Orientador: Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T10:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conto_LeilaneCostade_D.pdf: 5195999 bytes, checksum: 05ac9b9628d2dacdf94c6fa8c8ba673f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Óleos e gorduras são importantes na alimentação humana como fonte de energia,além de alguns serem considerados essenciais ao funcionamento dos organismos, tais como determinados ácidos graxos polinsaturados ômega-3. O ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e o ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA), provenientes de fontes marinhas, são as principais formas de ingestão direta de ômega-3,porém estes são muito sensíveis à oxidação e apresentam flavors característicos que levam à rejeição por alguns consumidores. Uma alternativa para contornar estes problemas é a microencapsulação. Uma técnica muito difundida para este tipo de produto sensível é a coacervação, no entanto algumas novas técnicas vêm surgindo na busca de solução destas deficiências. A gelificação enzimática pode ser citada como uma nova tecnologia que objetiva reduzir algumas etapas do processo e tempo de produção, se comparado ao processo de coacervação.Neste trabalho buscou-se compreender o comportamento do material de recheio (éster etílico de óleo de peixe), visto que são encontrados poucos estudos referentes às análises da integridade dos materiais de recheio de natureza lipídica quando encapsulados, e dos materiais de parede (principalmente isolado protéico de soja e isolado protéico de soro) quando utilizados para a produção de microcápsulas por gelificação enzimática e por coacervação complexa, avaliando tanto as cargas eletrostáticas do meio pelo seu potencial zeta para a coacervação, quanto na caracterização completa das cápsulas produzidas por gelificação enzimática e coacervação. Entre os materiais de parede estudados, foram utilizados isolado protéico de soro e isolado protéico de soja, sendo que este último na concentração de 10% apresentou formação de microcápsulas com características superiores pela técnica de gelificação enzimática. Quando estudadas mais a fundo as características das microcápsulas produzidas por gelificação enzimática, a ánalise do material encapsulado constatou-se que ocorreu a encapsulação de óleo de milho da segunda emulsão, reduzindo assim a eficiência real de encapsulação, mostrando-se assim uma técnica não eficaz,mesmo se obtendo cápsulas com elevada resistência mecânica. Comparando-se os métodos de degradação destas cápsulas, foi observada a total degradação da parede para a metodologia de degradação ácida, e parcial para a metodologia de degradação enzimática alcalina. Entretanto a melhor metodologia de degradação para se determinar a composição do material encapsulado foi a degradação ácida com determinação direta da composição em ácidos graxos. No estudo estatístico de microcápsulas contendo éster etílico de óleo de peixe produzidas por coacervação complexa utilizando isolado protéico de soja e goma arábica como material de parede obteve-se cápsulas contendo mais de 20 g de EPA + DHA / 100 g microcápsulas, sendo necessária a adição de menos de 0,5 g de microcápsulas em porções de 100 g ou 100 mL de alimentos para este poder ser considerado funcional. Contudo, uma grande variação no processo foi observadalevando a um estudo mais aprofundado do processo de coacervação através do potencial zeta dos materiais de parede e de recheio separadamente e em diferentes misturas, onde foi constatado que o isolado protéico de soja, por possuir variação na sua constituição e baixa solubilidade, dificulta a determinação exata do potencial zeta zero das misturas, sendo a máxima eficiência de encapsulação encontrada quando as misturas de 1,5:1,0 (massa:massa) isolado protéico de soja:Goma arábica e 2,0:1,0 (massa:massa) material de parede:material de recheio em pH 4,0 foram testados / Abstract: Fats and oils are important energy sources in human feeding, and some, such as the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, are considered essential to the functioning of the organisms. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids from marine sources are the principal forms used for the direct ingestion of omega-3, but are highly sensitive to oxidation and present characteristic flavors leading to their rejection by some consumers. One alternative to overcome these problems is microencapsulation, and one well known technique for this type of sensitive product is coacervation, although some new techniques are currently appearing which also attempt to overcome these deficiencies.Enzymatic gelation could be cited as a new technology which aims to reduce some of the processing steps and production time when compared to coacervation. This work aimed to understand the behavior of the core material (fish oil ethyl ester),since few studies can be found referring to analyses of the integrity of the core materials of a lipid nature when encapsulated, and of the wall materials (principally soy protein isolate and whey protein isolate), when used in the production of microcapsules by enzymatic gelation and by complex coacervation, evaluating both the electrostatic charges in the medium from their zeta potential for coacervation, and a complete characterization of the resulting capsules produced by both enzymatic gelation and coacervation. Of the wall materials studied, whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate were used, the latter, at a concentration of 10%, producing microcapsules with the best characteristics by the enzymatic gelation technique. However, when the characteristics of the microcapsules produced by enzymatic gelation were studied at greater depth, the analysis of the core material showed that lipid material from another source had been coencapsulated due to the processing conditions, thus reducing the true efficiency of the encapsulation, showing that this technique was not efficient, despite the elevated mechanical resistance of the microcapsules. A comparison of the methods used to degrade the capsules showed total degradation of the wall by the acid degradation methodology, and only partial degradation for the enzymatic alkaline degradation methodology. Thus the best degradation methodology to determine the composition of the encapsulated material was acid degradation with the direct determination of the fatty acid composition. In the statistical study of the production of microcapsules containing fish oil ethyl ester by complex coacervation using soy protein isolate and gum Arabic as the wall materials, capsules were obtained containing more than 20 g EPA + DHA / 100 g of microcapsules, requiring the addition of less than 0.5 g of microcapsules to 100 g or 100 mL portions of foods for the food to be considered functional. However considerable process variation was observed, leading to a study in greater depth of the coacervation process as from the zeta potential of the wall and core materials separately, and in different mixtures. Thus it was shown that the soy protein isolate presented variation in its constitution and low solubility, which made it difficult to determine the exact zero zeta potential of the mixtures, the maximum encapsulation efficiency being found with mixtures of 1.5:1.0 (w:w) soy protein isolate: gum Arabic as the wall material and a ratio of 2.0:1.0 (w:w) for the wall material: core material at pH 4.0 / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutora em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Orientador: Maria Julia Marques / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T09:08:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Apolinario_LeticiaMontanholi_M.pdf: 1840325 bytes, checksum: aac9928181ab48946d6ed91bfa3a9c50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença recessiva ligada ao cromossomo X. Os glicocorticoides são amplamente utilizados para o tratamento da DMD, entretanto os efeitos colaterais decorrente de seu uso contínuo motivam a busca por novas terapias farmacológicas. Ácidos graxos poli-insaturados têm sido empregados para o tratamento de várias doenças, exercendo seus efeitos através de mecanismos pouco conhecidos... O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease that leads to myonecrosis and cardiorespiratory failure. Glucocorticoids are so far the choice treatment for DMD. However their side effects due to continuous use motivate the search for new therapies¿ The complete Abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Anatomia / Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

The homeoviscous adaptation hypothesis states that the relative abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in membrane phospholipids of ectothermic organisms decreases with increasing temperatures to maintainvital membrane properties. We reared Daphnia magna at 15°, 20°, and 25°C and increasing dietary concentrations of the long-chain PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to test the hypothesis that the well-documented increase in heat tolerance of high-temperature-reared Daphnia is due to a reduction in body PUFA concentrations. Heat tolerance was assessed by measuring the time to immobility at a lethally high temperature (Timm at 37°C), and whole body lipid fluorescence polarization (FP) was used as an estimate of membrane fluidity. At all rearing temperatures, EPA supplementation resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of EPA in body tissues, but only at 15° and 25°C did this result in a decrease in heat tolerance, and only at 20°C was this associated with an increase in membrane fluidity (i.e., decrease in FP). Overall, however, the degree of tissue fatty acid unsaturation correlated well with heat tolerance and FP. Our results support the homeoviscous adaptation hypothesis by showing that cold-reared Daphnia accumulate PUFAs within their body tissues and thus are more susceptible to heat than hot-reared Daphnia accumulating fewer PUFAs. However, our data also point out that further studies are required that elucidate the complex relationships between PUFA supply, membrane fluidity, and heat tolerance in ectotherms.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18346号 / 農博第2071号 / 新制||農||1024(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4853(農学部図書室) / 31204 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 栗原 達夫, 教授 植田 充美, 教授 小川 順 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

Yes / There remains an unmet need for safe and cost-effective adjunctive treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is safe, well-tolerated and has anti-inflammatory as well as antineoplastic properties. A phase 2 randomised trial of preoperative EPA free fatty acid 2 g daily in patients undergoing surgery for CRC liver metastasis showed no difference in the primary endpoint (histological tumour proliferation index) compared with placebo. However, the trial demonstrated possible benefit for the prespecified exploratory endpoint of postoperative disease-free survival. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that EPA treatment, started before liver resection surgery (and continued postoperatively), improves CRC outcomes in patients with CRC liver metastasis. Methods and analysis: The EPA for Metastasis Trial 2 trial is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of 4 g EPA ethyl ester (icosapent ethyl (IPE; Vascepa)) daily in patients undergoing liver resection surgery for CRC liver metastasis with curative intent. Trial treatment continues for a minimum of 2 years and maximum of 4 years, with 6monthly assessments, including quality of life outcomes, as well as annual clinical record review after the trial intervention. The primary endpoint is CRC progression-free survival. Key secondary endpoints are overall survival, as well as the safety and tolerability of IPE. A minimum 388 participants are estimated to provide 247 CRC progression events during minimum 2-year follow-up, allowing detection of an HR of 0.7 in favour of IPE, with a power of 80% at the 5% (two sided) level of significance, assuming drop-out of 15%. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical and health research authority approval was obtained in January 2018. All data will be collected by 2025. Full trial results will be published in 2026. Secondary analyses of health economic data, biomarker studies and other translational work will be published subsequently. Trial registration number NCT03428477. / The EMT2 trial is funded by Yorkshire Cancer Research (L387) and is sponsored by the University of Leeds. The EMT2 biospecimen collection is funded by the National Institutes of Health (1R01CA243454-01A1) and is sponsored by the University of Leeds ( governance-ethics@ leeds. ac. uk). Both studies have been adopted to the NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN) Portfolio (CPMS ID 34700 and 47372, respectively) and have benefited from CRN research staff support.

Thesis (PhD (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially the n-3 LCPUFA metabolic products eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) play an important role as regulators in many biological processes. To date hake (Merluccius capensis) heads, a rich source of EPA and DHA, have been discarded at sea. The South African Fisheries Policy Development Committee concerned with the environmental impact of this practice has rendered it undesirable. The high prevalence of under-nutrition amongst children in South Africa can be addressed by the supplementation of their diet with this unexploited fish source. The aim of the current study was to develop a microbiologically safe and sensory acceptable sandwich spread using fish flour prepared from fish heads, as a prime ingredient. The intervention trial aimed to compare the effects of an increased dietary intake of n-3 LCPUFA, specifically DHA, on the blood fatty acid levels and absenteeism (as indicator of immune function), as well as the cognitive status, of the subjects. The microbiological content of the sandwich spread was determined after storage for 20 d at 5°C and 15 d at 25°C. Sensory evaluation was performed by consumers (n = 95; M:F = 44:51; 6 – 9 yr) to determine acceptance of the five different flavours individually incorporated into the sandwich spread to mask the fishy note and to provide different flavour options. For the intervention trial subjects (n = 351) were stratified within class group (A - E) and gender and randomly assigned to two treatment categories, an experimental group (EG; n = 174) receiving 25 g sandwich spread.d-1 (191.66 mg DHA. d-1) and a control group (CG; n = 177) receiving an analogous placebo. On school days (104 d), each subject received two sandwiches consisting of two slices of bread (ca. 60 g), spread with 25 g of either the placebo or the experimental spread. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and post intervention. Plasma fatty acid and red blood cell (RBC) membrane status, C-reactive protein levels, as well as vitamin and micronutrient status, were determined. Trained test administrators conducted a battery of cognitive tests. According to South African Government health standards, the sandwich spread remained microbiologically safe after storage. Male and female consumer respondents revealed a significant difference between gender preferences of the five different spread flavours (p <0.05). Significant treatment effects (p <0.05) were observed in n-3 LCPUFA status of the EG, as well as for their absenteeism from school. The two subtests of the Hopkins Verbal Learning test, Recognition and Discrimination Index, showed significant differences between the EG and CG (p <0.05) post intervention in the Grade 2 subjects. The Spelling tests also showed a significant difference between the two groups (p <0.05). In the current study a microbiologically safe and sensory acceptable sandwich spread was developed and tested during an intervention trial, and could possibly in future, provide a healthier option in the School Nutritional Programme. This study proved that supplementation of children (6 - 9 yr) with n-3 LCPUFA, with specific reference to EPA and DHA from a marine source, could have a beneficial effect on their fatty acid status and absenteeism from school. Based on the outcomes of the Hopkins Verbal Learning test and Spelling test, the current study proved that an n-3 fatty acid-rich spread improved the learning ability and memory of children.

Les dernières données de consommation alimentaire de la population française démontrent que les apports nutritionnels en acide eicosapentaénoïque (EPA) et en acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA) sont nettement inférieurs aux recommandations fixées par l’Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire, de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES). Compte tenu de leurs rôles physiologiques, l’amélioration de leur biodisponibilité est devenue une priorité nutritionnelle. La maitrise des formes de vectorisation des acides gras polyinsaturés à longue chaine de la série n-3 (AGPI-LC n-3) représente une piste d’intérêt afin de répondre à cette problématique. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit ce travail de thèse, visant à étudier l’influence de la forme moléculaire (phospholipides (PL) vs triglycérides (TG)) et/ou supramoléculaire (phase continue, émulsion, liposomes) de vectorisation des AGPI-LC n-3 sur leur devenir métabolique.La démarche expérimentale adoptée a consisté, dans un premier temps, à caractériser les différentes formes de vectorisation des AGPI-LC n-3 par un couplage de méthodes d’analyse physico-chimiques (microscopie optique, granulométrie, mesure des produits primaires et secondaires d’oxydation, lipolyse enzymatique). Les données obtenues ont permis de poser des hypothèses mécanistiques pour l’étude de la biodisponibilité chez le rat. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps, l’étude in vivo a permis d’aborder (1) l’absorption intestinale des acides gras (AG) suite à un apport en bolus de lipides et (2) l’accrétion tissulaire suite à un régime de 8 semaines.Les résultats indiquent que la forme moléculaire de vectorisation des AGPI-LC n-3 (TG marins vs PL marins, en phase continue) n’influence pas leur absorption intestinale mais plutôt leur incorporation dans les lipides lymphatiques, principaux transporteurs des AG alimentaires dans l’organisme. A l’inverse, la structuration des PL marins en milieu aqueux (émulsion ou liposomes), permet d’améliorer l’absorption de l’EPA et du DHA, de façon spécifique à la nature de la structuration supramoléculaire. Les résultats de l’accrétion tissulaire montrent qu’au terme des 8 semaines de régime, l’enrichissement tissulaire en AGPI-LC n-3 s’effectue de façon différente selon leur forme moléculaire de vectorisation. Ainsi, la consommation de TG marins favorise l’incorporation des AGPI-LC n-3 dans les lipides hépatiques, alors que la supplémentation des régimes en PL marins permet d’orienter le DHA vers le cerveau et la rétine.L’ensemble de ces résultats montre que le choix de la forme moléculaire de vectorisation des AGPI-LC n-3 (PL vs TG) peut être un moyen d'orienter leur incorporation tissulaire, alors que leur structuration supramoléculaire (émulsion ou liposomes), une stratégie pour moduler leur absorption intestinale. / The latest data from the cross-sectional national French dietary study show that dietary intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are significantly lower than those recommended by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES). Considering their physiological roles, improving their dietary intake has became a nutritional priority. The control of the different forms of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty (n-3 LC-PUFA) intake represents an interesting way to address this issue. In this context, this thesis aims at studying the influence of the molecular form (phospholipids (PL) vs triglycerides (TG)) and/or supramolecular form (continuous phase, emulsion, liposomes) of n-3 LC-PUFA towards their bioavailability.The experimental approach consisted in characterizing the different forms of n-3 LC-PUFAs by coupling various physicochemical methods (optical microscopy, granulometry, measurement of primary and secondary oxidation products, enzymatic lipolysis). The data obtained made it possible to propose some mechanistic hypothesis for the bioavailability studies conducted in rat. Thus, in a second step, the in vivo study made addresses (1) the intestinal absorption of fatty acids following a single dose of lipids and (2) the lipid tissue accretion following an 8-week diet.The data obtained from the intestinal absorption study indicate that the molecular form of n-3 LC-PUFA targeting (marine TG vs marine PL, in continuous phase) does not influence their intestinal absorption but rather their incorporation into lymphatic lipids, which are the main carriers for dietary fatty acids in the organism. Conversely, structuring marine PL (emulsion or liposomes) improves the EPA and DHA absorption, but differently according to the supramolecular form. The results concerning tissue accretion show that, after 8-week diet, the tissue enrichment in n-3 LC-PUFA is different according to the molecular form of targeting. The consumption of marine TG favours the incorporation of n-3 LC-PUFA into hepatic lipids, while the supplementation of diets with marine PL targets DHA preferentially to brain and retina.All these results show that the molecular form of targeting (PL vs TG) of n-3 LC-PUFA can be a way for managing their tissue incorporation, whereas the supramolecular organization (emulsion or liposomes) can be envisaged to monitor their intestinal absorption.

Três experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar o efeito de fontes lipídicas nos desempenhos reprodutivo e zootécnico de lambaris e a comparação no perfil de ácidos graxos nos tecidos de lambaris selvagens e de cativeiro. Para o experimento de reprodução e de crescimento foram fornecidas, desde a fase larval até o período reprodutivo (11 meses), três dietas elaboradas com diferentes fontes de óleo: soja (SO); óleo de resíduos de tilápia (TI); óleo de resíduo de salmão (SA). No período reprodutivo, os peixes (36 fêmeas e 72 machos) foram induzidos à desova artificialmente e foram avaliados os parâmetros reprodutivos (volume e número total de ovos, taxas de fertilização e eclosão, diâmetro do ovo e comprimento da larva), bem como, o acompanhamento da regeneração ovocitária pós-desova. Observaram-se ovos e larvas maiores e taxas de fertilização superiores na progênie dos peixes alimentados com dietas contendo óleo de peixe, o que pode estar relacionado aos maiores valores da relação n-3/n-6 encontrados nos ovos. Para o experimento de desempenho zootécnico foram utilizados 192 lambaris sexados (espículas na nadadeira anal do macho), sendo 120 machos (peso médio 2,58 ± 0,13g) e 72 fêmeas (peso médio 4,00 ± 0,09g). O Delineamento utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado em Esquema Fatorial 3 x 2, composto por três dietas (SO, TI, SA) e dois sexos. Verificou-se que as fêmeas apresentaram maior ganho em peso, taxas de conversão alimentar e taxa de eficiência protéica mais satisfatórias quando comparados com os machos, os quais apresentaram maior sobrevivência no final do experimento, independente da dieta fornecida. Para o terceiro experimento foram coletados 30 lambaris fêmeas selvagens e 30 fêmeas provenientes do cultivo. Extraíram-se os lipídios dos tecidos (músculo, ovários e fígado) de cada grupo, os quais foram separados (fases apolar e polar) e determinados os perfis de ácidos graxos. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e diferenciados pelo teste F. Os lambaris de ambos os grupos apresentaram em média 3,5g.100g-1 de teor de gordura no músculo. Os ovários dos peixes selvagens apresentaram a maior concentração de lipídios (14,447g.100g-1) quando comparados com os de cativeiro (13,181g.100g-1). A dieta não conseguiu suprir a quantidade mínima de importantes ácidos graxos no lipídio total e frações dos tecidos das fêmeas provenientes do cultivo em relação às selvagens. O ácido linolênico, considerado essencial para peixes de água doce, esteve presente em menores quantidades no lipídio total e nas frações polar e apolar nos tecidos dos lambaris cultivados, o que pode estar relacionado com deficiência em dietas comerciais para peixes onívoros. Com base nos resultados observados nos experimentos de reprodução e desempenho, sugere-se a inclusão de óleo de resíduos de tilápia e salmão na ração de peixes de lambaris. Ainda foi observado que os lambaris são capazes de elongar e dessaturar os ácidos graxos com 18 carbonos na cadeia, para a produção de Ácidos Araquidônico (AA), Eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e Docosahexaenóico (DHA), devido às baixas quantidades desses ácidos graxos na dieta e posterior aumento nos tecidos. / Three trials were conducted to determine the effect of lipid sources on lambari reproductive and growth performances as well as to make the comparison in the fatty acid profiles in tissues of lambari wild and captive. For the reproduction and growth performances were provided since the larval stage until the reproductive period (11 months), three diets containing different sources of oil: soybean oil (SO); tilapia waste oil (IT); salmon waste oil ( SA). During the reproductive period, fish (36 females and 72 males) were artificially induced to spawn and the reproduction parameters (volume and total number of eggs, fertilization and hatching rates, egg diameter and larval length) were evaluated, as well as monitoring of oocyte regeneration post-spawning. It were observed larger eggs and larvae and higher fertilization rate in the progeny of fish fed diets containing fish oil, which may be related to higher n-3/n-6 ratio values found in the eggs. For the trial of growth performance were used 192 sexed lambaris (male anal fin spines) with 120 males (mean weight 2.58 ± 0.13g) and 72 females (mean weight 4.00 ± 0.09g). The fish were separated on a random method in a factorial scheme 3 x 2, composed by three diets (SO, TI e SA) and two sexes. It was verified that females had higher weight gain, improved feed conversion and protein efficiency rates than males, which showed higher survival at the end of the trial, regardless of diet. In the third trial were collected 30 wild and 30 captive females. The lipids of tissues (muscle, liver and ovary) were extracted from each group and were separated (polar and non polar) and thus determined the fatty acids profiles. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and F test. The lambaris of both groups had mean of 3.5g.100g-1 in the muscle and the wild fish ovaries showed the highest concentration of lipids (14.447g.100g-1) than farming fish (13.181 g.100g-1). The diet failed to supply the minimum amount of important fatty acids in fractions and total lipids of cultivate females and these evidences were higher in the ovaries. Linolenic acid which is considered essential for freshwater fish, was present in smaller amounts in total lipids and polar and nonpolar fractions in all tissues of the cultivated lambari, which may be related to default in commercial diets for omnivores fish. In view of parameters observed in reproduction and growth trials, it can be suggest the inclusion of waste tilapia and salmon oil in lambari broodstock diet. Also it was observed that lambaris have the capacity elongation and desaturation of fatty acids with 18 carbons in the chain for the Arachidonic Acid (AA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) production due to low amount of these fatty acids in the diet and the increase in the tissues.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEBORA CALDAS MARQUES.pdf: 1050150 bytes, checksum: fcd394299d813475550612fa84f0fda8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / Introduction: Cancer cachexia is characterized by weight loss, immunosuppression, and is associated with a worse prognosis and quality of life. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of &#969;-3 supplementation on nutritional and functional status and quality of life of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Methodology: The placebo group (n = 10) received 7 caps containing 1000 mg soya oil, and the supplement group (n = 11) received 7 caps of 1000 mg fish and flaxseed oil, containing 214.3 mg of EPA and 113.5 mg of DHA, daily, for 14 days. Were assessed weight, body composition, inflammatory and immunological markers, functional status and quality of life. Results: The average weight variation of P group before and after treatment was -0.44 ± 2.7 kg and for S group was 0.07 ± 1.4 kg, with no significant differences. The average BMI of the sample was 20.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2. Significant reduction of serum total protein (p=0.005) and albumin (p=0.011) for the P group, increased levels of CRP (p=0.005), and reduction of TLC (p=0.037). An increase of serum transferrin of S group (p=0.010) and reduced levels of CRP (p=0.033) and cortisolemia (p=0.006). It was found to increase KPS (p=0.020) in group S. No differences were found for functional status, symptoms and global health. Conclusions: This study found results that support the supplementation of &#969;-3 in oncology. However, further investigations are necessary involvement &#969;-3 associated to other therapeutic strategies. / Introdução: A caquexia do câncer é caracterizada pela perda ponderal, imunossupressão, e está associada a um pior prognóstico e qualidade de vida. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de &#969;-3 sobre o estado nutricional, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer gastrointestinal. Metodologia: O grupo placebo (grupo P) (n=10) recebeu 7 cápsulas de 1000 mg de óleo de soja, e o grupo suplemento (grupo S) (n=11) 7 cápsulas de 1000 mg de óleo de peixe e linhaça, contendo 214,3 mg de ácido eicosapentaenóico e 113,5 mg de ácido docosahexaenóico, diariamente, por 14 dias. Foram avaliados o peso, composição corporal, marcadores inflamatórios e imunológicos, capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida. Resultados: A média de variação de peso do grupo P antes e depois do tratamento foi de -0,44 ± 2,7 kg e do grupo S foi de 0,07 ± 1,4 kg, sem diferença estatística. A média de IMC da amostra foi de 20,5 ± 3,4 kg/m2. Houve redução significativa dos níveis séricos de proteínas totais (p=0,005) e albumina (p=0,011) para o grupo P; aumento dos níveis de proteína C reativa (p=0,005), e redução da Contagem Total de Linfócitos (p=0,037). Verificou-se aumento dos níveis séricos da transferrina do grupo S (p=0,010), bem como redução dos níveis de PCR (p=0,033) e na cortisolemia (p=0,006). Encontrou-se aumento para KPS (p=0,020) no grupo S. Não foram encontradas diferenças para Status funcional, Sintomas e Saúde global. Conclusões: O presente estudo encontrou resultados que dão suporte à suplementação de &#969;-3 em oncologia. No entanto, são necessárias maiores investigações associando os &#969;-3 a outras estratégias terapêuticas.