Sveriges utrikeshandel innebär att sammanlagt mer än 100 miljoner ton varor årligen transporteras över gränserna. Detta varuflöde beskrivs och analyseras i denna avhandling i avseende på omfattning, sammansättning, avsändnings- och mottagningsorter, transportsätt och transportvägar. Officiell handels- och transportstatistik har i stor utsträckning använts som källmaterial. För analyser som fordrar uppgifter om enskilda sändningar har grunden utgjorts av uppgifter från tio speditionsföretag om 5 800 sändningar. Tre problem har ägnats särskild uppmärksamhet: fördelningen på transportsätt, utvecklingen av utrikestransporterna under 10-20 år fram till det tidiga 1970-talet samt avsändnings- och mottagningsorternas geografiska fördelning. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1973</p>

The focus of the study is the city of Bangalore, in India, which has over the years become a centre for high technology industries, and in the mid-i 990s was home to the largest number of Information Technology (IT) firms in India. This has earned it the title of the 'Silicon Valley of India'. The city's comparative advantage in the IT industry in India emanates from various factors, of which favourable government policy, high quality work force, and the availability of research laboratories are some of its crucial determinants. This research aims to understand the reasons for Bangalore's success in attracting both foreign and domestic IT industries (especially between the mid-i 980s, when the Indian economy showed the initial signs of opening up, and the mid-I 990s), and investigates the extent to which the city can continue to be the most preferred location for IT industry in the country. Three research hypotheses have been tested in this research study. The first is directed towards the global IT industry, and contends that the global IT industry's interest in India goes beyond mere price considerations alone. The second proposes that the success of Bangalore in attracting the IT industries is due to a synergy of factors, which include favourable government policies, availability of skilled professionals, and local presence of research institutes and laboratories. The third hypothesis is guided towards the industry-institution linkage, and argues that there exists a strong link between the IT industry and the research laboratories in Bangalore, which has helped underpin growth in the local IT industry. The empirical analysis was conducted at tm, levels. One at the national level of policy making, and another at the city level. The research is based on both secondary sources of data and primary data collection. The study relied on two types of field surveys, a firm-level survey and a policy makers survey. An understanding of the competitiveness of Bangalore is carried out using a set of indicators which include inter ella level of telecommunications infrastructure, government policies, availability of industrial/office space, skilled labour and specialised services. The study finds that initially the main reason for the industrial growth in Bangalore was to be found in the strong industrial tradition of the region, dating back to the earlier part of the twentieth century and later, by government owned electronics and telecommunication industries that were founded in the city immediately after the country's independence (in 1947). Electronics industries continued to base themselves during the 1 960s and through the I 980s in the city. However, when the Indian economic policy was hberalised from the mid-1980s and more perceptibly after 1991, it was the lnfomiation Technology industries that began to establish themselves in Bangalore primarily to tap the available professional skills, and to make use of the city's existing base as a prominent centre for high technology industries. The research also found that there are strong links between the research institutes and laboratories and the private IT companies in Bangalore especially in R&D related activities. While many of the interviewed companies felt that Bangalore would continue to be the preferred location for the IT industry in the country, they do not rule out the possibility that an impending infrastructure crisis in the city will undermine its competitiveness.

Local diversity is often credited with being a driver of creative economic activity. Comparative research on this topic is often however highly structural in nature and does little to address questions of agency. This work seeks to link the traditional regional science approach to questions of potential advantages of local diversity with a more bottom-up view of the creative process. From a theoretical perspective this involves incorporating the social psychology literature on the creative process as well as concepts from social network analysis with more aggregated spatial notions of creativity and diversity. More specifically, it addresses how different knowledge is connected through social interaction and how this fuels the creation of new ideas and ultimately creative economic activity. A number of empirical innovations are made in order to test these theoretical constructs beginning with an agent-model/simulation which illuminates how social networks form and evolve over space and time. These artificial networks suggest how agents embedded in diverse local contexts have a creative advantage by possessing greater access to a variety of knowledge. Subsequent statistical analysis of large secondary datasets seeks to provide external validity to the agent-model. The first demonstrates a strong relationship between local diversity and the concentration of creative economic activities across 140 Canadian city-regions. A key implication of this finding is that local diversity is more closely associated with certain types of economic activity, rather than overall economic performance. The second statistical analysis uses the Canadian General Social Survey to compare the social network characteristics of individuals. This analysis shows that people engaged in creative industries and occupations tend to have larger, more dynamic, and more diverse sets of social relations than any other category of worker. The dissertation concludes with a model that suggests policy interventions should focus on developing local environments that provide the necessary conditions in which creative activity can thrive, rather than attempting to intervene directly in the creative process itself.

In this thesis the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 has been critically assessed in order to establish how well sustainability aspects have been considered. For this purpose, policy documents of sustainable development at international, national, regional, and local levels have been studied in order to compare their objectives with the objectives set out in the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011. It was found that the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 contains serious, highly positive intentions regarding sustainable development. The Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 has shown that it understands the importance of sustainability and it is in agreement with the policy objectives set out by the policy documents at international, national, regional, and local level. However, it was concluded that the Dublin City Development Plan 2005-2011 is not delving into the subject deep enough. Specificplans, strategies and targets for how to reach sustainable development are for the most part missing. In conclusion, the thesis has provided recommendations for the next version of the Dublin City Development Plan.

Thesis--University of Minnesota. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 424-428.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 103 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf. "Literatur": p. [98]-100.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-161).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2010. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jul. 5, 2010). Directed by Keith Debbage; submitted to the Dept. of Geography. Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-194).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_mcp_dr_rcla.pdf: 1392530 bytes, checksum: 60474754b5b72127b34bd520736969ad (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A discussão em torno da aglomeração de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) e das vantagens que tal conformação pode produzir emerge a partir da proposta de Alfred Marshall, em fins do século XIX e início do XX, com os distritos industriais. Todavia, é o grande sucesso econômico alcançado na região da Terceira Itália que estimula pesquisas e ações práticas (políticas públicas) no sentido da reflexão sobre o papel das PMEs e das possibilidades de criação de estratégias de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs). Nos últimos anos, a despeito de alguns sinais de inflexão do Governo Lula, principalmente no segundo mandato, e de atitudes pontuais de alguns estados, o debate sobre a questão do desenvolvimento territorial, no Brasil, ainda permanece em segundo plano. No paradigma dominante, apesar das fortes tentativas de discussão do desenvolvimento sob a perspectiva territorial, a questão das escalas permanece na dicotomia local-global. Deste modo, as escalas intermediárias, sejam os estados, as regiões e os territórios, estão dispostos ao debate. Prova disso é a tímida discussão acerca dos impactos regionais causados pelo apoio ao desenvolvimento de atividades produtivas aglomeradas de pequenas e médias empresas sem base numa política nacional ou territorial de desenvolvimento. Nesse contexto, os APLs emergem como possibilidades positivas de desenvolvimento e ordenamento territorial, na medida em que são vistos como resultados de dinâmicas endógenas de comunidades capazes de, por meio de sua capacidade de governança, tornar o seu território pertinente, estimulando a criação de projetos de desenvolvimento e integração territorial. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho analisa duas aglomerações produtivas no Paraná, ambas caracterizadas como APLs, quais sejam, o APLs de Malhas, em Imbituva, e o de Cal e Calcário... / The discussion on the agglomeration of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and the advantages they can produce conformation emerges from the proposed Alfred Marshall in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with the industrial districts. However, the great economic success is achieved in the region of the Third Italy that stimulates research and practical actions (policies) in the sense of reflection on the role of SMEs and the possibilities of establishing strategies of local productive arrangements (LPAs). In recent years, despite some signs of inflection of the Lula government, especially in the second term, and specific attitudes of some states, the debate on the issue of territorial development in Brazil remains in the background. In the dominant paradigm, despite strong attempts to discuss the development from a territorial perspective, the question remains of scales in the local-global dichotomy. Thus, the intermediate scales, be they states, regions and territories, are willing to debate. Proof of this is tentative discussion about the regional impacts caused by supporting the development of productive activities agglomerated small and medium enterprises with no basis in national policy or territorial development. In this context, clusters emerge as positive possibilities of development and land use, as they are seen as the result of endogenous dynamics of communities which, through its governance capacity, make the relevant territory, encouraging the creation of projects development and territorial integration. In this sense, this paper examines two productive agglomerations in Parana, both characterized as clusters, which are the clusters of meshes in Imbil, and Lime and Limestone in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. The construction of the profile provides insight into how these... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)