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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA A PARTIR DO BIOGÁS GERADO EM ESTAÇÃO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTE INDUSTRIAL DE CERVEJARIAS / ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION FROM BIOGAS GENERATED IN SEASON TREATMENT WASTEWATER INDUSTRIAL BREWERIES

Silva, Adriana Ribeiro da 03 November 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T17:23:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_ADRIANA RIBEIRO DA SILVA.pdf: 1163830 bytes, checksum: c403597f947d78945683fa34afa48d7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-03 / Several industrial wastewater treatment plants using biogas from anaerobic processes in plants as a source of fuel for generators of electricity. This biogas comprises mainly methane which results from the digestion of organic matter in bioreactors. Biogas as alternative energy source, can be a viable solution for two major global problems that comes with population growth: increasing energy consumption and increased production of solid, liquid and gaseous. The viability of such use depends directly on the capacity of each project. This work is an approach to the study of economic viability of biogas use generated in a brewery for conversion into electricity. All data collected were collected during the period from June 2013 to July 2014, in the company's information system. The biogas generated in ETEI a brewery for conversion to electricity was studied. As the deployment of value biogas reuse project, the cost reduction opportunity for brewing and demonstrated the economic viability of biogas reuse as electric power through more traditional financial indicators as payback (bp), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), efficiency ratio and hurdle rate. Because the growth of drinking and consequently organic load in effluent generation, as we have great potential in this business the generation of biogas that can be converted into electrical energy using already dominated the market technology. / Várias estações de tratamento de efluentes industriais utilizam biogás, proveniente de processos anaeróbios, em usinas como fonte de combustível para grupos geradores de energia elétrica. Este biogás é composto principalmente de metano que resulta da digestão da matéria orgânica em biorreatores. O biogás como fonte de energia alternativa, pode ser uma saída viável para dois dos maiores problemas mundial que vem acompanhando o crescimento populacional: o consumo cada vez maior de energia e, o aumento da produção de resíduos sólidos, líquidos e gasosos. A viabilidade desse tipo de utilização depende diretamente da capacidade produtiva de cada empreendimento. Este trabalho faz uma abordagem do estudo de viabilidade econômica do uso de biogás gerado em uma cervejaria para conversão em energia elétrica. Todos os dados levantados foram coletados durante o período de junho de 2013 a julho de 2014, no sistema de informações da empresa. Foi estudada a produção de biogás gerado na ETEI de uma cervejaria para conversão em energia elétrica. Assim como o valor de implantação do projeto de reaproveitamento de biogás, a oportunidade de redução de custo na produção de cerveja e demonstrado a viabilidade econômica do reaproveitamento do biogás como energia elétrica através dos indicadores financeiros mais tradicionais como payback (pb), valor presente líquido (VPL), taxa interna de retorno (TIR), índice de eficiência e taxa de atratividade. Devido o crescimento do consumo de bebidas e consequentemente geração de carga orgânica nos efluentes, temos como grande potencial nesse ramo a geração de biogás que pode ser convertida em energia elétrica utilizando tecnologia já dominada no mercado.
2

Socio-Economic Sustainability of Rural Energy Access in India

Udayakumar, Suhasini January 2016 (has links)
Rural energy access has been a persistent issue in India causing the country to become one of the most energy poor nations of the world. Despite the launch of several heavily funded programs for the provision of electricity and modern fuels to rural areas, majority of the country‘s village households remain neglected and deficient in energy. Calls have been made for the reconstruction of policies, programs and institutional frameworks that engage in dispersion of energy to the rural poor. Such policies, programs and institutional frameworks vary across different states within India. These differences need to be understood in depth to formulate suitable mechanisms for energy access. In particular, social and economic aspects of energy access need to be studied to overcome barriers in providing energy to the rural poor. This study discerns how different states are performing in terms of providing sustainable energy access to rural people. It conducts an analysis of the socio-economic sustainability of energy access to the rural household in six states of the country (Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan and West Bengal) over the course of two time periods(1996-2002, 2005-2011), with the aid of key performance indicators. Results indicate that all the states have improved their energy access conditions over the past few decades. However, the rates of growth are vastly different and some states still continue to remain highly inadequate in their performances. Punjab has consistently been the most successful state while West Bengal continues to be the most energy-poor state despite a reasonable growth in energy sustainability. The possible reasoning behind these disparities could be dissimilarity in economic development between the states, size and population density of the states, isolation of villages and ineffectiveness and inequity of subsidy schemes. These needs further exploration at individual state level. Transition to less-expensive and easily installable renewable technologies, communicating benefits of modern energy to rural population and channeling subsidies towards lower income groups can improve reach of modern energy towards the rural poor of India.
3

Potencialidade energética e o perfil socioeconômico do estado de Alagoas. / Potentiality energy and the profile socioeconomic of the state of Alagoas.

Omena Neto, Alcides José de 29 October 2007 (has links)
In the function of the current society, the energy is an variable of total importance. It does not have much that to think about growth and development, without this matrix is inserted. That the taken routes only need to be reviewed, and certain incorporated concepts already to the effective system, and, that, until then, seen as untouchable, they urgently need a to formulate how much its technician-scientific action. This process of appropriation of materials of the nature for the production of goods and services in order to take care of the necessities of the society, some concepts of civilities seem to have been forgotten, and the search for the full comfort leads to the man to interact of incoherent form, in view of the exhaustion of the reserves of natural resources, establishing, thus, the degradation in such a way of the ecological environment as the social environment. This way operands, is that it is studied as form to quantify and to characterize the actions human beings in main its input the energy, comparing the direct relation enters of energy and the economic and social development; to analyze the energy in the World, Brazil and the State of Alagoas, to see the producing relation versus energy consumer, the energy matrices, to also compare the economic development with the production of energy and with regard to its consumption. To take to the field of the academic quarrel the questioning of the production and the consumption of electric energy, alternatives you renewed and of low ecological impact. To quantify how much it is produced, how much it is consumed. To characterize who produces and who consumes, and, the one that level. Measurer, and form economically and accounting, the ambient and social impacts of the production and the consumption, here it is the question. / Na função da sociedade atual, a energia é uma variável de total importância. Não há muito que pensar em crescimento e desenvolvimento, sem que esta matriz esteja inserida. Só que os rumos tomados precisam ser revistos, e certos conceitos já incorporados ao sistema vigente, e, que, até então, vistos como intocáveis, necessitam urgentemente de uma reformulação quanto a sua ação técnico-científica. É durante o presente processo de apropriação de materiais da natureza para a produção de bens e serviços a fim de atender as necessidades da sociedade, que alguns conceitos de civilidades parecem ter sidos esquecidos, e a busca pelo conforto pleno leva ao homem interagir de forma incoerente na natureza, tendo em vista a exaustão das reservas de recursos naturais, estabelecendo, assim, o atual quadro de degradação tanto do meio ambiente ecológico como o meio ambiente social. Busca-se em forma de estudo uma formatação mais próxima da realidade do mundo atual, como forma de quantificar e qualificar as ações humanas no seu insumo principal a energia, comparando a relação direta entre a energia e o desenvolvimento econômico e social; analisar a energia no Mundo, no Brasil e no Estado de Alagoas, ver a relação produtor versus consumidor de energia, as matrizes energéticas, comparar o desenvolvimento econômico com a produção de energia e também com relação ao seu consumo. Levar ao campo da discussão acadêmica o questionamento da produção e do consumo de energia elétrica, alternativas renováveis e de baixo impacto ecológico. Quantificar o quanto se produz, o quanto se consome. Qualificar quem produz e quem consome. Medir de forma econômica e contabil, os impactos ambientais e sociais da produção e do consumo, eis a questão.

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