Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 233, 4 p. : ill. (some col), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis sets out to discover the principal facts concerning the economy of Carlisle in this 150 years and to try to explain them and their significance. A wide range of sources has been used, including: the administrative papers, court records and accounts of the corporation of Carlisle; gild records; parish registers; state papers, taxation records and other documents generated by central government; the records of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle; and probate records. Only the latter covered the bulk of the period. Carlisle was the largest town in Cumberland until about 1690, when it was overtaken by Whitehaven. The city's population reached a peak of just under 2,000 in 1597, then fell, but climbed back to 2,000 by 1700. Its economy rested on its functions as garrison, county, cathedral and market town, but tanning was important before the Civil War. The three special functions gave the town an unusually high proportion of lawyers, clergymen and soldiers among its inhabitants, but otherwise its occupational structure was essentially that of a market town, and its economic hinterland was surprisingly restricted. Specialisation within trades was limited and secondary occupations were very common, especially farming and victualling. Carlisle was the most important town of a poor region, and this poverty was reflected in the town's economy, especially in the lack of specialisation in the town's economy as a whole and in individual economic activity. It benefited little from the economic changes that affected early-modern Cumberland, or from the diminution of Border violence, and the early seventeenth century may have been a period of economic difficulty. It was small in comparison to other towns of similar status and relatively poor, with old-fashioned housing. Carlisle was economically backward, and insofar as its economy was typical of small towns, reveals a weakness of the pre-industrial economy.

Inaug.-diss.--München. / Lebenslauf. Multigraphed. "Verzeichnis der benutzten literatur und karten": p. 101-106.

Inaug.-diss.--Frankfurt a.M. / Lebenslauf. "Literatur-verzeichnis": p. 175-182.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-122). Also available on the World Wide Web.

No description available.

Policy makers, regional planners and the like have long tried in vain to come up with both economically profound and comprehensive regional policies. These policies are extremely important to achieve de- velopment goals in the European Union, which is why regulations for economic convergence and in- creasing competitiveness of regions are critical. Nowadays, technological progress poses new tasks for policy makers, as economic production shifted from industrial towards knowledge intensive processes. Therefore, it is widely accepted that knowledge is the new trigger of regional economic performance. Yet, established knowledge assets, such as creativity, human capital and entrepreneurship are scarcely studied jointly in research practice. This leaves the scientific community with a fragmented understand- ing of this topic, and can cause considerable confusion among policy makers. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, on the conceptual front, it investigates the role of knowledge assets for regional performance. The major question in this regard is whether the more recent creative class approach outperforms conventional human capital measures. Secondly, the paper aims to clarify both the significance of selecting regional performance indicators and the role of regional hierarchy. Work undertaken in this regard uses various indicators interchange- ably and often fails get to the bottom of what the choice of the indicator means for their approach. By the same token, there are persistent uncertainties about the choice and the relevance of regional units for spatial econometric analysis. Therefore, the analysis tries to study the consequences of choosing specific indicators and regional units. Using a general spatial model, the paper estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function of the economic performance of 290 Swedish municipalities between 2009 and 2014. With this mathematical approach, spatial autocorrelation and spatial error disturbances are eliminated, allowing for more comprehensive and spatially robust results. By doing so, multiple variables representing human capital, creativity, entre- preneurship and innovative activities are examined and compared across four models varying on re- gional scale and output indicators. This approach also controls for a set of industrial and socio-economic features of the regional environment. The study found significant differences for varying regional levels and performance indicators. Moreover, creativity, narrowly defined, seems to be most strongly linked to regional performance outperforming other variables, including human capital measures.

A new capitalistic era known as the knowledge economy has emerged since the middle of the 20thcentury, identified by ‘knowledge-based work’ and ‘immaterial labor’ generating innovation inleading-edge sectors, and recognized as a driver for economic change and future growth. As aspatial consequence, the importance of regions as economic entities has increased. Where regionsoften are dependent on innovative activities to generate competitive advantage and prospect. Topromote a socially inclusive regional economic development, scholars stress the significance of addressing issues of gender, particularity in male-dominated occupations such as knowledge-intensive industries, where masculine cultures tend to be deeply rooted. However, the regional learning and innovation literature is criticized for being firm-centric, gender-blind and ignoringthe wider existence of the knowledge worker, thus reproducing patterns of gender constraintssuch as barriers of equal advancements, discriminatory practices and social exclusion. This thesisaims to address these ignored issues by conducting a social network analysis on formal andinformal network within firms in the knowledge economy, and examine how individual characteristic might affect a workers position within these networks. A case study of Umeå ICT-industry was carried out where intra-firm social networks were analyzed of 16 firms and 204 workers. The result from the analysis indicates that female knowledge worker tends to be sociallyexcluded within the informal network of these firms, while at the same time more dependent ona well-connected social position to be able to advance to a more influential position within firm’sformal networks. These findings support earlier claims that there is a need to incorporate a genderperspective into future research agendas as well as regional economic policymaking.