The electrification of the automotive industry is growing in popularity, considering the environmental impacts of the conventional diesel-powered automobile. However, from the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) viewpoint, it is observed that the use of variable-frequency drives (VFD) and relatively high-power cables to propel electrical motors has led to a considerable rise in electromagnetic interference (EMI) within and outside the machine. EMI could come from the fast switching of the inverter, electromagnetic radiation from the high- power cables, common mode and differential mode currents as well as parasitic coupling of some of the components in the machine. The signals transmitted by near-by communication cables can be distorted as a result or, in the worst case, interference with the controller area network (CAN) bus of the machine.This thesis work aims to investigate different ways of mitigating EMI in battery-electric mine trucks used for underground mining. Having a three-phase system with power cables consisting of three conductors per phase per traction motor connecting the variable frequency drives (VFD) to the motors, the electromagnetic emission is significantly high because of the current level transmitted by the cables. This is in addition to the fast switching frequency of the inverter as the load/torque varies. Cable models are made using a finite element method (FEM) simulation tool, Ansys electronics desktop. The models are used to study how the cable shielding and material, arrangements and phase orientation can impact the radiated EMI within the machine. Experimental measurements are made in order to validate the models. Parasitic coupling between cables and components such as shield and protective earth conductors is considered to estimate the emitted magnetic fields. Results from one of the simulations show that a hybrid shield consisting of 50% Mu metal and 50% copper will give shield effectiveness up to 65% with reference to when an only copper shield is used. Mu-metal is the next most recommended shield because of the system low fundamental frequency. Steel shield gives as high as 20% better shielding than copper.Further simulations present the trefoil placement of the cable bundles, with the center bundle positioned upside-down compared to the two outer bundles, as a better option compared to when the cables within bundles are placed in a linear configuration, although the difference in the induces EMI is only approximately 5%.The major conditions for the above stated preferred arrangements include that bundles of cables within each bundle are tightly held together and the phase orientation is such that a cable is placed farthest away from the cable with the corresponding phase in the neighbouring bundle. Study on the effect of the connection of cable shield shows that common mode current is increased with the shield connected to ground through the body of the machine. This will give a considerable rise to both conducted and radiated EMI, but could help to reduce the risk of current flowing in uncontrolled parts of the machine.

Att ha en stabil bredning är viktigt för att uppnå noggranna dimensioner vid valsning av stångstål av hög kvalitet. Det här examensarbetet handlar om ett försök att konstruera ett enkelt, men ändå tillfredsställande, aktivt system för att reducera variationerna i bredning i Fundias mediumvalsverk i Boxholm. Att införa ett återkopplat reglersystem anses vara alltför komplext för att komma i fråga, så vi leds till att utnyttja framkoppling. Baserat på tillgänglig litteratur är det tydligt att temperaturen är den enskilt viktigaste faktorn att ta hänsyn till. Dock ger litteraturen inte någon metod som med tillräcklig precision förutsäger hur temperaturen kommer att påverka bredningen i vårt specifika fall. I stället får vi lita till en undersökning. Som tur är visar den att breddavvikelsen är approximativt proportionell mot temperaturen över hela det intressanta intervallet. Det gör det möjligt att basera systemet på en ”kompenseringsgrad”, som kan justeras av operatören. Ett sådant system konstruerades, installerades och testades, och det uppvisade mycket lovande resultat. / Having a stable spread is important in order to obtain accurate dimensions when rolling high-quality steel bars. This thesis describes an attempt to design a simple but adequate active system to reduce the spread variations at Fundia’s mid-section mill in Boxholm, Sweden. Introducing closed loop control is far too complex to be considered in this case, and thus we are forced to use an open loop approach. From the available literature, it is obvious that temperature is the single most important aspect to take into account. However, the literature does not provide the means to accurately enough determine how temperature variations will affect spread in our specific situation. Instead, we have to depend on an investigation. Fortunately, this investigation showed that the width disturbance is approximately proportional to the temperature throughout the interesting interval. This enables us to base the system on a “compensation factor”, set by the operator. Such a control system was then designed, installed, and tested, showing very promising results.

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Sammanfattning Detta examensarbete har gjorts i samarbete med Pontarius AB. Nätet som arbetet handlar om är ett redundant matande nät till sjukhus eller flygplatser där driftsäkerheten är extra viktig. Uppbyggnaden av näten till de båda ser liknande ut, det är mestadels lasten som skiljer dem åt.  Redundans behövs för att uppnå en hög driftsäkerhet vilket tas upp i rapporten. Målsättningen har varit att sammanställa en lathund på lämpliga reläskydd vid olika positioner i nätet. Data från matande nät har tagits från Jönköpings flygplats och utifrån det byggt ett fiktivt system i ett program som heter Easypower. I programmet kan det väljas specifika komponenter av många fabrikat. Där ingår reläskydd, brytare, transformatorer, generatorer och kablar. Arbetet beskriver grunderna i kortslutningsberäkningar samt reläskyddsinställningar. Kortslutningsberäkningarna är gjorda efter svensk elstandard SS-EN 60909-0. Beräkningar på största och lägsta kortslutningsström har gjorts i vissa delar av nätet, utifrån det har reläskyddsinställningarna baserats. Dessa inställningar beskrivs med hjälp av en selektivplan i resultatdelen av rapporten. Resultat och diskussion presenterar en lathund med rekommenderade reläskydd för systemet samt inställningar för dessa via selektivplanen. Det fanns dock vissa betydelsefulla begränsningar i Easypower som gör att selektivplan samt val av bl.a. reläskydd blir lidande.

It has been for decades since invention and use of automation has become important and popular to achieve economic and technical advantages in almost all aspects of operations and productions. Integration of communication with the automation has provided many additional and practical applications in a wide spectrum of industries and the everyday life of the people.This IoT project is implemented as a thesis project for BS program for “Electrical Engineering with Emphasis on Data Telecommunication” in Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Karlskrona at Cybercom Group AB, Stockholm.The project is aiming at design and implementation of an efficient garbage collection system with the help of real-time communication, IoT techniques, sensors, and a number of computer software.The efficiency which is targeted in this project is meant to reducing environmental pollution (including toxic materials and sound pollution) manpower, operational cost, usage of urban roads and traffic grid, and increasing of overall efficiency by increasing employee’s and roads safety, use of existing installation, speed of garbage collection activities, and overall profitability for the operators.The goal is achieved by design and implementation of an intelligent system which despatches garbage collection trucks to the job only when it is the exact time when the capacity of the garbage cans is efficiently utilized, hence, saving endowments and increasing profitability. The project consists of four major parts • Design and implementation of the controller system hardware. • Design and implementation of the controller software. • Design and implementation of the user interface software. • Design and implementation of the integrated mechanical system.

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This study has been carried out to investigate the possibility of creating a calculation model for performing mechanical dimensioning of power line poles. The model is based on parts of the material that is included in the electricity grid industry guidelines, mainly the publication K32:18 Mekanisk Dimensionering and material from Energiföretagen’s education EBR - Mekanisk Dimensionering. The calculation model has been created in MATLAB and can carry out the dimensioning of four types of pole constructions and visualize the calculated power line by plotting poles, conductor and associated ground profile. The model has been tested for two fictitious power lines and then verified against an existing software that has been anonymized in this report. The result comparison shows that the created model largely achieves the same results as the existing software. The comparison gives an indication that the calculations carried out are reliable and that the model can be used to carry out dimensioning for the types of pole constructions it supports. / Den här studien har utförts för att undersöka möjligheten att skapa en beräkningsmodell för att utföra mekanisk dimensionering av kraftledningsstolpar. Modellen är baserad på delar av det material som ingår i elnätsbranschens riktlinjer, huvudsakligen från publikationen K32:18 Mekanisk Dimensionering samt material från Energiföretagens utbildning EBR - Mekanisk Dimensionering. Beräkningsmodellen har skapats i MATLAB och kan genomföra dimensionering av fyra stolpkonstruktioner samt visualisera den beräknade ledningssträckan i form av stolpar, linbågar och tillhörande markprofil. Modellen har testats för två fiktiva ledningssträckningar och sedan verifierats mot en befintlig programvara som anonymiserats i denna rapport. Resultatjämförelsen visar att den skapade modellen i stor utsträckning uppnår samma resultat som den befintliga programvaran. Jämförelsen ger en indikation om att de beräkningar som genomförs är pålitliga och att beräkningsmodellen således kan användas för att genomföra dimensionering för de stolpkonstruktioner den stödjer.

The project deals with both experimental and simulation analysis of the synchronous machine. The effect of Eddy currents on the impedance is verified experimentally. A core set-up is designed and analysed for the influence of Eddy current in the system. The set-up is altered to reduce the effect of Eddy current and to validate the effect of it on the magnetic inductance.

Manufacturing production systems are increasingly forced to join the path of sustainability regarding their typical room for improvement in terms of clean technology and energy usage. However, implementing these eco-friendly measures on facilities is a double-edged sword since the results are not usually guaranteed and could end up being extra energy wastages. Even though nowadays it is usually made for sequence fixing and training tasks, virtual commissioning comes alternatively into action showing up to test energy optimization attempts preventing the premature execution issues that could happen. This project has developed a VC model of a gantry crane system from a Volvo operation including energy consumption monitoring, aiming to test its suitability on energy optimization tasks. The development has been accomplished following the design and creation methodology through the use of Matlab, Codesys and Simumatik 3D and quantitative results are given specifically from different energy modeling drafts until reaching the closest result to the real system consumption. Once the true to reality model was developed, the optimization test was carried out decreasing the maximum velocity of the system behavior to see the energy consumption variation. This constitutes the ultimate test and its results are discussed coming into the conclusion that the VC model is suitable for energy optimization of the treated operation but would require reconfigurations for aggressive velocity changes.

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