Abstract Biological oxidation of methane is and important constraint on the emission of this gas from areas, such as landfills to the atmosphere. We studied the effect of covering soils on methane emission in landfill assimilation. Microbial evaluation was done on virgin soil and later on soils used as covering material. This soil was later treated differently to see different effects that has on methane emission. Treatments applied were addition of compost in soil, moistured soil with methanotroph culture instead of water. Although methane was produced from the landfill, it was not as documented between 45 and 50%. We got between 6 and 18% production. In all the soils tested the uncultivated soil had the minimal emission as it emitted 0% methane. Sand, however, had some oxidation effect. The problem was that it is porous therefore gas migration is not restricted. This shows that the oxidative bacteria are available naturally is soils, but gets abandoned as the conditions favours their growth. The treatments done to soils had little effect as methane oxidation was not influenced or altered. This can be liked into in details. There have been some good observations in the assimilated landfill. As the landfill was not controlled the pH dropped and this in return produced more hydrogen as compared to methane. With all the altered gas balance produced the leachate changed.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering. Johannesburg, February 2017 / There has been increasing public concern regarding adverse health effects due to power frequency electric and magnetic fields. Safety guidelines/standards for electric and magnetic field exposures have been established by different public organizations. However, the link between low frequency (power frequency) electric and magnetic field exposure and adverse health effects is not yet well established. Limits on human exposure to low frequency electric and magnetic fields are fundamentally specified for in-situ fields in tissues/organs. These dosimetric limits are referred to as Basic Restrictions for protection against potentially adverse effects from electro-stimulation. In addition, secondary limits, the exposure Reference Levels in environmental electric and magnetic fields are also given for practical compliance purposes. These are generally derived from the Basic Restrictions based on uniform-fields with a provision that the Basic Restrictions must be observed for non-uniform cases. In practice, any structure influences the electric fields in High Voltage systems, and thus creates electric field non-uniformity. The human exposure of the general public to electric fields from Eskom’s 765 kV transmission network operating at 50 Hz, is addressed through physical measurements, theoretical predictions and 3-D human model dosimetry, which is presented in this dissertation. / MT 2017

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

by So Koon Chong. / Bibliography: leaves 86-88 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

Lam Wai Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Lipoproteins --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- General structure --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Chylomicrons --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Lipoprotein metabolism --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.1 --- Exogenous pathway --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.6.2 --- LDL receptor pathway --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.6.3 --- Reverse cholesterol transport --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Cholesterol homeostasis --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Role of Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT) in intracellular cholesterol regulation --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Cholesterol biosynthesis --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Bile acid metabolism --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- Coronary heart disease (CHD) --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Risk factors of CHD --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Lipoprotein cholesterol and CHD --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- Animal models for hypercholesterolemic study --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5 --- Physico-chemical properties of water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Water-holding capacity --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Viscosity --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Adsorption or entrapment of organic molecules --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Fermentability --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6 --- Hypocholesterolemic effect of SDF and proposed mechanisms --- p.26 / Chapter 1.7 --- Medicinal properties of edible mushrooms --- p.28 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Background information --- p.28 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Hypocholesterolemic effect of edible mushrooms --- p.29 / Chapter 1.7.3 --- Previous studies on edible jelly mushrooms --- p.31 / Chapter 1.8 --- Objectives / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Materials and Methods --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animal model --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction scheme of mushroom water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides (SNSPs) --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Proximate analyses of samples --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Crude protein --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Fat --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Total dietary fiber --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Soluble and insoluble dietary fiber --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Ash --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Moisture --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Chemical characterization of mushroom SNSPs --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Monosaccharide composition by gas chromatography --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Total carbohydrate content --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Uronic acid content --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Soluble protein content --- p.45 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Rheological study of mushroom SNSPs --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Determination of intrinsic viscosity [ η] of mushroom SNSPs --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Determination of apparent viscosity [ηap] of mushroom SNSPs --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- In vivo study --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Animal diets --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.5.1.1 --- Study for hypocholesterolemic potential of mushroom SNSPs --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.5.1.2 --- Study for dose-dependent effect on hypocholesteolemic potential of Auricularia polytricha (AP) SNSP --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Feeding experiments --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.5.2.1 --- Screening for hypocholesterolemic potential of mushroom SNSPs --- p.51 / Chapter 2.2.5.2.2 --- Dose-dependent effect on hypocholesterolemic potential of AP SNSP --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Blood samples collection --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.5.4 --- Plasma preparation --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.5.5 --- Liver samples collection and preparation --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.5.6 --- Fecal samples collection and preparation --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.5.7 --- Determination of plasma lipid profiles --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.5.7.1 --- Plasma total cholesterol (TC) analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.5.7.2 --- Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.5.7.3 --- Plasma triglycerides (TG) analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.5.8 --- Determination of hepatic cholesterol profile by gas chromatography --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.5.9 --- Determination of hepatic enzymes activity --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.5.9.1 --- Preparation of hepatic microsomes --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.5.9.2 --- Determination of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl- glutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.5.10 --- Determination of fecal lipid profiles by gas chromatography --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.5.10.1 --- Separation of fecal neutral and acidic sterols --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.5.10.2 --- Fecal neutral sterol analysis --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.5.10.3 --- Fecal acidic sterol analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Statistical analysis --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results and Discussion --- p.65 / Chapter 3.1 --- Proximate analysis of edible jelly mushrooms --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2 --- Yield of mushroom SNSP crude extracts --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3 --- Chemical characterization of mushroom SNSPs --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Total carbohydrate content --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Uronic acid content --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Soluble protein content --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Monosaccharide composition --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4 --- Rheological behavior of mushroom SNSPs --- p.71 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Intrinsic viscosity [η] --- p.71 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Apparent viscosity [ηap] --- p.75 / Chapter 3.5 --- In vivo hypocholesterolemic potential of mushroom SNSPs --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Effect on body weight and diet intake --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Effect on plasma TC concentration --- p.81 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Effect on plasma HDL-C concentration --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Effect on plasma TG concentration --- p.86 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Effect on hepatic cholesterol profile --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- Effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity by AA and AP SNSPs --- p.92 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Effect on neutral and acidic sterols excretion by AA and AP SNSPs --- p.93 / Chapter 3.5.8 --- Correlation between hypocholesterolemic potential and viscosity of mushroom SNSPs --- p.97 / Chapter 3.6 --- In vivo dose-dependent effect on hypocholesterolemic potential of AP SNSP --- p.99 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Effect on body weight and diet intake --- p.100 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Effect on plasma TC concentration --- p.102 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Effect on plasma HDL-C concentration --- p.105 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Effect on plasma TG concentration --- p.107 / Chapter 3.6.5 --- Effect on hepatic cholesterol profile --- p.110 / Chapter 3.6.6 --- Effect on HMG-CoA reductase activity --- p.113 / Chapter 3.6.7 --- Effect on neutral and acidic sterols excretion --- p.114 / Chapter 3.6.8 --- Correlation between dosage and hypocholesterolemic effect of AP SNSP --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Conclusions and Future works --- p.121 / List of References --- p.124 / Related Publications --- p.149

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 1975. / Bibliography: leaves 42-44. / by Michael Binder. / M.S.