Le mémoire traite de la machine à réluctance variable en proposant d'une manière simultanée et du point de vue conception des solutions à ses deux inconvénients majeurs à savoir les ondulations de couple et les efforts radiaux. Les premières se propagent le long de la chaine de transmission diminuant ainsi le confort des usagers et les deuxièmes sont à l’origine d’une nuisance sonore. Dans une première partie et en s’intéressant à une structure axiale caractérisée par une faible force radiale, un bilan sur cette structure est donc établi. En effet, une configuration à deux stators et un rotor est la plus adéquate pour éventuellement remplacer la machine radiale de référence. Cette structure axiale est comparée à cette machine de référence après avoir établi des règles de passage d’une structure à une autre. Un premier passage est effectué en gardant le même encombrement et un deuxième passage en dimensionnant la machine axiale pour satisfaire le même cahier des charges que la machine radiale. Dans une deuxième partie, le travail s’oriente vers la modification de la structure radiale de la machine de référence et son optimisation. Plusieurs modifications sont proposées dont une structure avec une cale magnétique qui est la plus performante. Des optimisations géométriques à l’aide de l’algorithme génétique sur un point de fonctionnement sont ensuite effectuées pour remédier aux deux problèmes. A la fin, un récapitulatif de plusieurs structures optimisées est proposé pour servir de référence. Le choix de la machine la plus adéquate pourra donc être effectué en faisant un compromis entre la maximisation du couple, la réduction de ses ondulations et la réduction des efforts radiaux. / This report deals with switched reluctance motor by offering design solutions to the drawbacks of torque ripples and radial forces in the same time. Torque ripples reduce the user comfort and radial forces are the origin of noise. In the first part, an axial structure characterized by low radial force is analysed. Indeed, an axial configuration with two stators and one rotor is the most appropriate to replace the reference radial machine. Ones the rules of passage from one structure to another are established, the axial structure is then compared to the reference one. A first passage is made by keeping the same volume and a second one by sizing the axial machine with the same specifications as the radial one. In the second part, the work concerns the modification of radial structure of the reference machine and its optimization. Several modifications are proposed including a structure with a magnetic wedge which is the most efficient. Geometric optimization using genetic algorithm are then performed on operating points to remedy the both problems. In the end, several optimized structures are proposed. The choice of the most suitable machine can be done by making a compromise between the torque maximization, reducing its ripples and reducing radial forces.

Dans un contexte mondial régi par de multiples facteurs économiques, énergétiques et environnementaux, la transition vers des modes de transport à zéro émission polluante semble inévitable. De ce fait, les constructeurs automobiles s’investissent de plus en plus dans le développement de groupes motopropulseurs électriques afin d’anticiper les besoins du marché. Parmi les différentes technologies de machines électriques considérées pour cette application, la Machine à Réluctance Variable à Double Saillance (MRVDS) présente des caractéristiques très attractives pour le milieu industriel.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à élaborer des solutions qui répondent aux points qui bloquent encore l’adoption de la MRVDS dans les véhicules électriques. Dans un premier temps, la commande en couple d’une MRVDS destinée à la traction électrique est analysée. En prenant en considération les exigences imposées par l’application envisagée, une stratégie de commande en couple est développée en intégrant deux méthodes complémentaires sur le plan de fonctionnement de la MRVDS choisie.Dans la deuxième partie, l’asservissement en courant est abordé. Les problématiques du contrôle propres à la MRVDS à forte dynamique de courant sont d’abord identifiées. Ensuite, deux régulateurs de courant, qui répondent à différents conditions d’implantation, sont présentés et validés par simulation.La dernière partie de cette thèse aborde le problème des à-coups d’accélération induits à basse vitesse et de leurs répercussions sur l'agrément de conduite. En effet, ce type de motorisation électrique introduit un nouvel aspect sur cette problématique. Une loi de commande anti-à-coups, composée de deux actions, est développée. Les simulations ont montré la conformité de la performance obtenue en utilisant la loi de commande proposée avec le cahier des charges industriel visé. / In a global context governed by multiple economic, energetic and environmental factors, the transition towards transportation modes with zero polluting emissions seems inevitable. Hence, automotive manufacturers are investing increasingly in the development of electric powertrains in anticipation of the market needs. Among the different electric motors technologies considered for this application, the switched reluctance motor (SRM) presents attractive characteristics for the industry.The work presented in this thesis aims to elaborate solutions in response to the points still hindering the adoption of the SRM in electric vehicles. First, torque regulation of an SRM intended for an electric traction is analyzed. Taking into consideration the requirements of the application in hand, a regulation strategy is developed through the integration of two methods which complement each other over the studied SRM range of operation.In the second part, the subject of current regulation in the SRM is discussed. The issues related to current regulation in SRMs disposing of high current dynamics are firstly identified. Then, two current regulators, each adapted to different implementation conditions, are presented and validated through simulations.The last part of this thesis discusses the acceleration jerks induced at very low speeds and their repercussions on driving comfort . Indeed, electric traction introduces a new aspect on this rather classic issue. An anti-jerk control law, composed of two control actions, is developed. Simulations have shown the conformity of the performance obtained with the proposed control law with the target industrial specifications.

The work analyzes the operation of hybrid substations. The first chapter provides an analysis of domestic traction systems and describes in detail specific station. The next chapter follows the first in a way in which obtained parameters are converted to parameters suitable for the simulation program and presents its results. The third chapter discusses the serial communication used in one switchgear and about voltage regulator that controls one high voltage field. The last chapter verifies the simulation results obtained from the second chapter with real measurement and direct comparison is also included.

<p dir="ltr">In our daily lives, we rely on a multitude of discrete products to meet our needs. Traditional product design approaches have primarily focused on economic and technical aspects, often overlooking the pressing environmental and social challenges facing society. Recognizing the limitations of our ecological systems to cope with the waste generated by our current industrial processes, there is a growing need to anticipate the potential consequences of product design across technical, economic, environmental, and social dimensions to pave the way for a sustainable future. One promising strategy within this context is the integration of sustainability principles into optimization-based design models that consider a product's entire life cycle. While there have been previous efforts to optimize product life cycles, a comprehensive exploration of optimization-based design methods with a focus on multiple objectives for discrete products is essential. This dissertation explores the integration of sustainability principles with optimization-based design by taking the electric traction motor used in electric vehicles as a case study. This complex and environmentally significant technology is ideal for investigating the tradeoffs and benefits of incorporating sustainability objectives into the design process.</p><p dir="ltr">The key tasks undertaken in this study are as follows:</p><ul><li>Development of a parametric design and optimization framework for a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor. In this task, a special emphasis is placed on reducing reliance on materials with a high supply risk, such as rare earth elements.</li><li>Creation of a parametric life cycle assessment model that combines life cycle assessment and optimization-based design to minimize a single-score environmental impact. This model offers insights into the environmental performance of product design and underscores the importance of minimizing environmental impact throughout a product's life cycle.</li><li>Integration of a life cycle costing model, incorporating techno-economic assessment and total cost of ownership perspectives, into the parametric life cycle assessment and optimization-based design models. This model is used to minimize levelized production and driving costs, shedding light on the trade-offs within this family of cost metrics and the optimization of manufacturing systems for motor production.</li><li>Proposal of a circular economy model/algorithm to assess the advantages of integrating the circular economy paradigm during the early design phase. All the mentioned objective functions are considered to study the impacts of applying the circular economy paradigm.</li></ul><p dir="ltr">The contributions of this research can be summarized as follows:</p><ul><li>Utilized a diverse array of analytical methodologies to parameterize the design process of a motor, incorporating the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) models, as well as the incorporation of disassembly planning for informed decision-making in the early stages of design.</li><li>Proposed a generalized objective function denoted as the Supply Risk-equivalent (SR-eq.), aimed at mitigating the risks associated with the dependency on critical materials in product manufacturing.</li><li>Introduced a novel approach for visualizing non-dominated solutions within a multi-objective framework, with experimentation conducted on up to six distinct objectives.</li><li>Substantiated the significance of decarbonizing the electric grid while maintaining competitive cost structures, the importance of advancing non-destructive evaluation (NDE) procedures for assessing the condition of end-of-life (EoL) subassemblies, and optimizing the collection rate of EoL motors.</li></ul><p dir="ltr">Demonstrated that the optimization of technical metrics as surrogate indicators for economic and environmental performance does not necessarily yield designs that are concurrently optimal in economic and environmental terms.</p>