The patterns of, and interrelationships among quality, collaboration, citations, and self-citations of cancer research were investigated using samples of 1974 papers representing three quality levels. The three samples were: a Random Sample of 315 research papers; a Second-Order Quality Sample consisting of 276 papers listed as additional references in the Yearbook of Cancer; and a First-Order Quality Sample of 279 papers that were fully abstracted in the Yearbook. Selections for the Yearbook of Cancer are based on quality and are currently made by 174 distinguished cancer researchers. / The term Collaborative Index was coined to describe the average number of authors per paper for a given set of papers and was used as a quantitative measure of collaboration. Collaborative or Authorship Level describes, for a given paper, the number of authors. Diachronous citations for each paper were obtained for the first five years following publication from the 1974 through 1978 volumes of the Science Citation Index. / The Collaborative Index for cancer was estimated to be 2.98--the highest reported for any specialty. Moreover, cancer research was found to be highly cited. The United States, Britain, Australia, France, Sweden, Canada, Japan, Denmark, Italy and West Germany account for 90 percent of all quality papers and 86 percent of the Random Sample papers. / Many hypotheses were tested using chi-square, correlation, F and t tests as appropriate. The major findings follow. / Bibliometric studies of any subject must be based on a representative bibliography of that subject and not on a selection of journals, no matter the status of the journals. / As quality increases, the extent of literature scatter among journals, and among countries decreases. / The quantity and quality of cancer research productivity of a given country are highly correlated. Countries which produce the most, also produce the best. / The greater the Collaborative Index of a set of papers, the higher is its proportion of quality papers. / A variety of data analyzed with a variety of statistical tests showed that the citations received by a set of cancer research papers increase with the quality of the set. Moreover, quality and rates of annual and continuous uncitedness were found to be negatively associated. / The relationship between citations and collaborative levels depends on the quality of the papers considered. For high quality papers, both gross citations and net citations (self-citations excluded) increase significantly as number of co-authors increases but the increase is not significant for other papers. / Cancer research conducted in the U.S. is not more collaborative than cancer research done elsewhere. / The run-of-the-mill paper based on work done in the U.S. is more frequently cited than similar papers based on work done elsewhere. However, if only high quality papers are considered, the citation rates are about the same whether or not the work was done in the U.S. / Cancer publications in English are more frequently cited than those in other languages but the latter have higher self-citation rates. / The proportion of self-citations to total citations declines with quality of papers. / Self-citation rates and mean self-citations per paper decline with age of papers. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 41-07, Section: A, page: 2809. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1980. / The higher the total citations, the lower the rate of self-citations. / The relationship between self-citation rates and collaborative levels, and between the latter and mean self-citations depend on the quality of the papers considered. / Suggested indexing terms for the dissertation are Sociology of Science; Science of Science; Medical Informatics; Bibliometrics; Cancer Research; Quality; Collaboration; Collaborative Index; Citation Analysis; Self-Citations; and Uncitedness.

<p> The trend of using personally owned mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets in the workplace, referred to as Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), is being rapidly adopted by U.S. healthcare organizations. Because of the many advantages of BYOD policies, this trend is expected to continue. However, the use of personally owned devices in healthcare settings does present risks and challenges to health information technology professionals responsible for data security. A research gap exists as scholars have not yet identified what factors influence healthcare professionals&rsquo; intentions to accept and use an organization&rsquo;s BYOD policy. Using the technology adoption model (TAM) as a theoretical framework, the variables of perceived trust, perceived usefulness (PU), and perceived ease of use (PEOU) were examined to better understand the phenomenon of BYOD adoption in U.S. healthcare industry. A nonexperimental, correlational research design was chosen, and data were collected using a cross-sectional, online survey instrument. The population of interest included individuals working in the U.S. healthcare industry that owned a mobile device. The sample consisted of 130 healthcare personnel including clinical practitioners and health information technology personnel. Data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression technique. The results indicated that perceived trust and PU were significantly related to BYOD adoption, but no significant relationship existed between PEOU and BYOD adoption. These findings suggest that to promote BYOD adoption, organizations should focus on building trust and ensuring that users can derive utility from these devices. Ease of use was not a significant factor in this study, possibly as users were already familiar with their personal devices.</p><p>

<p> Foundations and communities for open-source projects often want to determine the impact of their software projects. This impact can be understood in a variety of ways, and this research explores this subject by examining the interdependencies between an open-source project and other projects. In this context, the open-source project is dependent on components created upstream by the other projects. Conversely, software is used downstream by other projects. This thesis proposes an index called the V-index, through which impact of an open-source project, as used in downstream projects, can be measured. The V-index is developed using the open database libraires.io, which provides the requisite dependencies and, thus, a determination of the impact of open-source projects. Further, to explore how the V-index can be understood, project-specific open-source health metrics are identified as potentially easier targets for change than is project impact. A correlation matrix is formed among the identified metrics and the V-index is calculated to determine the corresponding relationships among them. Finally, the conclusions and implications of this research are drawn.</p><p>

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are used increasingly in the hospital and outpatient set- tings, and patients are amassing digitized clinical information. On one hand, aggregating all the patient's clinical information can greatly assist health care workers in making sound decisions. On the other hand, it can result in information overload, making it difficult to browse for information within the health record. Considering the time constraints clinicians face, one way to reduce information overload is through a search utility. However, traditional, free-text search engines within the EHR can potentially miss documents that do not contain the query but that are relevant to the clinical user's search. This dissertation aims at addressing this gap by analyzing within-patient search of the EHR and examining various semantic search approaches on clinical narrative. Our work consists of three studies where clinical users' search needs are examined, traditional string-matching is analyzed, and semantic search approaches on clinical narrative are evaluated. The first study applied a mixed method approach in order to provide a better understanding of clinical users' search needs within the EHR. It is comprised of a retrospective log analysis of search log files and a survey that was administered to clinical professionals within our institution. The log analysis attempts to categorize how users of a search system query for information, and the survey tries to understand users' search preferences. This study showed that clinical users were very interested in search functionality within the EHR and that various types of users utilize a search utility differently. Overall, most users searched for specific laboratory tests and diseases within the health record. The last two studies rely on a gold standard, which was developed specifically for this dissertation. The gold standard contained a document collection, a set of queries, and for each document/query pair, a relevance judgment. This gold standard was used to evaluate and compare different search models on clinical narrative. The second study conducted was an error analysis of the traditional, vector-space model search approach. The study examined the false positives and false negatives of this approach and categorized the errors in order to identify gaps that semantic approaches may fill. The last study was a systematic evaluation of five different semantic search approaches. These search methods consisted of distributional semantic approaches and an ontology-based approach. The study identified that a mixed topic modeling and vector-space model approach was the best performing search algorithm on our gold standard. All of these studies lay the foundation for us to gain a deeper understanding of information retrieval methods within the electronic health record. Ultimately, this will allow health care professionals to easily access pertinent patient information, which could result in better health care delivery.

<p> In the Data Era, the future success of many businesses will heavily depend on the business&rsquo;s ability to collect and process consumer personal information. Business leaders must understand and implement practices that increase consumer trust to influence their willingness to disclose their information. The problem addressed by this study is many consumers do not trust online service providers with their personal information, and as a result, have refrained from engaging in online activities. This lack of consumer trust impacts the consumers, businesses, and the global economy. The privacy calculus theory, which provided the theoretical framework for this study, suggests that consumer conduct a risk-benefit analysis to aid in their decision to disclose personal information. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to understand how consumers use privacy notices in their decisions whether to share their personal information with online businesses. This study was designed to answer how consumers view the relationship between privacy notice type and trust, privacy-related costs, and their likeliness to disclose personal information. A sample of 288 American adult privacy pragmatists were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. The participants were randomly assigned to read one of three privacy notice formats, a full-text format, a layered text format, or a standardized table format, and asked to answer a survey. A one-way analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses. This study <i>F</i>(8, 55) = 2.08, <i>p</i> = .04 found a relationship between privacy notice type and consumer trust (&eta; = .22, <i>p</i> = .001). No relationship was found between privacy notice type and a consumer&rsquo;s perceived protection belief (&eta; = .14, <i>p</i> = .07), perceived risk belief (&eta; = .05, <i> p</i> = .70) or likeliness to disclose (&eta; = .11, <i>p</i> = .20). Practitioners should focus factors that will encourage disclosure collect consumer personal information other than website privacy notice format. Further research is needed to study these relationships in different online contexts and with different populations. Further research is also needed to study the relationships using other privacy format types.</p><p>

本論文考慮對於二值輸入廣播信道在沒有公共信息要求的情況下，如何評估Marton 內界。對於雙用戶廣播信道而言，該內界是最好的，而最好的外界是UV 外界。最近我們證明了UV 外界不是容量區域，但是Marton 內界是否是容量區域尚未可知。 / 在論文的第一部份，我們介紹了一個由Jog 和Nair 獲得的基於二值輸入斜對稱廣播信道的不等式，該不等式被用於首次證明Marton 內界嚴格包含在UV 外界里。我們將該不等式推廣到任意二值輸入廣播信道。在證明中，我們採用擾動分析的方法，幫助刻劃了不等式在非平凡情況下的性質。 / 在第二部份，我們專注于研究輸出對稱的二值輸入廣播信道。我們證明了Marton 內界是否嚴格包含于UV 外界里是與特定偏序密切相關的，同時找到了另一個嚴格包含的例子。 / 對於評估內界而不僅僅是其中的總傳輸率，我們考慮邊界的支撐超平面，然後提出一個猜想，利用凸包的概念推廣了之前提及的不等式。對於大部份情況，我們證明了該猜想。 / 本論文的主要貢獻在於，我們拓展了評估特定可達傳輸率的新工具和方法，同時證明了某些非基於凸性質的不等式。 / This thesis concerns the evaluation of Marton's inner bound for binary input broadcast channel without common message.This inner bound is the best one for two-receiver broadcast channel, while the best outer bound is UV outer bound. Recently we have shown that UV outer bound is not optimal, however the optimality of Marton's inner bound is still unknown. / In the first part, we introduce a binary inequality obtained by Jog and Nair for binary-skew symmetric broadcast channel, which helps to show for the first time that Marton's inner bound is strictly included in UV outer bound. We generalize this inequality to be true for arbitrary binary input broadcast channel. The method applied here is perturbation analysis, which helps to characterize the properties of non-trivial cases in the proof. / In the second part, we study a class of broadcast channel consisting of binary input symmetric-output channels. We show that whether Marton's inner bound is strictly included in UV outer bound is closely related to the more capable partial order, and we find a second example that demonstrates the strict inclusion. / To evaluate the inner bound beyond the sum-rate, we consider the supporting hyperplanes of the boundary points and conjecture the binary inequality to a stronger one, where we utilize the notion of concave envelope. We prove the extended inequality for certain cases. / The main contribution of the thesis is in the development of new tools and techniques for evaluating certain achievable regions as well as for proving certain information inequalities that are not based on convexity. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Geng, Yanlin. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Broadcast channel and capacity region --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Inner bounds to capacity region --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Outer bounds to capacity region --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Partial orders --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Examples where inner and outer bounds differ --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- A binary inequality --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Proof of special settings --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- Two nontrivial cases --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Proof of XOR case --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Proof of AND case --- p.26 / Chapter 3 --- BISO broadcast channel --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- BISO channel --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- Partial orders on BISO broadcast channel --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- More capable comparability --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- More capable and essentially less noisy --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3 --- Comparison of bounds for BISO broadcast channel --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4 --- A new partial order --- p.46 / Chapter 4 --- Extended binary inequality --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1 --- Proof of XOR case --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2 --- A conjecture on extending the inequality --- p.61 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.62 / Bibliography --- p.64

As one of the most significant and visible examples of collective intelligence, online peer production communities, such as Wikipedia and Stack Overflow, have become critical to the Web’s knowledge infrastructure. The popularity of these communities has led to a growing body of literature regarding issues of how to encourage commitments and contributions, regulate members’ behavior, or control the quality of community outputs. However, in reality many peer production communities didn’t survive until that stage they need to deal with the above challenges—they never really get off the ground. To build successful online peer production communities, it is essential to have a good understanding of how online peer production communities are self-developed to survive the initial growing pains at startup stage, and how new communities failed, especially comparing to those successful ones. This study employed a mixed methods case study design with content analysis, social network analysis, and semi-structured interviews to examine differences between one successful and one unsuccessful online social Q&A community in the startup stage on Stack Exchange. In particular, the study examined and contrasted the two communities on how they defined their communities’ objectives and scopes; how they recruited, selected, and retained their community members; how they motivated members’ contribution, decided the community structures, and maintained the quality of community outputs. The findings indicated that compared to the failed community Q&A community, the successful Q&A community devoted more efforts to activities of quality assurance, user management, tool development, promotion, and communication between members. It also set clear rules regarding community scope management and user moderation, as well as documented instructions to implement those rules. Besides content creators and moderators, the successful Q&A community had unique user groups who were responsible for quality control, meta-content, and other community supporting work. The successful community also engaged in developing tools for question answering, content editing, searching and browsing, computation, graphic design, program, communication, moderation, and user education. The user network of the successful community was also connected and expanded largely by high-profile users such as moderators and high-reputation content contributors. Implications of this study are twofold. First, it could advance our theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms of successful peer production systems (especially theoretical claims of early stage community ecology and developing strategies), for example in mixed scope setting, user selection and recruitment, motivating contributions, etc. This study may also provide practical guidelines to designers of existing peer production communities and those who want to start a new one regarding policy, reputation, incentive system design as well as how socio-technical features could facilitate useful community building activities such as quality assurance, meta-content work, copy-editing, communication, user education, moderation, etc. / A Dissertation submitted to the School of Information in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Spring Semester 2019. / April 8, 2019. / community survival, computer supported cooperative work, peer production, social computing, social Q&A, socio-technical systems / Includes bibliographical references. / Besiki Stvilia, Professor Directing Dissertation; Xinlin Tang, University Representative; Michelle Kazmer, Committee Member; Zhe He, Committee Member.

The purpose of this study was to determine how audiovisual (AV) instruction is perceived in American Library Schools accredited by the American Library Association (ALA). This study compared the perceptions of deans and professors concerning AV instruction in their schools. Deans were selected as part of the population because of their decision-making, administrative positions in the schools. The professors, who are knowledgeable in the AV area, provided information concerning actual AV instruction. The total population was 63 deans and 120 professors. Data were collected using mailed questionnaires. The return rate was 81 percent for deans and 80 percent for professors. / This study was designed to find (1) The degree to which deans of library schools agree with their audiovisual teaching faculty on the importance of audiovisual instruction in their schools; and (2) The current issues, programs, problems, and trends of audiovisual instruction and their supporting facets. / This study found that deans' and professors' perceptions concerning audiovisual instruction differ significantly in six of the ten statements furnished. / Audiovisual instruction seems to have a number of issues; some schools have closed their audiovisual programs while others are developing new ones. There is still a lack of professional and non-professional support. There is a trend toward increasing the number of integrated audiovisual courses and decreasing the number of separate audiovisual courses. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 48-12, Section: A, page: 3001. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1987.

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