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There is convergence at the international level that conserving biodiversity can contribute to poverty alleviation, but empirical evidence for this relationship is scarce. In this thesis I assess the relationship between poverty and biodiversity, within the context of land use change, using a case-study from the Solomon Islands. This interdisciplinary study is based on both social and ecological data, primarily collected through focus groups, household surveys and avian line transect surveys. Poor households in Kahua were characterised by fewer members of a working age and fewer male members. They were also found to own fewer assets, which were correlated to lower land tenure. Natural resources, including wild foods, were a crucial resource for the consumption and income for poor households, with evidence of wild foods buffering shortfalls in household consumption. The livelihoods of poor households were dependent on natural resources, whereas wealthier households relied on cash crops. The lower involvement of poor households in cash cropping suggests that the poor have less access to such income sources, possibly through a lack of initial land holding assets. Cash crop areas of monoculture cocoa were the most intensive land use in Kahua and were found to be a poor habitat for many bird species, including most endemics. Overall, the relationship between poverty and biodiversity was found to be complex, context dependent and influenced by various social and institutional factors. Household inequalities in access to land and resources indicate that a social-ecological trap may be occurring for poorer households in Kahua, possibly perpetuated by the livelihoods of wealthier households. More research is required in translating the concept of social-ecological traps into management actions, but this thesis concludes that this could be a useful concept for improving poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation initiatives.

Kwan Wing Kai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-93). / Abstract / Acknowledgment / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- A Review of Recent Studies on the Productivity of Chines Economy --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Aims of Study --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- The Sources of Productivity Growth --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Degree of Government Intervention --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Ownership Structure --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Output Structure --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- Changes in Regional Development Strategy --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Regional Development Strategy before1979 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Regional Development Strategy since1979 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- The Impacts of Different Regional Strategies on Productivity Change --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Theoretical Framework and Estimation Methods --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Methed I: The Conventional Approach --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Method II: Replacing the Variable of the Growth of Capital Stock by Investment-Output Ratio --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Method III: Approximation of the Production Function by Taylor Expansion --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Empirical Results of the Three Different Methods --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1 --- Estimation Results of the Three Different Methods --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of the Estimation Results of the Three Methods --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3 --- An Assessment of Provincial Productivity Growth --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4 --- Regional Productivity Difference since1979 --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.82 / References --- p.85 / Appendix 1. List of the Abbreviations for Provinces --- p.94 / Appendix 2. A Summary of Notations --- p.95 / Appendix 3. Estimates of Provincial Capital Stock (1979-1992) --- p.97 / Chapter A3.1 --- Initial value of Capital Stock --- p.98 / Chapter A3.2 --- Net Increase of Capital Stock --- p.101 / Chapter A3.3 --- Estimating the Annual Series of Capital Stock --- p.102 / Appendix 4. The Process of Fiscal Decentralization and Deterioration of Regional Redistribution --- p.106 / Chapter A4.1 --- The Process of Fiscal Decentralization --- p.106 / Chapter A4.2 --- The deterioration of Regional Redistribution --- p.110 / Appendix 5. Estimation Results of the Three Different Methods --- p.114

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Social class encompasses the preferences, lifestyles, and behaviors of people in various social class groups in conjunction with the structural privileges that accompany certain social locations (Smith, 2010). Class-privileged college students typically come to campus with greater amounts of cultural capital (Bourdieu, 1980) that afford them the luxury of understanding how to navigate the middle-class environment of college (Tett, 2000). Students from poor/working- class backgrounds are, on the other hand, often without the benefit of knowing the behavioral codes and expectations of college, which can lead to negative psychological outcomes in the form of lowered self-esteem, depression, and stress. As a construct, resiliency provides a framework for understanding how some poor/working-class students are able to succeed despite these potential negative outcomes and persist through college. The study aimed to measure the class-related challenges and resiliency factors that correspond to different levels of psychological outcomes using a scale called the Poor/Working-Class Challenge and Resiliency Factor Scale (P/W-CRF). Data was collected using a sample of 253 four-year college students who identified as coming from a poor/working-class background. Participants filled out an online survey consisting of a demographic survey, original challenge and resiliency factor items, psychology outcome measures (self –esteem, depression, and stress), a social desirability scale, and previously validated classism and resiliency scales. Through factor analysis, two scales were generated. The first scale represented the challenges faced on campus, which was a 20-item, four factor scale with a good fit. The second, resilience scale, was a 24-item, eight factor scale with a poor fit. The overall challenge scale was found to show convergent validity with the depression, stress, and classism scales, and divergent validity with the self esteem and social desirability scales. The resilience scale demonstrated convergent validity with the self esteem and resilience scales and divergent validity with the depression and stress scales. In an effort to explore a stronger model fit for the two models, post hoc analysis offered a possible 18-item, six- factor resilience model, with a slightly improved model fit. The document will explore potential strengths and weaknesses of using these models. Finally, implications and suggestions for future research are provided in the following areas; a) Research; b) Theory; c) Clinical Practice; d) Student Affairs or Services; e) Policy; and f) High School College Counseling.

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This memorandum outlines the role of De Beers and its leading position in the international diamond industry. It is designed to give a brief overview of the “diamond pipeline” that leads from prospecting and mining of diamonds in remote parts of Africa and elsewhere to glamorous jewellers’ shops the world oven It looks particularly at the unique and important role South Africa plays in the diamond pipeline.

Wei, Yifan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-172). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.2 / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.3 / Acknowledgement --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.7 / Research Question / Research Objective / Methodology / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.18 / The State and Economy / Debate on China´ةs Reform / Underdevelopment and Northeast China / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Military --- p.50 / Geo-political Importance / Defense Conversion / New Reform / Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Agriculture --- p.75 / Background of Agricultural Production / Strategic Position in Food Security / The State and Agricultural Predicament / Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Secondary Industry --- p.107 / The State's Industrial Investment / Fiscal and Material Contribution / State-owned Enterprises / Struggling in the Market / Conclusion / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.150 / Research Findings / Implications on China´ةs Reform / Appendix --- p.162 / Bibliography --- p.163