This thesis presents an examination of the political ecology of human-elephant relationships in India. Its overall aim is to revitalize the ecology that has been sifted out from the discipline. The thesis draws upon, and consequently develops, more-than-human geography through a sustained engagement of nature-society relations in a non-Western context. The thesis has three broad objectives. First, to examine what more-than-human geography’s emphasis on non-dualistic forms of agency, could contribute to understandings of policy, planning and politics in conservation. Second, to examine the spatial dimensions of human-elephant relations and the social orderings of space which influence these relationships. The third objective of the thesis is to interrogate the politics of elephant conservation through a sustained engagement with diverse modes of human-elephant encounters and the socio-political assemblages with which they are entangled. The thesis first deploys and develops the concept of ‘encounter value’ to account for the different forms of human-elephant encounters and how they contribute to the political economies of biodiversity conservation. The thesis then draws from a multi-sited ethnography examining both encounters and spaces of elephant conservation. It shows how elephants help forge connections across difference and the ways their geographies are reconfigured by global networks of conservation. The third empirical section has an implicit spatial dimension. It is concerned with writing a ‘more-than-human’ geography of landscapes, examining how humans and elephants cohabit with and against the grain of political design. Finally, the thesis examines politics as an ecology of relations, showing how human-elephant relations as well as social and political outcomes may be mediated by materials. Modes of enquiry between these papers overlap. They offer critical insights into three themes that interface between political ecology and more-than-human geography. First, the thesis contributes to conceptualizing modes of human-animal encounters in a symmetrical fashion. It explicates the role of nonhuman agency as an organizing force in political economies of conservation. Second, it posits new understandings of the spaces of animals. This is developed in two ways: landscapes as dwelt, political achievements and as fluid spaces emerging through international networks of environmental governance. Third, the thesis ecologizes politics and goes beyond the humanist frameworks of political ecology. It fosters novel conversations between more-than-human geography and the postcolonial critique of political ecology in the context of human-elephant relationships. Taken together, the thesis offers up a concerted, symmetrical and novel approach to the study people’s relations with animals.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A crescente crise ambiental das Ãltimas dÃcadas vem impulsionando a elaboraÃÃo de novas propostas de desenvolvimento da sociedade, o que tem gerado a necessidade de se estabelecerem novas formas de monitorar o desenvolvimento. Assim, vem crescendo o interesse pela criaÃÃo de indicadores de sustentabilidade. Ao se tratar do desenvolvimento humano, estes indicadores tambÃm sÃo chamados de Indicadores de Qualidade de Vida. A escolha e o uso de indicadores, de forma participativa, alÃm de ser uma importante ferramenta de gestÃo, se apresenta como instrumento de educaÃÃo ambiental. Pelo princÃpio da subsidiaridade e pela prÃpria constataÃÃo da realidade, a dimensÃo comunitÃria tem sido evocada como elo fundamental para a gestÃo ambiental. O Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro ainda nÃo chegou a este nÃvel de organizaÃÃo social, fato que compromete a eficiÃncia da GestÃo Costeira no Brasil. Sà na orla do CearÃ, sÃo existentes mais de 100 comunidades tradicionais que, atravÃs de seu modo de vida, tendem a manter em equilÃbrio a relaÃÃo sociedade&natureza no litoral. Acreditando no potencial do Monitoramento Participativo da Qualidade de Vida ComunitÃria, como um instrumento para a inserÃÃo das comunidades tradicionais ao Gerenciamento Costeiro, nos propusemos estudar uma metodologia participativa para a escolha de Indicadores e Ãndices de Qualidade de Vida. Para tanto, nos apoiamos no princÃpio da pesquisa-aÃÃo de aprender fazendo, onde desenvolvemos, juntamente com moradores da comunidade da Prainha do Canto Verde, Beberibe/CE, um conjunto de Indicadores e Ãndices da Qualidade de Vida ComunitÃria. Tendo as necessidades da populaÃÃo como temas orientadores e a famÃlia como unidade de anÃlise, todos os indicadores foram padronizados em porcentagem, incluindo situaÃÃes concretas, atitudes e prÃticas, percepÃÃes e/ou grau de satisfaÃÃo de suas necessidades. Todo o processo envolve 8 passos, desde a formaÃÃo de um grupo de estudo atà a elaboraÃÃo dos Ãndices, um para cada necessidade. Para a coleta das informaÃÃes utilizamos questionÃrios, que foram construÃdos e aplicados com a participaÃÃo de 6 jovens da comunidade. O resultado aponta as necessidades de AlimentaÃÃo e OrganizaÃÃo como as mais carentes, e a SaÃde e Energia como as mais satisfatÃrias. Os indicadores deverÃo ser compartilhados com todos os grupos interessados, atravÃs das formas mais acessÃveis possÃveis. A metodologia proposta demonstrou-se satisfatÃria para o desenvolvimento do Monitoramento Participativo da Qualidade de Vida, o qual, alÃm de ser instrumento de gestÃo e educaÃÃo ambiental, pode ser utilizado em programas de CertificaÃÃo da Sustentabilidade ComunitÃria, constituindo-se num importante estÃmulo ao desenvolvimento comunitÃrio sustentÃvel. / The growing environmental crisis of the last decades has been impelling the elaboration of new proposals for the development of the society, and has been generating the need to establish new forms of monitoring the development process. Thus, the interest for the creation of sustainability indicators has been growing. When speaking about human development, these indicators are also called Quality of Life Indicators. The choice and the use of indicators, through participative arrangements, besides being an important administration tool, even turns out to be an instrument for environmental education. Due to the principles of subsidiarity and verification of the reality, the community dimension has been evoked as a fundamental link for environmental management. The National Plan of Coastal Management has not arrived at this level of social organisation yet, a fact that puts in danger the efficiency of Coastal Management in Brazil. Only in the sea border of the state of Cearà dwell more than a 100 traditional communities, whose way of life tends to maintain the harmony of the relationship between Society&Nature on the coast. Believing in the potential of Participative Monitoring of the Quality of Life of the Community, as a tool to involve traditional communities into the coastal management process, we intended to study a participative methodology for choosing Quality of Life Indicators and Indexes. Hence, we founded this research on principles of Action-research, that learning by doing, developing together with the community of Prainha do Canto Verde, Beberibe/CE, a group of Indicators and Indexes of Quality of Life. Assuming the population's needs as focus and the family as unit of analysis, all indicators were standardised into percentages, including concrete situations, attitudes and practices, perceptions and/or degree of satisfaction of the needs. The whole process involves 8 steps, from the formation of a study group to the elaboration of the Indexes, one for each need. For collecting information we used a survey method, that were produced and used with the participation of 6 young people of the community. The results demonstrate nutrition and organisation needs as the most lacking ones, and health and energy as the most satisfactory. The indicators should be shared with all the interested community groups, through the most accessible forms. The methodology proposed revealed to be satisfactory with respect to the development of a Participative Monitoring of Quality of Life, which, besides being a tool for local administration and environmental education, can be used in Sustainable Community Certification Programs, and constitutes an important incentive for a Sustainable Community Development process.

Dissertation (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1972. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 361-366).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, [2002]. / "This thesis has been presented in fulfilment of the requirements of a PhD at the University of Western Sydney " Bibliography: leaves 252-279, and Appendices.

Thesis (Ph. D. in Anthropology)--Vanderbilt University, May 2010. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 1981. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 328-345).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Fear of predation can have a major impact on the behaviour of prey species. Despite recent codifying of the concept of the ecology of fear, there has been relatively little focus on how these ideas apply to large carnivore species which, although not prey sensu stricto, may experience fear as a result of threats from humans. This thesis argues that large mammalian carnivores are subject to a Landscape of Fear similar to that described for prey species, and will respond behaviourally to fear of human-caused mortality. The idea of a "Landscape of Coexistence" is introduced to denote the perceived risk from humans and associated behavioural responses that can be overlain on spatio-temporally heterogeneous landscapes. Literature on the ecology of fear for large mammalian carnivores and, as there is a dearth of such literature, the current theory on the ecology of fear for other guilds is reviewed, and how this might inform large carnivore behaviour in a Landscape of Coexistence is explored. Behavioural effects of human-caused mortality risk are revealed for lions living in a human dominated landscape (Laikipia County, Kenya), specifically how lions adjust their movement patterns, habitat use and foraging tactics when in proximity to humans. It is argued that these behavioural adjustments represent a trade-off between maximising fitness enhancing activities and minimising the risk of human-caused mortality, thus need to be taken into consideration along with the lethal effects of humans when explaining the density, distribution and behaviour of lions throughout much of their remaining range. Although fear is generic, 'human-caused mortality risk' represents a distinct and very important sub-set of the ecology of fear for the carnivore guild. The existence of a Landscape of Coexistence has implications for understanding their foraging ecology, and ultimately their population dynamics and role in the ecosystem, and is therefore, important for the conservation of large carnivores throughout large parts of their remaining ranges.

ALMEIDA,Henrique Luís de Paula e Silva de. Indicadores de qualidade de vida instrumento para o monitoramento participativo da qualidade de vida de comunidades costeiras tradicionais:o caso da Prainha do Canto Verde,Beberibe/CE 2002. 223 f.: Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós –Graduação, PRODEMA - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2002. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T13:03:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Henrique Luis de Paula e Silva de Almeida.pdf: 16534380 bytes, checksum: 5622422c42f4b46fe6af52f3d55f839b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia(demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-03-28T14:25:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Henrique Luis de Paula e Silva de Almeida.pdf: 16534380 bytes, checksum: 5622422c42f4b46fe6af52f3d55f839b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T14:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Henrique Luis de Paula e Silva de Almeida.pdf: 16534380 bytes, checksum: 5622422c42f4b46fe6af52f3d55f839b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / The growing environmental crisis of the last decades has been impelling the elaboration of new proposals for the development of the society, and has been generating the need to establish new forms of monitoring the development process. Thus, the interest for the creation of sustainability indicators has been growing. When speaking about human development, these indicators are also called Quality of Life Indicators. The choice and the use of indicators, through participative arrangements, besides being an important administration tool, even turns out to be an instrument for environmental education. Due to the principles of subsidiarity and verification of the reality, the community dimension has been evoked as a fundamental link for environmental management. The National Plan of Coastal Management has not arrived at this level of social organisation yet, a fact that puts in danger the efficiency of Coastal Management in Brazil. Only in the sea border of the state of Ceará dwell more than a 100 traditional communities, whose way of life tends to maintain the harmony of the relationship between Society&Nature on the coast. Believing in the potential of Participative Monitoring of the Quality of Life of the Community, as a tool to involve traditional communities into the coastal management process, we intended to study a participative methodology for choosing Quality of Life Indicators and Indexes. Hence, we founded this research on principles of Action-research, that learning by doing, developing together with the community of Prainha do Canto Verde, Beberibe/CE, a group of Indicators and Indexes of Quality of Life. Assuming the population's needs as focus and the family as unit of analysis, all indicators were standardised into percentages, including concrete situations, attitudes and practices, perceptions and/or degree of satisfaction of the needs. The whole process involves 8 steps, from the formation of a study group to the elaboration of the Indexes, one for each need. For collecting information we used a survey method, that were produced and used with the participation of 6 young people of the community. The results demonstrate nutrition and organisation needs as the most lacking ones, and health and energy as the most satisfactory. The indicators should be shared with all the interested community groups, through the most accessible forms. The methodology proposed revealed to be satisfactory with respect to the development of a Participative Monitoring of Quality of Life, which, besides being a tool for local administration and environmental education, can be used in Sustainable Community Certification Programs, and constitutes an important incentive for a Sustainable Community Development process. / A crescente crise ambiental das últimas décadas vem impulsionando a elaboração de novas propostas de desenvolvimento da sociedade, o que tem gerado a necessidade de se estabelecerem novas formas de monitorar o desenvolvimento. Assim, vem crescendo o interesse pela criação de indicadores de sustentabilidade. Ao se tratar do desenvolvimento humano, estes indicadores também são chamados de Indicadores de Qualidade de Vida. A escolha e o uso de indicadores, de forma participativa, além de ser uma importante ferramenta de gestão, se apresenta como instrumento de educação ambiental. Pelo princípio da subsidiaridade e pela própria constatação da realidade, a dimensão comunitária tem sido evocada como elo fundamental para a gestão ambiental. O Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro ainda não chegou a este nível de organização social, fato que compromete a eficiência da Gestão Costeira no Brasil. Só na orla do Ceará, são existentes mais de 100 comunidades tradicionais que, através de seu modo de vida, tendem a manter em equilíbrio a relação sociedade&natureza no litoral. Acreditando no potencial do Monitoramento Participativo da Qualidade de Vida Comunitária, como um instrumento para a inserção das comunidades tradicionais ao Gerenciamento Costeiro, nos propusemos estudar uma metodologia participativa para a escolha de Indicadores e Índices de Qualidade de Vida. Para tanto, nos apoiamos no princípio da pesquisa-ação de aprender fazendo, onde desenvolvemos, juntamente com moradores da comunidade da Prainha do Canto Verde, Beberibe/CE, um conjunto de Indicadores e Índices da Qualidade de Vida Comunitária. Tendo as necessidades da população como temas orientadores e a família como unidade de análise, todos os indicadores foram padronizados em porcentagem, incluindo situações concretas, atitudes e práticas, percepções e/ou grau de satisfação de suas necessidades. Todo o processo envolve 8 passos, desde a formação de um grupo de estudo até a elaboração dos Índices, um para cada necessidade. Para a coleta das informações utilizamos questionários, que foram construídos e aplicados com a participação de 6 jovens da comunidade. O resultado aponta as necessidades de Alimentação e Organização como as mais carentes, e a Saúde e Energia como as mais satisfatórias. Os indicadores deverão ser compartilhados com todos os grupos interessados, através das formas mais acessíveis possíveis. A metodologia proposta demonstrou-se satisfatória para o desenvolvimento do Monitoramento Participativo da Qualidade de Vida, o qual, além de ser instrumento de gestão e educação ambiental, pode ser utilizado em programas de Certificação da Sustentabilidade Comunitária, constituindo-se num importante estímulo ao desenvolvimento comunitário sustentável.