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Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool KG (1770-1828), was First Lord of the Treasury and Prime Minister for almost fifteen years in the early nineteenth century. He survived in the premiership for longer than all but two of his predecessors and longer than all of his successors, at least so far. Liverpool is, however, one the most overlooked and underestimated of Prime Ministers. Norman Gash's book is the first and so far only modem biography of Liverpool. This study, however, is less than three hundred pages in length, is based on only seven of the hundreds of volumes of the Liverpool Papers in the custody of the British Library and is far from exhaustive in its use of printed sources. There is evidently considerable scope and need for further research on the subject of Liverpool's life and career especially during the period of his premiership and based on a trawl through all the manuscript sources now available. This doctoral dissertation seeks to examine Liverpool during his early premiership between 1812 and 1815, one of the least studied but most significant periods of both Liverpool's life and career, and his administration, from the point Liverpool succeeded to the highest office to the resettlement of Europe after the long war with France. The opening section aims to place Liverpool in his historical context. There is a particular emphasis here on an analysis of the political system that Liverpool was required to master. Liverpool's early life and career before he rose to the premiership is the focus of the next section. The main body of the thesis is divided into two parts. One part examines Liverpool during his early premiership in a mainly chronological style and is concerned almost entirely with the issues of war and peace, and the other part seeks to examine a number of major themes that are most satisfactorily looked at in isolation from the main narrative. For example, one chapter covers the premier's relationship with the monarchy.

The purpose of this project is to bring Kim’s caprices into the mainstream violin literature through a three-prong approach by examining each caprice via musical analysis, technical analysis, and by investigating its pedagogical merit. After inspecting each caprice through three different lenses mentioned above, the paper will organize the twelve caprices around a tripartite structure; serial, atonal, and free tonal. The work opens with a six-measure Motto. While the relationship between the Motto and the rest of the work is not immediately clear, thorough musical and formal analysis will provide insight into the work’s cohesion. This project will also examine pedagogically what specific technical challenges lay in selected caprices and how to solve thorny problems. The caprices are truly innovative in a sense that they present opportunities to understand non-tonal polyphonic writing on what is supposed to be a monophonic instrument while expanding the tradition of the Violin Caprice.

The essay presents the scholarly controversy over the correct attribution of the works by “Shakespeare”. The main alternative author is Edward de Vere, 17th earl of Oxford. 16th century conventions allowed noblemen to write poetry or drama only for private circulation. To appear in print, such works had to be anonymous or under pseudonym. Overtly writing for public theatre, a profitable business, would have been a degrading conduct. Oxford’s contemporary fame as an author is little matched by known works. Great gaps in relevant sources indicate that documents concerning not only his person and authorship but also the life of Shakspere from Stratford, the alleged author, have been deliberately eliminated in order to transfer the authorship, for which the political authority of the Elizabethan and Jacobean autocratic society had motive and resources enough. A restored identity would imply radical redating of plays and poems.                       To what extent literature is autobiographical, or was in that age, and whether restoring a lost identity from written works is legitimate at all, are basic issues of the debate, always implying tradition without real proof versus circumstantial evidence. As such arguments are incompatible, both sides have incessantly missed their targets. The historical conditions for the sequence of events that created the fiction, and its main steps, are related. Oxford will be in focus, since most old and new evidence for making a case has reference to him. The views of the two parties on different points are presented by continual quoting from representative recent works by Shakespeare scholars, where the often scornful tone of the debate still echoes. It is claimed that the urge for concrete results will make the opinion veer to the side that proves productive and eventually can create a new coherent picture, but better communication between the parties’ scholars is called for. / Literary Degree Project

Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, Queen Elizabeth’s last favorite and the last man she executed for treason, has been harshly treated by posterity. Given his leading role at court in what Patrick Collinson calls the “nasty nineties,” Essex has taken much of the blame for the divisive factional politics of Elizabeth’s final decade. However, leading recent efforts to salvage Essex’s reputation, historian Paul Hammer has uncovered a sophisticated bureaucracy operated by highly educated scholars and led by an intelligent, cultivated statesman. A considerable number of high-profile literary figures, moreover, willingly engaged with this ambitiously expanding Essex faction. This thesis proposes that evidence of interference by the censor and the Privy Council, sensitive to a politicized historiography promoting the Earl’s interests chiefly on London’s stages, discloses the presence of a loose, autonomous federation of authors associated with the Essex and post-Essex factions between 1590 and 1610. This thesis considers the suspected works of an eclectic group of writers bonded by their ideological affiliations with Essex’s “radical moderatism”: civil lawyer John Hayward’s prose history of The Life and Raigne of Henrie IIII (1599); William Shakespeare’s second “tetralogy” (1595-99) dealing with the same historical period; Samuel Daniel’s closet drama of the downfall of the Greek general Philotas (1605); and innovative playwright George Chapman’s double tragedy set in France, The Conspiracy and Tragedy of Charles, Duke of Byron (1608). I situate these authors within the intellectual and public relations wing of the Essex circle in order to consider how they made contact with the center and with each other, and where they resided within the broader operation of the faction; what they offered and what they expected in return; how they shaped political thinking and how their dramaturgy developed as a consequence; whether they were attracted by the purse or the person; and to what extent they were artistically or ideologically motivated. In considering, finally, whether these writers worked in collaboration or alone, on message or off-the-cuff, as propagandists or political commentators, I illuminate the critically neglected role of the factional writer in early modern England. / text

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Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of History, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Issued also in microfilm form, as thesis, Columbia University, under title: The life of William E. Dodge.

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