This thesis discusses the economic effects of migration in the countries of European Union. This topic is very wide with a lot of related fields. The thesis explains the basic conception, typology, development, impacts and current trends in immigration flows to EU area. The focus of the second part is illegal migration and the border protection of EU. The main part is concerned with the impact of migration flows on economic growth and labour market as well as the social and demographic factors, which deal with population aging. This impact is considered within four regions of EU. The last part of the paper is occupied by EU migration policy. Within these chapters is considered also Czech Republic in relation to migration flows and the following confrontation with the others states of European Union.

This paper describes trends in Australian immigration policy and analyses impacts of immigrants and immigration on the Australian economy. The first part defines the term of international migration and its categories. The second section is devoted to the description and explanation of particular migration theories, which are used during the study of international migration. Assumptions, causes and effects of migration are investigated in detail. Impacts of migration on the economy are further explored in the third part of the thesis. The influence of immigrants on the labor market, wages and unemployment, economic growth and international trade are continued to be examined. Fiscal effects of immigration and a problem of population aging are also described. The next part talks about Australian immigration policy, its evolution and current situation. It analyses different waves of immigration to Australia from 1788 to present. The beginnings of the White Australia Policy are portrayed as well as the change to multiculturalism. The last chapter analyses the composition of Australian immigration population and covers the impacts of the Australian immigration policy on the Australian economy, growth and international trade.

This thesis focuses on the analysis of the economic impact of Brazil and China in the context of BRICS countries on the world economy. The first chapter sets out the specifics of the BRICS group, with emphasis on Brazil and China. The second chapter analyzes the current economic situation of the two selected states through economic, social, political and technological indicators. In the final chapter, on the basis of the previous analysis identifies the main factors of economic power of Brazil and China, their possible future developments and risks associated with the dynamic development of these countries.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第23291号 / エネ博第416号 / 新制||エネ||79(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 手塚 哲央, 教授 黒崎 健, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

<div>Every year power outages cost billions of dollars and affect millions of people. Historical data shows that between 2000 and 2016, 75% of power outages (in terms of duration) were caused due to severe weather events. Due to climate change these severe weather events are becoming more frequent. The National Association of Regulatory Commissioners have recently emphasized on the importance of building electricity sector's resilience thus ensuring long term reliability and economic benefits for the stakeholders. These severe weather events are called High Impact Low Frequency (HILF) events, which means that these events may not occur every year, but when they happen, the impact is likely to be severe. So, it is imperative that the risk of power outages due to severe weather events and their economic impact is persistent. To mitigate the risk, utilities need to invest heavily so that the impacts due to these HILF events can be minimized. Under this situation, utilities face three key questions (1) where to invest (2) how much to invest and (3) how to justify the investment. Therefore, there is a need to develop a framework for investment related decision-making, which can identify the optimal strategies for minimizing the economic impacts of severe weather induced power outages under different budget conditions. It is equally important to understand the cascading impacts of the sustained power outages during natural disasters before investment can be planned for building resilience in electricity sector. The existing frameworks to access the costs of severe weather induced power outages grossly undermines the overall economic impacts. This research has (1) assessed the economic loss due to severe weather induced power outages in terms of loss of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and (2) developed a framework for identifying the optimal risk reduction strategies to minimize the economic impact. For assessing the economic impact, this research has adopted Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM) using 20 years of historical data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The proposed framework has the flexibility to accommodate the risk appetite of the decision maker. The framework can be used by the Investor Owned Utilities (IOUs) for the rate approvals from the State Utility Regulatory Commissions by justifying the importance of their resilience building projects to the State's economy. <br></div>

Background: Mergers and acquisitions (M&amp;A) are two types of corporate takeover strategy, that is widely used for strengthening and maintaining a firm competitive advantage in both domestic and global markets. Where the common motives behind M&amp;A, is to achieve business expansion through synergy, or to acquire an existing external technology/product outside of a firm's own operational territory. As the world has entered an era of information and globalization, where innovation seems to prosper and different industry markets have become ever more integrated on a global scale, not least in the software industry. Hence, more firms have resorted to M&amp;A in order to survive in a modern competitive market. For example, to capture more market shares, boost productivity, cut development costs, improve investment returns, etc. Nevertheless, the integration process of M&amp;A carries lots of risks, where there is lots of different factors that needs to be considered and discussed before adopting M&amp;A strategies. Such as, what industry are the involving firm operating in, which country are the involving firm located in, and what economic impacts can be triggered by M&amp;A announcements. However, there are currently lack of literatures investigating the economic impacts of M&amp;A announcements across different industries. That is, depending on if the firms are operating within or outside of the same industry, the economic impacts of the M&amp;A announcement might differ. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to analyze the market reactions generated from M&amp;A announcements, and determine if the economic impacts will be greater if a software target firm is merged/acquired by a software or non-software acquiring firm. Methods: A quantitative statistical event study has been used as the main methodology in this thesis. Which is a standard method to analyze market reaction, that is in this case represented by financial stock market data. Following the event study, a multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to explain the event study, by examine the economic impact on the abnormal return derived from M&amp;A announcements. Results: The result from the event study disclosed that target firms tends to experience more positive abnormal returns, while acquiring firms will experience negative abnormal returns during M&amp;A announcements. The results of the multiple regression analysis, revealed various significant variables that has high explanatory power to the abnormal return. Conclusions: Based on the empirical results, the greatest economic impact could be identified during an M&amp;A announcement that involves a cooperative partnerships deals between software target firms and non-software acquiring firms. Furthermore, acquiring firms tends to offer a higher premium to target firms during M&amp;A transactions. This in turn indicates that acquiring firms will statistically receive less abnormal returns compared to target firms. Delimitations: Due to the wide-ranging scope of an event study that has many diverse adoptions areas to explore, the author decided to make some demarcations in this thesis. In particular, this thesis will be focusing on analyzing stock price movements prior and during M&amp;A announcements. In addition, certain factors/variables that can potentially generate a significant economic impact during M&amp;A announcements will be investigated. Hence, other aspects that are related or may affect M&amp;A transactions itself, will scarcely be discussed or even excluded from this study.

The high number of uninsured or underinsured Americans and the spiraling cost of healthcare in the United States has spurred growth in patients traveling abroad for affordable healthcare, which has become known as medical tourism. It is projected to become a $21 billion a year industry by 2011. Overseas prices for most procedures, including airfare, are often half the cost of those performed in the United States; some procedures are 80% less. International facilities in India, Thailand, and elsewhere are obtaining Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation and aggressively marketing to Western customers and insurance agencies and advertising high quality standards and personalized service. The acceptance of medial tourism is growing, with a recent poll showing more than 40% of US healthcare consumers willing to travel abroad for care. Insurance companies have begun to integrate foreign care into their coverage, offering discounts to patients agreeing to overseas travel. Physician groups have been slow to respond, even though estimates are that medical tourism may represent $162 billion in lost spending in America by 2012. Some experts think the continued US healthcare cost crisis will drive an increase in medical tourism and international competition, significantly impacting domestic physicians and hospitals.

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Events and attractions can bring visitors and have economic impact and significance in the local areas. The measure and estimate of the economic impact and significance becomes a big concern for the organizers, governments and local residents. This study assessed the economic significance and impact of the Volleyball Hall of Fame and its related events in October 2009, and furthermore it examined its charitable impressions. The study first examined the demographic background of the visitors, and then followed the basic economic impact and significance assessment process proposed by Crompton and Stynes. The locals, casuals and time-switchers were identified, and then the study assessed the economic contributions in two dimensions: (1) the economic significance assessment including all the visitors, and (2) the typical economic impact assessment excluding the locals, casuals and time-switchers, and applied a conservative multiplier. Group sizes and the lengths of the stay were also examined to determine how they may also relate to the economic significance and impact assessment. Additionally the study assessed the charitable impressions by the visitors through a set of Likert scaled statements. The study found that, although the Volleyball Hall of Fame is a small-scale attraction, it did generate an economic contribution to the local community. Furthermore visitors had strong awareness of, and supported the Volleyball Hall of Fame’s participation in the non-profit charitable events, and the charitable impressions were identified as possible means to promote visitors' willingness to donate to the Volleyball Hall of Fame.