1 |
Värdeskapande användning av radiologi : - Utbildning och mätning för förbättringKällvant, Jonas, Lundh, Theres January 2013 (has links)
Introduktion Medicinsk vetenskap och sjukvårdens möjligheter att hjälpa utvecklas ständigt. Sjukvården idag kan i många fall ställa rätt diagnos och ge en effektiv behandling för att bota den som drabbats av ohälsa. Radiologiska undersökningar är ett viktigt hjälpmedel men innebär också risker i form av strålning samt felaktigt resursanvändande. Syfte Syftet med förbättringsarbetet var att skapa en bättre användning av radiologi och följsamhet till medicinska riktlinjer så att patienten får rätt undersökning utifrån sitt behov samt att resur-ser nyttjas mer optimalt. Målsättningen var att öka andelen berättigade undersökningar. Syftet med studien av förbättringsarbetet var att få en förståelse för vilka faktorer som påverkar remittentens val av radiologisk undersökning och därmed berättigandegraden vilka aktiviteter i förbättringsarbetet påverkar berättigandegraden och på vilket sätt Metod Interventioner i form av utbildning och mätningar användes för att höja berättigandegraden. Bedömning av berättigandegraden gjordes av en ST-läkare. En fallstudie med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes och fokusgruppintervju användes för att stu-dera förbättringsarbetet. Resultat Studien visar att berättigandegraden ökar något som ett resultat av de valda interventionerna. Utbildningen på plats gav också upplevda positiva effekter i form av bättre kunskap och lä-rande för deltagare. Analysen visade att osäkerhet som läkare upplever i sitt arbete med patienten kan härledas till kategorierna kunskap och krav. Diskussion/Slutsats Utbildning genomförd av radiologispecialist har visat sig vara framgångsrikt koncept. Mät-ningar som metod för lärande och förändring uppfattades istället som mätning för uppföljning. Förbättrad kunskap kring vilka faktorer som styr läkares val av undersökning har uppnåtts och områden för fortsatt förbättring har identifierats / Introduction Medical science and medical facilities and clinical possibilities to help patients evolve con-stantly. Healthcare today can often make the diagnosis and provide effective treatment to cure the victim of ill health. Radiological surveys are an important tool but also provide risks in the form of radiation, and improper use of resources. Purpose The purpose of the improvement work was to create a better use of radiology and adherence to medical guidelines so that the patient gets the right for increase based on their needs and resources will be used more optimally. The goal was to increase the proportion of eligible studies. The purpose of the study of the improvement was to gain an understanding of what factors affect physicians choice of radiological investigation and thereby provide entitlement degree which activities in the improvement process affects eligibility degree and in what way Method Interventions in the form of education and measurements used to improve eligibility rate. As-sessment of the eligibility rate was made by a resident physician. A case study with a qualitative approach was implemented and focus-group interviews were used to study the improvement process. Results Results indicates that the eligibility rate increased slightly as a result of the selected interven-tions. Education in place, however, gave perceived benefits in terms of improved knowledge and learning for participants. The analysis showed that the uncertainty that physicians experience in their work with pa-tients can be attributed to the categories of knowledge and requirements. Discussion / Conclusion Education conducted by a radiology specialist has is shown to be a successful concept. Meas-urements as a method of learning and change were perceived as measurement for monitoring. Improved knowledge about the determinants of physician choice of survey has been achieved and areas for further improvement are identified.
|
2 |
BRIDGING GAPS IN MULTI-SCALE MATERIALS MODELING WITH MACHINE AND TRANSFER LEARNINGZachary McClure (12476949) 29 April 2022 (has links)
<p> </p>
<p>In 2011, the Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) was founded as an effort to unite and drive materials design at an unprecedented pace. By linking computational tools with experimental data, and aligning their data structures to match and interact, scientists across the world have been able to change the way they do science at a fundamental level.</p>
<p>The 3 Mission Statements of the Materials Genome Initiative include: 1) Developing a Materials Innovation Infrastructure 2) Achieving National Goals with Advanced Materials 3) Equipping the Next-Generation Materials Workforce. Since the inception of the MGI the Materials Engineering community has developed numerous cyberinfrastructure repositories for experimental, and varied levels of computational data. This practice aligns with a separate initiative for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reproducible (F.A.I.R.) principles for data handling and science. By integrating the cyberinfrastructure efforts with continued collaboration from experimental and computational scientists we push the field to evolve improved workflows for research.</p>
<p>This thesis is a collection of applied solutions for materials design with atomistic modeling, and machine learning (ML). In Part 1, we will discuss bridges for the gaps between atomistic simulation and experiment, and what it means for material solutions. A showcase of combining experimental information with ab initio electronic transport calculations will be discussed, as well as the principles of density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In Part 2, our focus will shift to applications of machine learning and the use of composition and chemical featurizers for materials design. Here we leverage cyberinfrastructure efforts with APIs and ML with transfer and active learning for efficient high-dimensional space exploration. In Part 3 local atomic environments and configurations, associative fingerprinting solutions, and workflows for designing deep learning (DL) interatomic potentials for MD are discussed. Finally, a brief section will conclude with efforts made to align with F.A.I.R. principles for Materials Engineering research, and educational development for Mission Statement 3 of the MGI.</p>
|
3 |
To what extent can behaviour change techniques be identified within an adaptable implementation package for primary care? A prospective directed content analysisGlidewell, L., Willis, T.A., Petty, Duncan R., Lawton, R., McEachan, Rosemary, Ingleson, E., Heudtlass, P., Davies, A., Jamieson, T., Hunter, C., Hartley, S., Gray-Burrows, K., Clamp, S., Carder, P., Alderson, S., Farrin, A.J., Foy, R. 12 November 2019 (has links)
Yes / Background: Interpreting evaluations of complex interventions can be difficult without sufficient description of key
intervention content. We aimed to develop an implementation package for primary care which could be delivered
using typically available resources and could be adapted to target determinants of behaviour for each of four
quality indicators: diabetes control, blood pressure control, anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation and risky prescribing.
We describe the development and prospective verification of behaviour change techniques (BCTs) embedded
within the adaptable implementation packages.
Methods: We used an over-lapping multi-staged process. We identified evidence-based, candidate delivery
mechanisms—mainly audit and feedback, educational outreach and computerised prompts and reminders. We
drew upon interviews with primary care professionals using the Theoretical Domains Framework to explore likely
determinants of adherence to quality indicators. We linked determinants to candidate BCTs. With input from
stakeholder panels, we prioritised likely determinants and intervention content prior to piloting the implementation
packages. Our content analysis assessed the extent to which embedded BCTs could be identified within the
packages and compared them across the delivery mechanisms and four quality indicators.
Results: Each implementation package included at least 27 out of 30 potentially applicable BCTs representing 15 of
16 BCT categories. Whilst 23 BCTs were shared across all four implementation packages (e.g. BCTs relating to
feedback and comparing behaviour), some BCTs were unique to certain delivery mechanisms (e.g. ‘graded tasks’
and ‘problem solving’ for educational outreach). BCTs addressing the determinants ‘environmental context’ and
‘social and professional roles’ (e.g. ‘restructuring the social and ‘physical environment’ and ‘adding objects to the
environment’) were indicator specific. We found it challenging to operationalise BCTs targeting ‘environmental
context’, ‘social influences’ and ‘social and professional roles’ within our chosen delivery mechanisms.
Conclusion: We have demonstrated a transparent process for selecting, operationalising and verifying the BCT
content in implementation packages adapted to target four quality indicators in primary care. There was
considerable overlap in BCTs identified across the four indicators suggesting core BCTs can be embedded and
verified within delivery mechanisms commonly available to primary care. Whilst feedback reports can include a
wide range of BCTs, computerised prompts can deliver BCTs at the time of decision making, and educational
outreach can allow for flexibility and individual tailoring in delivery / UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research scheme (Grant Reference Number RP-PG-1209-10040).
|
4 |
Dramaturging Education and Educating Dramaturgs: Developing and Establishing an Undergraduate Dramaturgy Emphasis for Brigham Young UniversityGraham, Shelley 17 July 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Though the field of dramaturgy is growing in size and scope in professional theatre, there are relatively few universities or colleges that offer undergraduate or graduate degrees in basic dramaturgical theory and practice. Brigham Young University (BYU) is an ideal setting for the development of such a program. There is a close community within and surrounding the university; the Theatre and Media Arts Department has high pedagogical expectations; and the Theatre program provides multiple opportunities for theatrical production. I saw these qualities as an invitation to develop a dramaturgy emphasis for undergraduate students that would allow them to network with the community and build intellectual skills that could be integrated into artistic performance. In order to create this emphasis, courses and protocol needed to be developed in order to establish a model dramaturgical procedure for undergraduate training. In this thesis, I address the following issues:
|
Page generated in 0.2042 seconds