This is an investigation into the daily life of a small subsistence village called Rio Blanco located in the coastal province of Manabí, Ecuador. It is focused primarily on the traditional interactions between people and nature, how these interactions sustain life and create a sense of place and identity, and how these interactions are changing under pressure from the modern world. Through participant observation, information on the various aspects of interaction with the natural environment were collected. These include subsistence horticulture in the mountains of the cloud forest, movement through the landscape, and impacts on the immediate environment. The people of Rio Blanco depend heavily on their environment for the cultivation of food, procurement of non-timber forest resources, and above all as a place to call home. The repeated, quotidian interactions with nature and the environment cultivate a sense of place and in turn a sense of identity is daily born and perpetuated. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Ecuador y Chile se caracterizan por tener una buena relación desde la firma del Tratado de Amistad en 1882, cuando Ecuador todavía formaba parte de la Gran Colombia. Desde ahí, la participación de ambos países en términos comerciales ha aumentado, y viendo esto, se decidió firmar un acuerdo denominado Acuerdo de Complementación Económica ACE 32 en el año 1994 y posteriormente modificado mediante negociaciones entre los representantes de estos dos países en el año 2008. A partir de esta modificación, se permitió crear una zona de libre comercio mediante la desgravación arancelaria de ciertos productos, casi en su totalidad. Es por esto que los medicamentos chilenos en el Ecuador han podido ingresar de manera más fácil y de manera más rápida. Sin embargo, al ser unos productos de consumo humano con un alto índice de delicadeza, estos tienen requisitos que cumplir para que puedan ingresar al país con el fin de salvaguardar la salud de los consumidores. Estos certificados y requisitos son requeridos desde el comienzo de su elaboración hasta el ingreso de los mismos al Ecuador con la normativa regulada por instituciones públicas y de control aduanero. Para comenzar con este estudio de caso, se analizarán en primer lugar el comercio exterior de Chile y de Ecuador, como también la actividad comercial existente entre ambos países, destacando el sector de medicamentos y su participación en la economía de cada uno de ellos. Seguido a esto, se realizará una breve reseña histórica del acuerdo de complementación Económica ACE 65, y las normativas regulatorias de Chile para la producción de medicamentos en Chile al igual que las distintas reglamentaciones para la importación como la comercialización de medicamentos Ecuador. Para concluir con este estudio de caso, se hará una breve estrategia de comercialización de medicamentos chilenos en Ecuador a partir desde su llegada al país, involucrando a los actores principales como también actividades y sugerencias para realizar un adecuado proceso de comercialización.

The model developed in the experimental environment inside the ESPOCH presented satisfactory results. Because of this, it is necessary that the model of production be validated in the farming communities with the purpose of making adjustments before recommending its massive production. In other words, a comparative study should be done on what happened in the experimental farm and what would happen in the community. This is reason why this investigation is titled Validation of the Small-Scale Agricultural Production Model in the Community of Tunshi-San Nicolás. The objectives of the investigation were as follows: Validate the small-scale agricultural production model of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo with the purpose of making adjustments for real field conditions; train the farmers how to work the agricultural system, relying on the experience of the Production Model of the ESPOCH; value the farming and livestock practices that the farmer applies in the field, according to the model of the ESPOCH; evaluate the model of the ESPOCH in real conditions of a farmer family in the community of Tunshi-San Nicolás. From the study we can mention the following conclusions and recommendations: The farmer applied most of the farming practices from the experience of the small-scale production model in the ESPOCH. This implies that the hypothesis made in the investigation was fulfilled. The Production Model in the Tunshi-San Nicolás meets all of the nutritional needs of the farming family. According to Don Carlos' experience, to replicate the Production Model, a total of S/. 7'034.530 is needed without manual labor and S/. 8'514.280 is needed with manual labor. The recommendations of the study are as follows: Make many copies of the Production Model for families that have enough manual labor and land. This would be a good alternative in improving the nutritional and economic level of the farmer family. Another recommendation is to train the farmer families about the administration and commercialization of their crops and animals. In addition, they should be taught how to keep simple records of the farming and livestock activities that they perform, especially of the investments that they make.

The faculty of natural resources, School of Agricultural Engineering of ESPOCH, with an agreement since 1992 with the Benson Institute of Brigham Young University has been working with the development of small scale production before its diffusion it is necessary to know the real social- economic conditions and the technological levels of the most important harvests of the communities, that when this model is involved in the aspects that affect the production. For this reason this investigation was made necessary in which the following objectives were raised: 1. Evaluate the social-economic conditions of the communities of San Lorenzo of Cahuiña, Guiñatus Chico and Cunambay. 2. Determine the technological levels of the harvest of barley, potatoes of the communities in study. The universe constituted the whole of families from the three communities. The sample size was 50% of the total of families taken at random in each community. The investigation was accomplished based on the observations, personal interviews, direct surveys of farmers, analysis of gathered information and secondary information. This information was analyzed based on the following statistical techniques: percentages and frequency histograms, arithmetic mean, ranges, maximum and minimum values.

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis evaluates the potential of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies for plantain to benefit the poor in Ecuador. First, a socioeconomic analysis of plantain producers in the Ecuadorian coast is presented. Second, adoption rates for different size farms are estimated for use of various improved management practices. Projected adoption rates are then used in an economic surplus analysis to estimate potential benefits of IPM technologies. Results indicate that most producer benefits will accrue to medium-scale plantain farmers. However, we find plantain farmers to be in general poor. Adopting farmers increase their demand for labor, benefiting mostly poor rural landless households. Urban consumers and rural poor households also benefit from the induced plantain price reduction resulting from increased production. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The main purpose of the study was to determine if altruism and empathy could be developed in Ecuadorian college students. Gender differences were expected in initial altruism and empathy measures. A predictive relationship between different dimensions of empathy (fantasy, perspective taking, empathic concern, personal distress) and altruism was also expected. The intervention took the form of a mandatory service learning course, which included conferences and a service internship with continuous and shared reflection via computer mediated discussion groups. A mixed methodology design first used an experimental component in which participants were randomly assigned to experimental (with discussion groups) and control (without discussion groups) conditions, and a qualitative component in which semi-structured interviews were done with control and treatment participants approximately a year after the intervention. Quantitative results revealed a positive impact of the intervention in altruism and empathic concern, as well as a positive qualitative impact in treatment participants' critical thinking about their country's reality. Additionally, qualitative data showed a difference in thinking about their service experience between experimental and control group participants. Gender differences in altruism and empathy were not found in contrast with previous studies. The combination of empathy factors as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1983) predicted scores in altruism as measured by the Self-Report Altruism Scale (Rushton, Chrisjohn & Fekken, 1981). It was concluded that the intervention had a modest effect on participants' empathy and a strong positive effect on participants' altruism. Instruments used in this study were differentially appropriate for the sample. The SRA appears to be more valid and reliable than the original and complete IRI. The IRI instrument appeared to have had some components (Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking) that were more related to the constructs under study and other components that were unrelated to this study. Some extraneous variables were not taken into account in data collection and analysis, and may have influenced the results, such as: Cultural knowledge about the importance of research, different service experiences due to different qualities of placements, and dispositional characteristics of participants. / 2999-01-01

The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system for studying the food preparation process was conducted in four households in an environmentally poor urban neighborhood of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The analysis consisted of observing all of the steps in the food preparation process, measuring food temperatures at each step, and collecting food and water samples. Food and water samples were tested for total aerobic microorganisms, molds and yeast, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms. Temperatures reached during the cooking process were high enough to kill vegetative forms of foodborne pathogens; however, heat-resistant spores could have survived. Leftover food was held at room temperature for long periods of time which allowed multiplication of vegetative forms from spores or from contaminated food utensils. Leftover food was eaten either cold or reheated to warm temperatures. Water samples were taken from water delivery trucks and from each family. Water was identified as one of the main hazards in food preparation. None of the water samples met the criteria of the Ecuadorean National Institute of Standards for human consumption. Fecal samples were taken from children in the families, and were analyzed for parasites. Parasites were found in all of the samples. After critical control points were identified, appropriate interventions were taken to improve safety at each step. Based on these HACCP observations, a food and water safety program was designed and taught to five mothers attending a Guayaquil Child Care Center. The program included a lesson on each of four topics: food and water safety, parasites, care during diarrhea with emphasis on oral rehydration therapy and the introduction of solid food, and nutrition. A control mother was identified for each group. Diarrhea occurred in children of both groups but none of the children was hospitalized. With the exception of nutrition concepts, the knowledge about food and water safety concepts, parasites and care during diarrhea were well understood by both groups. This was reflected in positive changes in families' behavior toward using improved food and water sanitation practices as observed during a visit to each family which followed the HACCP study and the educational program. / Graduation date: 1994

Information on alder (Alnus jorullensis silvics and dendrology, propagation, and management were synthesized into four alternatives for fuelwood management in Saraguro, Loja, Ecuador. Stem volume was estimated from diameter and height measurements taken in 16 stands of known age in Ecuador using an empirical equation developed in Costa Rica. An empirical equation describing the relationship between stem volume and tree age for alder in Ecuador was then developed. Measurements of 5 fuelwood units from Saraguro were used to determine the market price for a cubic meter of fuelwood. Four mangement regimes using a 20 year rotation were then examined at four discount rates. Using a 15% real rate of interest, thinning at 10 years yielded a present net value of 891,059 sucres and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.31. The analysis was more sensitive to changes in fuelwood price than to changes in wage rate.