; to run the Simulator. The Simulator showed good representation from real situations for those was proposed, with flexible code to new adoptions and implementations. It was possible to run in boundaries of competition environment that show some insight to investor’s perspective. Use a computational simulator brings up a numerically way to understand some situations where just theory and analytical tools can’t reach.
119

Leilões 3G europeus e brasileiros: uma sugestão a fertilização

Valente, Paulo Vicente Dutra da Silva Santos January 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2008-05-13T13:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2142.pdf: 937600 bytes, checksum: 2ea39c80c8dbfa4f1a4c9e92d891f5f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-11 / A research was accomplished on the UMTS frequency spectrum licensing on Europe on the years 2000 and 2001. It was analyzed the bidders behaviors’, the auction rules’, the auction environment and each auction objective. After the European auction analysis was done a discussion on the specifics aspects of brazilian market for those types of auction. / Atualmente, o leilão de espectro tem sido evento de considerável relevância para o mercado de telecomunicações. As cifras alcançadas nos leilões, a oportunidade que eles representam para as empresas interessadas em explorar o mercado de telecomunicações, e o interesse do governo em alocar de forma eficiente este recurso, trouxeram notoriedade e magnitude para este mecanismo de seleção. Com o advento de novas tecnologias de comunicação móvel, detentoras de características inovadoras que permitem preencher cada vez mais a cesta de necessidades do consumidor, e a partir da alocação destas tecnologias a distintas faixas de espectro, tornou-se necessário, a determinação do mecanismo de escolha mais adequado daquele que será o gestor do recurso que permitirá a oferta desses serviços ao mercado: o espectro de freqüência. Com o intuito de se avaliar esse cenário, e os distintos papéis de seus participantes, busca-se nesse trabalho, através da análise do mais recente conjunto de leilões realizados para alocação deste recurso, o leilão das licenças 3G na Europa, compreender os pormenores envolvidos desde a elaboração até o desfecho deste processo. Objetiva-se, por fim, enriquecer o debate sobre esse tema ao discutir-se o cenário brasileiro. O trabalho ao analisar os leilões europeus nos permite identificar que as regras do leilão, como comentado por diversos autores, não são diretamente transplantáveis entre diferentes ambientes. Afinal dentro do ambiente homogêneo caracterizado pelo continente europeu, apesar da semelhança entre os diversos modelos de leilão utilizados, o sucesso obtido em países como Reino Unido e Alemanha, não foi repassado aos demais, ao compararmos o preço pago per capta. Entretanto, o espectro tem seu valor altamente conectado à disponibilidade tecnológica de sua utilização, logo, espectro sem tecnologia adequada para seu uso é observado como de valor privado aproximadamente zero pelos participantes. Esse fenômeno foi caracterizado pelo baixo valor atribuído ao espectro não pareado. Apesar de valor ser relativamente nulo, não é zero, pois a aquisição do direito de uso do espectro pode representar um 'hedge' para ser utilizado, senão hoje, quando a tecnologia estiver disponível. Porém sendo o espectro recurso escasso, a alocação deste para tecnologia ainda indisponível pode ser considerado ineficiente. Observa-se, também, que o 'incumbent' tende a valorizar mais uma licença, porém não se conseguiu determinar se isso ocorre devido a maior quantidade de informação que este detém sobre o mercado, ou devido à tentativa de manter o 'status quo' do oligopólio atual. Baseado no comentado anteriormente e nos resultados dos leilões torna-se evidente que caso o entrante não seja protegido, como o 'incumbent' valoriza mais a licença este sempre pagará mais por esta. E caso, o entrante tenha esta certeza, este não virá participar do leilão, o que na maior parte dos casos inviabilizaria o leilão pois haveriam tantas licenças quanto participantes. Ao analisar-se o caso brasileiro identifica-se a presença de um jogo nacional e um subjogo regional, onde os participantes podem ser simultaneamente 'incumbents' para uma região, porém entrantes em outra.
120

Estratégias para leilões de energia

Justo, Diógenes Adriano Rizzotto January 2011 (has links)
A Teoria de Jogos tem sido amplamente utilizada para compreender e avaliar o comportamento dos agentes econômicos. Sua aplicação no estudo de leilões criou um ramo de estudos chamado Teoria de Leilões, através do trabalho pioneiro de Vickrey. Uma negociação realizada através de um leilão pode tomar diversas formas ou sistemáticas, cada qual com suas características. No Brasil, com a segunda reestruturação do setor elétrico em 2004, passou-se a utilizar este mecanismo para concessão de direitos de geração de energia elétrica, um monopólio do estado, por parte de organizações privadas. Diversos estudos abordam a eficiência de leilões, do ponto de vista da entidade organizadora, com objetivo de maximizar o bem estar para a sociedade. Este estudo visa construir um simulador numérico de leilões para avaliação de estratégias do ponto de vista do investidor. Estas estratégias estão condicionadas as características dos agentes participantes e do tipo de leilão. O trabalho adota uma perpectiva de avaliação da recente história dos leilões brasileiros a fim de identificar as estratégias possivelmente adotadas e sugere um modelo baseado na sistemática dos leilões aplicado computacionalmente a um simulador. De uma forma geral o trabalho segue o seguinte roteiro: teoria de jogos e teoria de leilões; mercado energético brasileiro de eletricidade; ferramentas financeiras para financiamento de projetos de energia; resultados dos leilões brasileiros; sistemática dos leilões; formatação do modelo. Elaboração do simulador utilizando: agentes; lógica fuzzy; função utilidade esperada e estratégias. Exercício de simulação: definição dos cenários; geração das bases de dados; execução do simulador. Para o fim a que se propõe, o simulador demonstrou refletir bem as situações encontradas na fase de pesquisa documental, propiciando boa flexibilidade para eventuais ajustes e adaptações. Foi possível utilizá-lo para testar situações limites entre ambientes de competição além de inferir questões relevantes ao investidor. A utilização de um simulador computacional tornou possível analisar numericamente situações não alcançadas somente com a teoria ou ferramentas analíticas. / Game theory has been widely used to understand and evaluate the economic agents’ behavior. Its application in auctions studies came up a study called Auction Theory, created by the pioneering job of Vickrey. A negotiation conducted through an auction, can take several ways or systematic, each one with its own characteristics. In the second restructuring process in Brazilian electricity sector, in 2004, started to use this mechanism, to granting electric power generation, a state monopoly, by private organizations. Several studies broach the efficiency of auctions, from organizer's point of view, in order to increase welfare for the society. This study aims to build an auction numerical simulator to evaluate strategies, from investor point of view (bidder). Those strategies are conditioned by auction mechanism and bidder characteristics. The job takes an assessment of recent history of Brazilian auctions, in order to identify possible adopted strategies, and suggests a model based on the auction systematic computationally applied to a Simulator. In general, the job follows those directions: game theory and auction theory; the Brazilian energy market for electricity; financial tools to finance energy projects; Brazilian auctions results; auctions’ systematic; formatting model. Working up the Simulator, using: agents, fuzzy logic; expected utility function and strategies. Exercise Simulation: environment definition; databases generation; to run the Simulator. The Simulator showed good representation from real situations for those was proposed, with flexible code to new adoptions and implementations. It was possible to run in boundaries of competition environment that show some insight to investor’s perspective. Use a computational simulator brings up a numerically way to understand some situations where just theory and analytical tools can’t reach.

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