Yes / The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate: 1) that silent substitution stimuli can be used generate electro-retinograms (ERGs) that effectively isolate rod photoreceptor function in humans without the need for dark adaptation and 2) that this approach constitutes a viable alternative to current clinical standard testing protocols. Rod-isolating and non-isolating sinusoidal flicker stimuli were generated on a 4 primary LED ganzfeld stimulator to elicit ERGs from non-dark adapted participants with normal and compromised rod function. Responses were subjected to Fourier analysis and the amplitude and phase of the fundamental were used to examine temporal frequency and retinal illuminance response characteristics. ERGs elicited by rod isolating silent substitution stimuli exhibit low-pass temporal frequency response characteristics with an upper response limit of 30Hz. Responses are optimal between 5 – 8 Hz and between 10-100 photopic Td. There is a significant correlation between the response amplitudes obtained with the silent substitution method and current standard clinical protocols. Analysis of signal to noise ratios reveals significant differences between subjects with normal and compromised rod function. Silent substitution provides an effective method for the isolation of human rod photoreceptor function in subjects with normal as well as compromised rod function when stimuli are used within appropriate parameter ranges. Translational Relevance: This method of generating rod ERGs rod isolation can be achieved without time consuming periods of dark adaptation and provides improved isolation of rod- from cone-based activity and will lead to the development of faster clinical electro-physiological testing protocols with improved selectivity.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Chemistry, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

<p>I den här uppsatsen testas om importen av nya vita fisksorter som tog fart vid millennieskiftet har påverkat efterfrågan på den svenska torsken. Med hjälp av two-stages least squares skattas efterfrågan för torsk samt en omvänd korspriselasticitet för torsk och de två vita fisksorterna Hoki och Alaska Pollock. Resultaten tyder på att efterfrågan på torsk har ökat och att konsumenterna inte uppfattar Alaska Pollock och Hoki som substitut till torsk.</p>

I den här uppsatsen testas om importen av nya vita fisksorter som tog fart vid millennieskiftet har påverkat efterfrågan på den svenska torsken. Med hjälp av two-stages least squares skattas efterfrågan för torsk samt en omvänd korspriselasticitet för torsk och de två vita fisksorterna Hoki och Alaska Pollock. Resultaten tyder på att efterfrågan på torsk har ökat och att konsumenterna inte uppfattar Alaska Pollock och Hoki som substitut till torsk.

None

Thesis--Ph. D., University of Hong Kong. / Includes The Sn mechanism in inorganic reactions. Pt. I. Hydroxide-ion substitution in halogenopentamminecobalt (III) complexes, by the author and others reprinted from Journal of the Chemical Society, May, 1965. Typewritten.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1978.

Examination of the scope of the [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction as well as the development of a domino [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂-catalyzed allylic alkylation/Pauson Khand reaction is described. A number of experiments were carried out in order to explore the novel regioselectivity in the [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction, and the [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction was found to give products resulting from attack of the nucleophile on the carbon bearing the leaving group in a highly regioselective fashion in most cases. Examination of allylic carbonate substrates containing similar substitution at each allylic site was carried out, and conditions that minimize equilibration of active intermediates were determined. Intramolecular [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂-catalyzed allylic alkylation was accomplished to synthesize challenging eight-membered lactone ring systems. Nucleophile scope was explored with regards to the [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂-catalyzed allylic substitution reaction, and malonates, substituted malonates, aliphatic amines, and ortho-substituted phenols were all determined to be effective in the reaction. A domino [Rh(CO)₂Cl]₂-catalyzed allylic alkylation/Pauson-Khand reaction was developed which allows the rapid synthesis of bicyclopentenone products from simple, readily available starting materials. The first application of the Pauson-Khand reaction to the synthesis of azabridged bicyclic structures is also described. Various cis-2,6-disubstituted piperidines were cyclized to the corresponding azabridged bicyclopentenones is high yields often in high diastereoselectivities. The effect of ring size, nitrogen substituent, and remote functionality on the Pauson-Khand substrates was studied. The methodology developed was applied to the concise, enantioselective total synthesis of the antimalarial and anticancer indole alkaloid (-)-alstonerine. Pauson-Khand reaction of a readily available enyne synthesized in four steps from L-tryptophan provided a cyclopentenone in high yield as one diastereomer. Elaboration of the Pauson-Khand product required the development of a one pot conversion of a five-membered cyclic silyl enol ether to a sixmembered lactone and the mild acylation of a glycal.

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy