Today’s electrical grid companies understand that better knowledge of and information about their grid can help realize a smart grid network. One way to gain better knowledge and information about the low voltage network is to install measuring equipment on the substation transformer´s secondary low voltage side that measures the low voltage network losses for that specific substation. By doing so, grid companies can, due to the calculation of the low voltage network losses, identify and address issues such as illegal power dissipation, unmeasured power outtakes, and unsatisfied technical documentation for the substations low voltage network. During 2012, Mälarenergi Elnät AB had a total electrical network loss (both medium and low voltage network losses included) of three to four percent of their total distributed electrical volume. Converting this energy volume into a monetary figure this accounts for a loss of around 30 million Swedish crowns. To address Mälarenergi Elnät AB’s issue about their low voltage network losses, Mälarenergi Elnät AB asked me to perform my civil engineering master thesis around this subject. Mälarenergi Elnät AB wanted me to perform measurements in five pre-existingsubstations. I had seven EDMI MK10A CT electrical meters for substation measurements installed in five pre-existing substations in the surrounding area of Västerås in order to investigate the potential costs and benefits of increased measurement in the low voltage network system. The total cost of my substation measurement installation reached 35 000 SEK or around 5 000 SEK per installed electrical meter. The calculated low voltage network losses from my measurements in the selected pre-existing substations showed that 75 % of the studied low voltage networks had losses in the range of zero to five percent. From the calculated results I also identified several benefits of measurements in pre-existing substations, including improved calculation of low voltage network losses, increased awareness of load levels so that maintenance could be more efficiently scheduled, and more accurate technical documentation, all of which can lead to increased customer satisfaction. The disadvantages of measurement in pre-existing substations that I identified during my master thesis study were the high installation cost of the meters and the increased demand on human resources during the implementation phase. Overall, my economic evaluation of the project showed that the investment was not cost effective, despite the acknowledged benefits of these substation measurements. The overall results suggest that Mälarenergi Elnät AB could benefit from installing meters in new substations, and in some existing substations where specific information about the low voltage network loss is needed for issues such as identifying suspicious illegal power dissipation or unmeasured power outtakes. The high installation cost for substation measurements are, in those cases, motivated by the fact that the substation measuring equipment costs are low compared to a whole new substation or compared to the fact of finding unmeasured outtakes, illegal powerdissipations etc.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to identify shortcomings and challenges that occur within the building permit process and then present concrete improvement proposals to streamline the building permit process in Växjö municipality. Method: To identify the shortcomings in the building permit process, several methods have been used such as a literature study, a case study and document analysis. The case study was covered by four interviews with administrators who work in the building permit department in Växjö municipality to get a glimpse of how the building permit process works, what shortcomings the administrators have experienced with the process and how the process is managed. In addition, a document analysis of internal and publicly published documents has taken place to skew a picture of the way of working in the department as well as the routines of the department. Results: Results show how Växjö municipality nowadays works around the building permit process and how applications are handled. Administrators in the municipality use a program called Castor to perform procedures in the OneNote Program.  Furthermore, the shortcomings experienced by the administrators with this routine are also presented. The e-service for the application for a building permit worked for private individuals but was complicated for organizations. The building permit website needs more specific information regarding guidance for the preparation of documents as well as information on which documents must be submitted in connection with the application. Finally, in the results section, several improvement proposals on how the building permit process can be made more streamlined were presented. For example, by updating the website to expand the knowledge of a private applicant, by developing the e-service and by expanding the competence supply of administrators. in addition, municipality’s opinion in implementing the proposed measures is discussed. Conclusions: The conclusion of this work is that implementing the measures can indeed help to resolve existing short comes, thereby streamlining the building permit process. For the building permit process to be more efficient for both administrators and applicants, an implementation of measures can be made. Administrators can increase their skills supply and learn the existing digital tools as well as expand learning in IT. Furthermore, updates to the municipal website can be made to expand applicant knowledge in applications for building permits. / Detta examenarbete grundar sig i problematiken omkring en effektiv handläggning av bygglovsprocessen. Med hjälp av en ökad effektivisering kan bygglovsprocessen bli mer lätthanterad för handläggare samt bidra till snabbare bygglovsprocess. Syftet med detta arbete är att studera bygglovsprocessen i Växjö kommun för att identifiera brister och utmaningar samt föreslå konkreta förbättringsförslag för att effektivisera denna process. Fyra intervjuer med handläggare som jobbar i bygglovsavdelning i Växjö kommun genomfördes för att få en bild av hur bygglovsprocessen fungerar, vilka brister handläggarna har upplevt med processen samt hur processen hanteras. Det har även genomförts en dokumentanalys av interna och allmänt publicerade dokument för att få ytterligare insikter av arbetssättet och rutinerna på avdelningen. Resultat visar hur Växjö kommun för närvarande arbetar kring bygglovsprocessen och hur ansökningar hanteras. Handläggare i kommunen använder sig av ett program som heter Castor för att utföra handläggningar enligt rutiner i programmet OneNote. Vidare presenterades även de brister som handläggarna upplevde med denna rutin. E-tjänsten för ansökningen om bygglov fungerade för privata personer men inte för organisationer. Bygglovs hemsidan behöver mer specifik information angående vägledning för upprättelse av handlingar samt information om vilka dokument som det är måste lämnas in i samband med ansökan. Slutligen presenteras i resultatdelen flera förbättringsförslag på hur bygglovsprocessen kan effektiviseras genom exempelvis en uppdatering av hemsidan för att utöka kunskapen hos en privat sökande. Ytterligare ett förslag är att utveckla e-tjänsten samt utöka kompetensförsörjningen hos handläggare. Efter presentationen av resultatet diskuterades effektiviteten av dem föreslagna åtgärderna med handläggaren. Enligt handläggaren anses dem föreslagna åtgärderna vara rimliga och kan bidra till förbättring i processen om avdelningen väljer att implementera dem. Detta har sin anledning i att flera åtgärder kommer tillsammans att komplettera varandra och lösa befintliga brister samt förebygga återuppståendet av dessa brister. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att genomförandet av föreslagna åtgärderna kan bidra till och hjälpa med att lösa befintliga brister och därigenom effektivisera bygglovsprocessen. Bygglovsprocessen kan effektiviseras mer för både handläggare och dem sökande genom implementeringen av åtgärder. Handläggare kan öka sin kompetensförsörjning och lära sig dem digitala verktygen samt utöka lärandet inom IT. Vidare kan kommunens webbplats  uppdateras med bättre exempel och information som ökar dem sökandes kunskaper om bygglovsprocessen  och bygglov.