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The minimum wage is a tool of public policy which despite being in favor of politics tends to be in displeasure of economists. Recent consensus study shows (Alston, 1992; Fuller, 2003) that consensus on minimum wage among economists has a tendency for weakening. The goal of my thesis was to map the consensus of economists on minimum wage in the course of the 20th century and to help to answer the question how the view of economists has changed on this topic and which events were of greatest influence. As a way of measuring the consensus I chose the studying of academic articles because it is the direct output of academic community. My study shows that from the 1930s we can see a constant strengthening of ideas that a minimum wage has a negative effect on economy.

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Orientador: Sebastião Neto Ribeiro Guedes / Banca: Luciana Togeiro de Almeida / Banca: Zildo Gallo / Resumo: Diante do contexto de maior competitividade dos produtos derivados de leite, uma das mais reconhecidas e tradicionais regiões produtoras de queijo em Minas Gerais depara-se com a necessidade crescente de aumentar a qualidade e o reconhecimento de seus produtos, como via alternativa à competição por preços. Assim, por meio de uma associação de produtores, procurou-se constituir uma Indicação Geográfica (IG) cuja marca é denominada Região do Queijo da Canastra, seguida por uma certificação de origem do queijo. Esta dissertação analisa a experiência de arranjo produtivo territorial organizado pelos produtores de queijo do Sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais, que, por meio da organização dos produtores da região, constituíram a APROCAN (Associação de Produtores de Queijo Canastra), que obteve, em 2012, o reconhecimento da IG de seu queijo. O objetivo dessa dissertação é estudar a importância da denominação de origem conquistada pelos produtores de queijo do Sudoeste mineiro e sua importância sobre o desenvolvimento regional. Para isso, lançamos mão do enfoque territorial para sua análise, buscando diálogos teóricos entre diferentes aportes teóricos, particularmente, a Nova Sociologia Econômica (NSE) / Abstract: Given the context of greater competitiveness of milk products, one of the most recognized and traditional cheese-producing regions in Minas Gerais is faced with the growing need to increase the quality and recognition of its products, as an alternative to competition for prices . Thus, through an association of producers, we sought to establish a Geographical Indication (GI) whose brand is called the Cheese Region of Canastra, followed by a certification of origin of the cheese. This dissertation analyzes the experience of a territorial productive arrangement organized by the cheese producers of the Southwest of the state of Minas Gerais, who, through the organization of the region's producers, constituted APROCAN (Association of Canastra Cheese Producers), which in 2012, the recognition of the GI of its cheese. The objectives here are to analyze the increasingly expressive insertion of Canastra cheese in the regional and national markets; to study the importance of the denomination of origin conquered by the producers of cheese of the Southwest of Minas Gerais and its importance on the regional development. To this end, we have used the territorial approach for its analysis, seeking theoretical dialogues among different theoretical contributions, particularly the New Economic Sociology (NSE) / Mestre

This thesis is concerned with Frantisek Ladislav Chleborad, Czech economic thinker who did not recieve as much attention as he deserved. Chief aim of this thesis is to describe the situation in which beginning Czech economic thinking took place. Chleborad, as one of its first actors, has his thoughts in this thesis described in detail. This has never been done before because Chleborad and especially his engagement in creating of cooperatives in 19th century, that failed, resulted in creating many enemies. Czech economists that came after Chleborad knew him but they would deny it. Information that are available about Chleborad and his teachings are limited. I tried to fill that gap.

Este estudo propõe enraizar histórica e socialmente o espaço dos economistas no Brasil, abordando os laços entre os agentes em concorrência para estabelecer as fronteiras e os princípios de legitimidade de seu conhecimento e sua atuação. A tese consagra-se ao exame do trânsito de especialistas em economia entre a academia, o Estado e o setor privado e entre o espaço nacional e o internacional, enfatizando a convergência de dois recursos no acesso às posições de poder e prestígio: os vínculos com pessoas e instituições e as credenciais especializadas. A tese percorre o período que vai do final dos anos 1930 ao início dos 2000, mostrando de que maneira o espaço dos economistas foi se adensando e que configurações e fracionamentos prevalecem em cada ponto do tempo. Para tanto, extraiu-se de entrevistas e fontes secundárias os dados relativos às origens sociais e trajetórias dos agentes, enfatizando a confecção dos laços que os unem ao longo do tempo. Dados sobre os vínculos sociais foram utilizados para desenhar as redes, apresentadas ao final de cada capítulo. Marcadores de propriedades sociais foram acrescentados às redes para caracterizar cada ponto do espaço, revelando que os laços tendem a formar-se entre pessoas que têm afinidades sociais decorrentes da proximidade estrutural. O oximoro “meritocracia de laços” caracteriza uma história na qual, malgrado a valorização progressiva da qualificação especializada para o exercício de funções de prestígio na área econômica, conserva-se a importância do capital social como rota de acesso ao poder. / This study proposes to historically and socially embed the space of the economists in Brazil, addressing the tis between competing agents in order to establish boundaries and legitimacy principles of their knowledge and practice. The dissertation is dedicated to the study of economy experts who are in transit between the academy, the State, the private sector as well as between national and international spaces, emphasizing the convergence of two resources in accessing prestige and power positions: relationships with people and institutions and specialized credentials. Covering the period from the end of the 1930s to the beginning of 2000, the dissertation shows how the economists’ space has become denser and which configurations and fragmentations prevailed at each point in time. Therefore, in order to emphasize the creation of ties over time, the analysis draws upon the interviews and secondary sources uses to draw a network, which are presented at the end of each point of the system, revealing that bonds tend to be created between individuals who are socially similar, caused by structural proximity. The oxymoron “meritocracy of ties” features a study in which, despite the progressive appreciation of specialized qualification for the exercise of prestigious roles in economy, the importance of social capital as a route to access power is preserved as fundamental. / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2017 / Bibliografia: p. 793-855 / Inclui lista de gráficos, tabelas e imagens p. 13 / Inclui lista de siglas p. 13-18 / Esta pesquisa foi financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) e pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoas de Nível Superior (CAPES), Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE-CAPES). / A autora autoriza a reprodução e divulgação total e parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. / Resumos em português e inglês.

<p>This paper concerns the ideas on society, policies and economic thoughts on Ireland before the cataclysmal famine of the 1840s. Senior, classified as one of the classical economists, elaborated these in the period 1829 – 1836, thus during the period of Parliamentary reform. As a trusted counsellor of the Whig governments, Senior advocated measures opposite to the common notions of laissez-faire. His basic ideas are contrasted to those of Malthus concerning economics and, in particular, the population doctrine that Senior never believed in and in its crudest form refuted. Senior regarded Malthus’ doctrine as devastating to governmental policies. Senior wanted an efficient and strong government. Moreover, Senior evolved ideas, in fact a strategy, for raising Ireland out of her common destitution instead of institutionalizing poor laws. This strategy embraced Catholic emancipation, education, public investments in infrastructure and emigration. His ideas, and proposals akin to Senior’s, are related to the political discourse of the day, which took a more common view of laissez-faire during the period considered. Nevertheless, there is consistency in his ideas on government, public investments and laissez-faire. Senior cannot be described as anything other than an early liberal and a classical economist and, hence, an advocator of economic laissez-faire. This paper underlines the need for a clear distinction between economic laissez-faire as a concept and the concept of political laissez-faire, whereas the former concerns thoughts on economics and the latter is related to the notion of the impassivity of the period of today’s discourse.</p>

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This paper concerns the ideas on society, policies and economic thoughts on Ireland before the cataclysmal famine of the 1840s. Senior, classified as one of the classical economists, elaborated these in the period 1829 – 1836, thus during the period of Parliamentary reform. As a trusted counsellor of the Whig governments, Senior advocated measures opposite to the common notions of laissez-faire. His basic ideas are contrasted to those of Malthus concerning economics and, in particular, the population doctrine that Senior never believed in and in its crudest form refuted. Senior regarded Malthus’ doctrine as devastating to governmental policies. Senior wanted an efficient and strong government. Moreover, Senior evolved ideas, in fact a strategy, for raising Ireland out of her common destitution instead of institutionalizing poor laws. This strategy embraced Catholic emancipation, education, public investments in infrastructure and emigration. His ideas, and proposals akin to Senior’s, are related to the political discourse of the day, which took a more common view of laissez-faire during the period considered. Nevertheless, there is consistency in his ideas on government, public investments and laissez-faire. Senior cannot be described as anything other than an early liberal and a classical economist and, hence, an advocator of economic laissez-faire. This paper underlines the need for a clear distinction between economic laissez-faire as a concept and the concept of political laissez-faire, whereas the former concerns thoughts on economics and the latter is related to the notion of the impassivity of the period of today’s discourse.