Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1961. / "UC-48 Biology and Medicine" -t.p. "TID-4500 (16th Ed.)" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80).

Thesis (M.A.)--Rowan University, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1976. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-217).

The thesis explored financial stringency by analysing differing managerial interpretations and responses. The data was partially collected through an action research process with three management teams in a Social Services Department of a Local Authority. A concept of organisational monetarism was developed as a description of those approaches which predict positive benefits from restricted resource growth. Organisational monetarism, together with other analyses which also explain managerial responses solely in terms of characteristics of the stringency itself were found to be inadequate. Additionally sub-cultures and contextual features were identified as significant determinants of responses to stringency. Subculture is defined as collective, taken for granted, values and behaviours of a management team. These included management style and role and their definitions of the task. Contextual features were defined as variables within each group's internal environment. The five variables identified were: environmental control, task visibility, pattern of spending, unionateness and degree of professional development. Because these factors differed for each team, the extent to which management teams could effectively manage stringency also varied. The degree of congruence between organisational factors and the reductions task, and thus, the extent of management change required if the task is to be accommodated, determined the interpretation and response to stringency by management groups. With a high degree of congruence, where both sets of organisational factors facilitated the performance of the reductions task, stringency was interpreted as a routine matter and assimilated. With less congruence, stringency posed a threat and was avoided. A low degree of congruence indicated a need for radical change if the task were to be routinised. In this latter case stringency led to crisis and managers responded by overt resistance and withdrawal from reductions related activities. The organisational costs and benefits of these different responses, in terms of resource consumption, conflict, control and innovation, were explored. Finally, the significance of managing diversity and reformulating the organisation's strategy in circumstances of financial stringency was stressed.

No description available.

The nature of, indications for, and aims of amputation and prosthetic rehabilitation are described. The influence of those procedures on patients' physical, psychological and social states are examined over time. Psychological theories of the coping techniques of surgical patients are used to develop an understanding of the influence of patients' pre-surgical characteristics on their post-operative rehabilitation. The Roehampton Functional Assessment Scale has been developed and validated on three separate samples of primary lower-limb amputees. The developmental sample consisted of 121 patients, the reliability sample of 50 amputees and the validity sample of 25 patients. The 10-point Body Barrier Test, Family Environment Scale, General Health Questionnaire, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Roehampton Functional Assessment Scale were used to assess patients' pre- and post-operative physical, psychological and social parameters. 109 patients were assessed before their amputation, whom were re-assessed six months after amputation, and 27 followed-up at eighteen months or more after their operation. The results indicated that patients' psychological profiles differed at each assessment stage, and the changes observed were not always in the same direction. Patients appeared to suffer from worse physical symptoms, sleep disturbances, State Anxiety and body-image before their amputation than after, while still functioning independently from their family environment. At the first post-operative assessment, amputees wore found to fare better than at any other assessment stage. Nevertheless, inter-personal difficulties, indicated by reduced Individuality scores, became evident at this stage. At the final stage, amputees appeared to continue physically and psychologically functioning on levels similar to the previous stage, except for significantly increased Trait Anxiety scores. The three pre-operative variables accounting for most of the variance in the first post-operative assessment variables were Trait Anxiety, Anxiety and Dysphoria and Sleep Disturbances [the later two are subscales of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)]; while for the second post-operative assessment the variables were State Anxiety, Somatic Symptoms (a subscale of the GHQ) and Chance Locus of Control. Male and non-vascular patients and those with below-the-knee amputations achieved the best physical rehabilitation and lowest levels of psychopathological disturbances at both re-assessment stages. Additionally, younger patients were found to do better that older amputees at the first post-operative assessment. This clear age difference was not maintained at their second post-operative assessment. Explanations of the possible relationships of the results obtained and a comparison with the results of previous research studies are provided. Clinical applications and recommendations for future research are also included.

Ultrasound is now a widely used technique in medicine. The precise mechanisms by which ultrasound interacts with tissues are still not fully understood, however, and it is possible that ultrasound presents a small hazard to those who receive it. An understanding of the possible mechanisms by which ultrasound may be hazardous is necessary if reliable safety levels are to be set. One possible damage mechanism is transient cavitation, which is the creation, expansion and collapse of small bubbles in tissues in response to the variations in pressure produced by the ultrasound wave. During the collapse stage, very high temperatures can be produced within the bubble and it is likely that free radicals are formed. Sonoluminescence is the name given to the light emissions that accompany transient cavitation, and is an indication that cavitation has occurred. In this thesis the phenomenon of sonoluminescence, and various factors that influence it, are investigated under similar conditions to those obtaining in clinical practice. When the effect of physiotherapeutic ultrasound on a tank of water was investigated and light output was detected using either a photomultiplier or an image intensifier, sonoluminescence was found to increase with increasing ultrasonic intensity above a well defined threshold. Sonoluminescence also increased with increasing temperature and was found to depend on duty cycle and standing wave ratio. Subsequently sonoluminescence was also recorded from water after insonation with quite short pulses of ultrasound, but thresholds, were much higher than with long pulses. The effect of ultrasound on monolayers of cells growing in culture was found to depend on the position of the monolayer in the standing wave field. Finally a direct attempt to measure sonoluminescence from the human cheek was made, but none was observed.

No description available.