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Trapped ions in linear Paul traps are largely isolated from interaction with the environment. This property of trapped ions make them a primary choice for quantum technology. Over the last decade, trapped atomic ions in linear radio frequency Paul traps have shown to be an important tool to implement quantum algorithms. The scalability of linear ion traps is required to handle large numbers of qubits, in order to implement useful quantum computation. Advance micro-fabrication technology allows the realisation of scalable ion traps. Further developments of micro-trap designs, for the purpose of scalable quantum technology, requires inter-disciplinary investigations of ion traps. Micro-scale ion trap designs typically require a versatile experimental setup. The first part of this thesis describes such an experimental setup including a chip bracket that can host macroscopic ion traps as well as advanced symmetric and asymmetric ion trap chips with up to 90 control electrodes. The system provides versatile optical access for both type of traps and the vacuum chamber is designed in a way so the ion traps can be replaced within a short amount of time. To test the working of the setup, a macroscopic ion trap with an ion-electrode distance of 310±10 μm is used to trap ytterbium ions (Yb+). The trap is characterised by measuring the heating rate, (n•), and spectral noise density SE(ω). A photoionisation technique is used to ionise the different isotopes of Yb in our trap. Isotope selective photoionisation requires exact measurements of 1So↔1P1 transition for the different Yb isotopes. A technique to measure these resonant frequencies is described. This technique works by observing and aligning fluorescence spots and by using this technique, the 1So↔1P1 transition frequencies for stable isotopes of Yb were measured with an accuracy of 60 MHz. These new measured transition frequencies for stable Yb isotopes differ from previously published work by 660 MHz. Furthermore, this technique can also be used to obtain the transition frequencies at different laser-atomic beam angles, typical for non-perpendicular laser-atomic beam angles. The second part of this thesis discusses the optimisation of surface trap geometries as they are being used to implement scalable ion trap designs which consist of a large number of trapping zones. The trap depth in surface traps is low compared to symmetric traps of similar dimensions. How to optimise the trap geometry to achieve maximum trap depth for a given ion height above the trap electrodes, is discussed. Fast and adiabatic ion shuttling operations in one dimension as well as ion separation and recombination processes are important for many quantum information implementations. The maximum speed of separation of trapped ions for adiabatic shuttling operations depends on the secular frequencies, the trapped ion experiences in the process. It will be shown how such ion trap structures have to be designed for fast ion separation process and linear shuttling. Numerical results of adiabatic shuttling operations for trapped ions in such trap structures are also presented.

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This work deals with analysis of EDM wire cutting technology and aims to assess the current situation and the real possibilities of EDM wire cutting usage in a small engineering company. Furthermore, it addresses manufacturing technology of a model component and the subsequent economic evaluation.

The diploma thesis Rationalization technology of production tools is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on injection molding of plastic materials and analysis current status of production injection tools. The second part contains proposal of rationalization steps in the production process and evaluation of rationalization.

Wire Electric Discharge Machining (wire-EDM) is a non-traditional machining process. Controlled electric sparks are successively used to vaporize part of a workpiece along a programmed path in order to machine a desired part. Because there is no tool that comes in direct contact with the workpiece, it is possible to machine thin, delicate parts. This thesis was designed to observe and analyze the differences in cutting capabilities for a conventional wire-EDM machine when cutting thin-walled sections from five commonly used metals utilizing a variation of roughing and finishing passes. The five metals that were used in this study are: Aluminum 6061 T6, Yellow Brass SS360, 420 Stainless Steel, D2 Tool Steel at 25 to 30 RC, and D2 Tool Steel at 60 to 65 RC. The thin-walled sections were constrained on each end by the parent material to which they remained attached, and they ranged in thickness from 0.05 millimeters (0.002 inches) increasing incrementally by 0.05 millimeters (0.002 inches) until they reached a thickness of 0.30 millimeters (0.012 inches). A Sodick AQ325L wire-EDM machine was employed to perform the machining. It was observed that differences exist in the capabilities of cutting thin-walled sections from the five different metals. This could be both observed visually through inspection and statistically through the analysis of each data set obtained by measuring the resultant thickness of each section. It was also observed that differences exist for the same material while utilizing the variations of cutting parameters: a roughing with no finishing passes, a roughing with one finishing pass, and a roughing with three finishing passes. Thus both the material properties and the cutting parameters play a significant role in determining the capability of cutting thin-walled sections with a wire-EDM machine.

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The aim of the diploma thesis was the diagnostics of plasma generated in the atmosphere simulating conditions on Mars. This diploma thesis is focused on the simulation of Mars’ atmosphere at atmospheric pressure and normal laboratory temperature. Due to the similar conditions of Mars' atmosphere with Earth, this planet has been explored in the past as well as up to now. Mars' atmosphere is composed mostly of carbon dioxide, which makes up more than 90 % of Mars' atmosphere. A glow discharge generated in a special reactor at atmospheric pressure at a flow of pure CO2 was used to simulate the atmosphere of Mars. Part of the measurement was performed only in pure CO2 with changing current of 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mA. Part of the measurements was focused on the study of the effect of the addition of various gases, such as nitrogen, hydrogen and methane, at changes in their flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 sccm. The products formed in the special reactor were analysed using a mass spectrometer with proton ionization and with a flight time analyser. Optical emission spectrometry was used for plasma diagnostics and composition. Mainly simple aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were detected. With increasing flow rates of the individual gases, more complex aromatic compounds with higher molecular weights were formed. Corresponding mass and optical emission spectra were measured simultaneously.

The master’s thesis is devoted to exploiting of gas-discharge lamps and their dependence on frequency of the supply current. The first part describes the theory of discharge, its types and properties, terms of its origin, and ways of its exploitation. The second part concerns electrical ballast systems of gas discharge light sources, inductive (reactive) and electronic ballasts, principles of their functioning, advantages and disadvantages, and the comparison of their properties. The following chapters deal with low-pressure and high-pressure gas-discharged lamps, compare their properties and describe exploitation of fluorescent lamps. Before conducting the experiment we have described the influence of frequency of the supply current on fluorescent tube lamps. Preparations for laboratory measuring have been also implemented. During the experiment the two types of lamps have been analyzed, the results of the research are summed up in the conclusion.

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le processus de développement d’un dispositif de traitement de composés organiques volatils (COV) par plasma non-thermique. L’application industrielle des dispositifs de dépollution par plasma froid se heurte à deux limitations majeures que sont une consommation énergétique importante et la formation de sous-produits. Deux axes d’amélioration de l’efficacité énergétique du procédé à décharges sur barrière diélectrique sont explorés dans ce travail de thèse : le mode de dépôt d’énergie dans la décharge et le couplage du réacteur plasma avec un dispositif catalytique. Concernant le premier axe, l’étude a montré que dans le cas des réacteurs DBD étudiés, le paramètre gouvernant la réactivité chimique du plasma à pression atmosphérique était la densité d’énergie, qu’il s’agisse de production d’ozone ou d’élimination d’un COV de la phase gazeuse. L’étude chimique des sous-produits de dégradation par décharge a été conduite pour trois molécules cibles : l’éthanol, l’acétone et la méthyléthylcétone. Dans le cas de l’éthanol, un schéma cinétique 0D est proposé, montrant l’importance de la dissociation dans les mécanismes de dégradation du COV. Pour le second axe exploré, le réacteur plasma a été couplé à un catalyseur. Deux formulations de catalyseurs ont été utilisées, avec et sans métaux précieux. Dans les deux cas, l’activation du catalyseur à basse température par couplage avec le réacteur plasma est démontrée. La dernière partie de l’étude présente les résultats obtenus sur un réacteur plasma à échelle pilote visant à estimer l’impact de l’augmentation des capacités de traitement d’un réacteur DBD sur l’efficacité énergétique du procédé. / This work deals with the development of a VOC removal method by non-thermal plasma which has several advantages including flexibility, compactness and limited investment costs. Further development of this technology needs to overcome major drawbacks such as high energy consumption for high flow rate treatment and the presence of by-products. The first part of the study focuses on the method of discharge energy deposition and the search for optimization of the process energy efficiency. Development of experimental and measurement tools, in particular for the determination of the electrical power injected into the discharge were carefully carried out. The effect of voltage waveform, signal frequency and electrode shape were investigated. The results show that no energy efficiency improvement could be brought by variation of these parameters and that only energy density is important in the gas treatment process. The second part of the study was devoted to the study of conversion of three pollutants (acetone, ethanol and methylethylketone). Formation of by-products was analyzed and a kinetic scheme is proposed for ethanol conversion. To decrease the level of by-products at the reactor outlet, the association between cold plasma and catalysis was investigated. Catalysis was found to allow an improvement in the oxidation of the pollutants and of the discharge by-products. The last part of this work focused on results obtained with a large flow rate plasma reactor to confirm extension of laboratory scale results to larger equipment. Results confirmed that the extension of low flow rate experimental results is possible.